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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE REACTIVITY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEM, PROOXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT
SYSTEMS OF THE RAT BODY
NURIMOVPAHLAVON BAKHTIEROVICH Assistant at the Department of Physiology of Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan.
ORCID ID 0009-0006-6197-0846 ABSTRACT
The hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretory system, being a complex morphofunctional structure of the body, the study of their activity in the relationship between the autonomous nervous system, pro and antioxidant system of the body is an urgent problem of modern medicine. A study conducted by us showed that against the background of a mixed reactivity of the autonomic nervous system, the balanced state of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems of the animal's body, the supraoptic nucleus and hypothalamus are in a moderate functional state with a reserve ability to reflect the adaptive capabilities of the body.
Keywords: supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamus, body reactivity, autonomous nervous system
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ МЕЖДУ РЕАКТИВНОСТЬЮ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОЙ
НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ, ГИПОТАЛАМО-ГИПОФИЗАРНОЙ НЕЙРОСЕКРЕТОРНОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ, ПРООКСИДАНТНОЙ И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ СИСТЕМАМИ ОРГАНИЗМА КРЫСЫ
НУРИМОВ ПАХЛАВОН БАХТИЕРОВИЧ Ассистент кафедры физиологии Самаркандского государственного медицинского университета, Самарканд, Республика Узбекистан ORCID ID 0009-0006-6197-0846
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тут?
АННОТАЦИЯ
Гипоталамо-гипофизарная нейросекреторная система, являясь сложной морфофункциональной структурой организма, изучение их активности во взаимоотношениях автономной нервной системы, про и антиоксидантной системы организма является актуальной проблемой современной медицины. Исследование, проведенное нами, показало, что на фоне смешанной реактивности вегетативной нервной системы сбалансированное состояние прооксидантной и антиоксидантной систем организма животного, супраоптическое ядро и гипоталамуса находятся в умеренном функциональном состоянии с резервной способностью к отражению адаптивных возможностей организма.
Ключевые слова: супраоптическое ядро, паравентри-кулярное ядро, гипоталамус, реактивность организма, автономная нервная система
КАЛАМУШ ОРГАНИЗМИДАГИ ВЕГЕТАТИВ АСАБ ТИЗИМИ РЕАКТИВЛИГИ, ГИПОТАЛАМО-ГИПОФИЗАР НЕЙРОСЕКРЕТОР ТИЗИМ, ПРООКСИДАНТ ВА АНТИОКСИДАНТ ТИЗИМЛАРИ ОРАСИДАГИ УЗАРО АЛОКА
НУРИМОВ ПАХЛАВОН БАХТИЕРОВИЧ Физиология кафедраси ассистенти, Самарканд давлат тиббиёт университети, Самарканд, Узбекистон Республикаси.
ОИОЮ Ю 0009-0006-6197-0846 АННОТАЦИЯ
Гипоталамо-гипофизар нейросекретор тизим организмнинг мураккаб морфофункционал тизими булиб, унинг автоном асаб тизими, про ва антиоксидант тизими билан активлиги ва узаро алоцасини урганиш замонавий тиббиётнинг долзарб муаммоси саналади. Биз утказган тадцицот шуни курсатдики, вегетатив
асаб тизимининг аралаш реактивлиги фонида хайвон организмидаги прооксидант ва антиоксидант тизимларининг мувозанатлашган холатида, супраоптик ядро ва гипоталамус организмнинг адаптив имкониятларини цайтариш захираси билан нисбатан функционал фаол холатда фаолият олиб бормоцда.
