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132Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LITERATURE
S.Shermamatova
Fergana state university English language and literature faculty, teacher M.Ibrokhimova Fergana State University, student
The Renaissance period one of the most important part of Europe and oriental countries' history. During this period, countries experienced great changes in all spheres of life, especially in the field of art. In the history english and uzbek literature, the renaissance remained history as a period when new writers, styles and genres were discovered. Alisher Navoi and William Shakespeare and other writer like them are especially recognized in literature as bright representatives of this period.
Keywords: Renaissance, genre, Elizabethan age, University Wits, King's men, metaphysical school, sonnet, Turkic language, Khamsa.
Эпоха Возрождения - одна из важнейших частей истории Европы и стран Востока. В этот период в странах произошли большие изменения во всех сферах жизни, особенно в области искусства. В истории английской и узбекской литературы ренессанс остался историей как период открытия новых писателей, стилей и жанров. Алишер Навои и Уильям Шекспир и другие подобные им писатели особенно признаны в литературе как яркие представители этого периода.
Ключевые слова: Ренессанс, жанр, елизаветинская эпоха, университетские умы, королевские люди, метафизическая школа, сонет, тюркский язык, хамса.
INTRODUCTION
The reason why countries have reached their current state of development lies in the fact that they have gone through several stages and various changes have taken place over the centuries. One of such periods is the renaissance period, which is considered the basis of great changes in all spheres of states and peoples, the height of the sphere of art and culture. What is the renaissance period and what does it mean? It is natural that everyone thinks about this question at the beginning of the topic.
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
"Of course, the term renaissance occurred first in a European context. The Italian artist Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574) seems to have first used the word to characterize the developments in Italian architecture, painting, and sculpture that he described in the biographical sketches he included in his Lives of the Artists. Later writers expanded the meaning of the word to describe a flowering of new knowledge, a vastly expanded European acquaintance with the writings of ancient Greek and Roman authors, and a sensibility that expressed itself in novel artistic and literary forms that were often based on the works of the ancients."1 Renaissance (Italian word means "re-birth") was a great cultural movement, especially in art and architecture, in the early 13th century, than spread another european countries in the late 1400's and ended early in the 17th century.2
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During the renaissance period, the British also faced several changes. The influence of the Renaissance was also reflected in the English language. English people began to speak and write modern English, a change that dates back to the late 1500s.3
Unlike English literature, Uzbek literature faced the renaissance period twice. These periods correspond to the 9th-12th and 14th-15th centurie.4 Scientists such as Khorezmi, Beruni, Farabi, Alfraganus, writersMahmud Koshgari, Ahmad Yugnaki, Ahmad Yassav as the bright representatives of the first renaissance period, brought all fields of science to a high level. Jami, Nizami, Navoi, K. Behzod, etc. remained in history as mature scientists of the second renaissance period.
The English Renaissance period
English renaissance period includes 1485-1603s years. English renaissance period dividing into three parts. The rising action of renaissance under the Tudor monarchs (1500-1558), climax of the renaissance under the Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and falling action of the renaissance under the Stuart monarchs (1603-1649).5
"In England there was an important change in religion and politics when King Henry VIII made himself the head of the Church of England, bringing church and state together (1529-39). He cut all contact with Catholic Church and the Pope in Rome, part of a reaction against the Catholic Church in many parts of Europe.
1 James Wyatt Cook (2006) Encyclopedia of renaissance literature (9-10p)
2 И.В.Гредина «THE PERIOD OF RENAISSANCE IN ENGLISH LITERATURE» учобное пособие (4p)
3 Edited by J.I. Luebering (2011). "English literature from old english period through the renaissance' '
4 Toj iboyeva Shalola ' ' Sharq va G' arbda uyg' onish davri' ' article
5 И.В.Гредина «THE PERIOD OF RENAISSANCE IN ENGLISH LITERATURE» учобное пособие (4-5p)
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Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
Protestantism became more and more important and gave a whole new vision of man's relations with God. The king or queen became the human being on earth who was closest to God, at the head of the Great Chain of Being which led down to the rest of mankind, animals, insects and so on. The Dutch thinker, Erasmus, wrote of mankind as central to the world, and this humanist concern was the basis of most Renaissance thought"6.