Калит сузлар: супраоптик ядро, паравентрикуляр ядро, гипоталамус, организм реактивлиги, автоном асаб тизими
We know that the reactivity and resistance of an individual to the effects of external factors are ensured against the background of the activity of the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the neuroendocrine system of the body. Any stress factors primarily act regardless of strength, nature and duration at the level of the central system, through the receptor structures of the body. At the same time, the body's response to this kind of stimulus is provided by the level of the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-neurosecretory system of the body. If you pay attention to the large-cell structure of SOY and PVYA, it is an evolutionarily old organization that, through the neurohypophysis, provides regulation of peripheral endocrine glands, as well as systems and organs in the body. Since in PVY, according to A.L. Polenov, tropic hormones such as FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH are produced in small cell nuclei. In addition, vasopressin and oxytocin are produced in large cell nuclei. Their legand VA1, VB1 V2 V3 receptors are detected throughout the body and provide a response at these levels depending on the nature of stress factors. It ensures the centralization of blood circulation, the constancy of water - salt metabolism. In addition, these hormones act of a specific nature V1A and V1R in blood vessels, liver, V1B., V3 in the adenohypophysis of the central nervous system, where they perform neurotransmitter functions. V2 located in the nephrons is involved in the reabsorption of water and sodium
in the blood. [8]. V1-receptor located in muscles, central nervous system, adrenal glands, adipose tissues, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, V1-receptor located in the adenohypophysis, in the medullary layer of the adrenal glands, pancreas, alveoli, provides specific responses [5, 6]: provides the transition of amino acids, fatty acids, glucose in the cell; ensures the ignition of these substances in the Kreps and Warburg cycle; provides productive states through the activation of anabolic hormones in the body - [7, 4].
Oxytocin also regulates, as vasopressin, the activity of the endocrine glands, the central nervous system, and participates in the adaptation process [10]. in addition, oxytocin provides the effect of estradiol, serotonin, opioid substances, providing the development of pleasure from adaptation. [9]. Participates in the process of auto-regulation in ensuring labor activity, as well as the release of milk and arousal of sexual activity, participates in the regulation of hormones of the adenohypophysis, in addition, oxytocin as an intermediary ensures the development of memory, eliminates harmful memories, provides positive psychological state and pleasure organically. Provides anabolic processes of sexual desire [2, 3].
Thus, the hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretory system, being a complex morphofunctional structure of the body, the study of their activity in the relationship of the ANS, pro and antioxidant system of the body is an urgent problem of modern medicine.
The goals and objectives of the study. To identify the relationship between the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-neurosecretory system, as well as indicators of endogenous intoxication in mature males of intact rats.
The object of the study. In connection with the task, the study was conducted on 20 mongrel male rats weighing 180-220 grams.
Research methods. The reactivity of the autonomic nervous system was studied using the Hildebrant coefficient.
Reactivity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-neurosecretory system (SOYA, PVYA, was studied using histochemical, cytophotometric, morphometric examination methods. The functional activity of NSCs and (high, moderate and low activity) was determined by criteria for the content of HCV, the volume of nuclei, nucleoli, states of the nucleolus and chromatin in the nucleus, which includes calculating the percentage of individual types of NSCs according to the Polenov A.L. technique (1993) The state of the prooxidant system, the content of MDA was determined by the method of Steel I.D., Garishivili E.G. (1977). The state of the antioxidant system was studied by determining catalase (Korolyuk M.A., Ivanova L.I., Mayorov N.T., (1988), Indicators of endogenous intoxication were determined by the Gabrilyan method (1991). Statistical processing was performed using the standard Microsoft Office software package -Excel 2000.
The results obtained and their discussion When studying the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system in intact male rats using the Hildebrant coefficient, the heart rate was 578.0 ± 13.5 times per minute, and the respiratory rate was 106.0 ± 2.5 times per minute. The Hildebrant coefficient at the same time was 5.4 ± 0.4. If the results obtained are interpreted with the data of Wein A.M. 1991, then the autonomic nervous system of intact animals is in a mixed reactivity balanced reactivity.