The accession of King Henry VIII marked the beginning of a period of many changes for the English and dramatically changed the country. The new policy led to the change of the main notion of this period, and now humanism has become the main idea of the renaissance period. Humanity became the main topic in literature and found a clear expression in the works of that time.
The new, unmarried, 25-years old Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) ascended the throne and the years of her reign went down in history as the most prosperous phase of the English Renaissance. The Elizabethan era became the golden age of English drama. Due to the young queen's interest in science and literature, and strong management skills, great works were carried out throughout the country. Through more than 100 gymnasiums opened for all sections of the population, the general literacy level of the people has also increased7. During this period, English drama was also at its height, and dramas that had been staged in large squares in the central streets were now staged in the first playhouse theaters founded by James Burbage. A group of Elizabethan dramatists of this period who graduated from famous English universities such as Oxford and Cambridge were called "University Wits". These playwrights include Robert Greene, Christopher Marlowe, and George Peel. Marlowe was the foremost dramatist among wits. In the early years of the new century, the Queen's old age and childlessness led to the accession of a new Stuart dynasty to the throne after her death, and in 1603, King James of Scotland (son of Mary, Queen of Scots) became the king of England.
James I's lack of knowledge about England caused several problems in the development of the country. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the balance between Catholics and Protestants was lost during the Steward period, and chaos grew. Despite this, the development of drama in literature continued, and Shakespeare became the author of great dramas. Under the patronage of King James, Shakespeare founded his acting company, which became known as King's Men.
Styles and writers
6 И.В.Гредина «THE PERIOD OF RENAISSANCE IN ENGLISH LITERATURE» учобное пособие (4p)
7http://www.hozir.org/main-directions-of-the-english-literature-in-the-early-middle.html?page=10
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
The renaissance period in English literature went down in history as a period of discovery of many new genres and new writers. The reign of Elizabeth 1 is the most important period. It is known as the golden age of British prosperity in commerce, art and nationalism. This period is considered the height of English drama and saw the discovery of great playwrights such as Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson. This century is also famous for its poetry and Edmund Spenser is one of the best poets.
"The word 'Renaissance' often conjures up poetry of this highly self-conscious kind, which may seem to owe more to ancient Arcadia and the courts of Italy than to southern England. But the British Renaissance transformed those southern landscapes as it transformed so many poetic conventions it had borrowed from other cultures".8
The renaissance period is a period in which great changes took place, many new genres were created, the main ideas of the period were put forward and revived as a rebirth in the true sense in poetry.
In the same way, Renaissance individualism began as a process of imitation, of recovering lost voices from the past. What was reborn in the Renaissance was in the first instance the culture of classical antiquity. That culture, of course, had never been entirely lost, and there had been many earlier periods of recovery. In the medieval academic curriculum, however, which came to centre on Aristotle, the Greek texts were studied in Latin translations and overlaid by elaborate commentaries which sought to systematize them into an all-embracing canon of knowledge9.
At the beginning of the 18th century, a new school of poetry appeared in literature, and this was the metaphysical school of poetry that arose in the period known as the Jacobean age (1603-1625) and Caro-line (1625-1649) age.10 This direction is connected with philosophical ideas, in which mainly love, faith, soul, and death were the main themes. Poets used a lot of wonder, intelligence and arrogance in their poems. They mainly preferred conversational tone and did not pay serious attention to meters and rhymes. The major poets of this school of poetry were Donne, Andrew Marvel, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, and Richard Crashaw.
8 The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse. Selected and with an Introduction bDAVID NORBROOK Edited by H. R. WOUDHUYSEN (2005)
9 The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse. Selected and with an Introduction bDAVID NORBROOK Edited by H. R. WOUDHUYSEN (2005)
10 James Wyatt Cook (2006). "Encyclopedia of renaissance literature"
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SIR THOMAS WYATT founder old english sonnet and unlike the Italian sonnet, the English sonnet has a line of 10 syllables, each syllable receiving alternating light and heavy stress to form a five meter foot.11
Also ,at that time, the direction of drama, tragedy and comedy also developed, blank verse was introduced into the language by Surrey, and became the main form in writing tragedy, comedies.
Uzbek renaissance period
In the period from the IX to XII century - the era sometimes referred to as the Age of the Eastern Renaissance - Central Asia produced some of the most enlightened thinkers, who went on to make groundbreaking contributions in such fields as physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine, art and agriculture.12
Compared to the western renaissance, the eastern renaissance started earlier and was more comprehensive than the western renaissance. The renaissance period occurred twice in the eastern world, the first renaissance period included the IX- XII centuries, that is, the period after the Arab invasion and the introduction of a new language, religion and culture to the east is clearly reflected in the literature of that time. The second renaissance period is considered to be the period after the Mongol conquest, and it corresponds to the XIV -XV centuries.13
In the East, the literature of the Renaissance is divided into two period:
The literature of the early Renaissance (VIII-XIV)
The literature of the Renaissance (XIV-XVIII )14
Early Renaissance literature was heavily influenced by Islam, with Arabic becoming the primary script and a key link between the two Renaissances. In this period, written literature began to form in Central Asia, and the works were mainly written in a didactic spirit, however, we can also find works written in the style of scientific and dedication to the kings of that time. Writers such as Mahmud Koshgari, Ahmad Yugnaki, Ahmad Yassavi are the well-known writers of this period.
Mahmud Koshgari is considered to be the author of "Devoni Lug'ati Turk", which is considered important in the history and literature of the Turkic peoples, and this work is a bright example of the literature of the early renaissance period. The work is written in Arabic, which has become the language of science and religion in
11 Edited by J.I. Luebering (2011). ' 'English literature from old english period through the renaissance''.
12 '' Great central Asianscholars'' https://www.lolakarimova.com/history-and-culture-of-uzbekistan/great-central-asian-scholars/
13 Toj iboyeva Shalola '' Sharq va G' arbda uyg' onish davri''
14 Toj iboyeva Shalola '' Sharq va G' arbda uyg' onish davri''
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
the Near East, and it shows how rich and colorful the Turkic language is. The book contains 7 epics, love songs, pandnoms, mysteries about the creation of the universe, ancient legends and narratives about the history of Turkic peoples, about 300 proverbs and more than 700 lines of poetic fragments.15
The Renaissance (XIV-XVIII )16 was the most prosperous period in the East and in Uzbek literature. Literary genres developed, mysticism became the main theme of works. During this period, great personalities such as Alisher Navoi, Abdurrahman Jami, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur created great works that have a high place in literature.
Alisher Navoi is a great poet and statesman. He is a major figure of Uzbek literature, who wrote in two languages (Turkic and Persian) under the pseudonyms Navoi and Foni.
The scope of Alisher Navoi's creativity is wide and varied, he wrote poems in 16 out of 21 genres of oriental literature. Alisher Navoi raised Uzbek literature to a new level through his poetry. Alisher Navoi is the author of "Khamsa" (a work consisting of 5 epics) written for the first time in Turkic language. He entered the history of literature as the "Khamsa" that created these epics in the shortest time (in 1483-1485) with 50,000 lines(misra). During his life, Alisher Navoi wrote in various genres of poetry. His religious works such as "Arbain" and "Munajot" are also highly acclaim in literature. Alisher Navoi is considered a person not only of Ubek literature, but also of the Eastern Renaissance period.17
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, I should say that The Renaissance left an indelible mark on the history of all countries. Although the Renaissance of the West and the East were very different from each other, we can find some commonalities. In the literature of both countries, the renaissance became a period of discovery of great works and great writers.
The flourishing of drama in English literature, the discovery of new genres and new literary directions has raised English literature to another level. Many achievements were achieved through the great attention given by the kingdom to science and literature.
The renaissance, which became an indelible stage of Uzbek and Eastern literature, gave literature many writers and works that are still considered important
15 https://kh-davron.uz/kutubxona/multimedia/mahmud-koshgariy-va-uning-devoni-lugatit-turk-asari-videodars-devoni-lugatit-turk-3 -j ildlik. html
16Tojiboyeva Shalola "Sharq va Garbda uygonish davri"
17 https://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=1807.10
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today. Although the two-stage Uzbek renaissance has a difference in periods, the main idea of the renaissance has not changed and science has reached its great heights.
The renaissance, which caused many changes and developments, is now a period that holds a special place in literature and is important to study.
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