At the same time, the morphofunctional reactivity of the HGNS, that is, the supraoptic nucleus (SOY). The NSCs of this nucleus in intact rats are densely arranged, rounded, oval, less often angular, and are at various stages of the secretory cycle. Dark-colored NSCs of type II predominate among the cell formation of the nucleus (Fig.1), in which dust-like granules of PAF positive material are detected in the form of insignificant clusters in the near nuclear space and in places where axons walk. The cytoplasm of these cells is mostly located in the form of a rim around the nucleus and
is somewhat basophilic. The nuclei of neurons are more often ellipsoid in shape with a small content of chromium tin, which is located in the form of separate lumps of various sizes. In some nuclei, chromatin is diffusely located, the nucleolus is located mainly in the center of the nucleus. The processes of neurons are indistinct, of various lengths and thicknesses.
Fig. 1. Neurosecretory cells STANDING in an intact rat. Staining with chromo-quartz hematoxylin with eosin paint. Magnification: approx.15x, about.40x. The numbers are indicated: 1.Type I neurosecretory cells; 2.Type II neurosecretory cells; 3.Type III neurosecretory cells. 4. Nuclei
of satellite glial cells.
In the preparations, light-colored type I NSCs with a very loose arrangement of PAPH-positive material in the cytoplasm and type III NSCs with a high content of neurosecretory substances are detected in small quantities, which is detected throughout the cytoplasm of cells. The nuclei and nucleoli in them are small in size. In addition to these types of NSCs, pycnomorphic altered hyperchromic NSCs of type IV are also detected in small amounts in histological sections. The nuclei of satellite cells are romantic, have an oval shape. The vessels in the SOY region are well expressed, most of them are in a half-collapsed state, moderately filled with shaped blood elements.
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In intact rats, it is a triangular-shaped formation with the base facing upwards. In the dorsal part of the nucleus, the NSCs are larger, and smaller cells are located in the narrowing ventral part of the nucleus. The large-cell part of the PVN is separated from the surrounding cell groups by a light cell-free zone. The NSCs of this nucleus are different in shape: in most cases they have a round-oval shape, less often there are spindle-shaped cells (Fig.2). In PVN, dust-like granules of PAF-positive material are found in dark-colored type II NSCs, as well as in SOY, in the form of insignificant accumulations mainly in the near nuclear space and in the places of axon departure. Between type II NSCs, type I NSCs are found, which are characterized by an almost complete absence of PAF positive material.
Fig. 2. Neurosecretory PVIA cells in an intact rat. Staining with chromoquartz hematoxylin with eosin paint. Magnification: approx.15x, about.40x. The numbers are indicated: 1.Type I neurosecretory cells; 2.Type II neurosecretory cells; 3. Type III neurosecretory cells; 3.Nucleus
of satellite glial cells.
Along with this, there are type III NSCs overloaded with neurosecretory material, in which neurosecretory granules occupy the entire cytoplasm, and there are many of them in axons. Destructively altered type IV cells are detected along the periphery of the nucleus. The
nuclei of NSCS are pronounced, of various sizes and shapes, but more often they have an oval shape with a diffuse chromatin arrangement, the latter is mostly located in the center of the nucleus. Consequently, type II neurosecretory cells, which are in a state of moderate functional activity, were predominant in PVN. In satellite glial cells, the nuclei are romantic. The vascular network in the area of PV is well expressed, the vessels are filled with shaped blood elements.
GGT is weakly expressed, the course of nerve fibers, unevenly colored with PAF, is clearly visible in the inner and outer zones of the SV (Fig. 3). GCHNG contains a large amount of neurosecretory substances both in neurosecretory fibers and in their terminals (in Goering bodies), it is diffusely and densely located (Fig. 4).
Fig.3. SV in an intact rat. Nerve fibers are visible, unevenly colored with NSV. Staining with chromo-quartz hematoxylin and eosin paint. Uv. approx. 20x, about.100x. The numbers are indicated by:1. Thin neurosecretory fibers of the hypothalamic-pituitary tract; 2. Vessels of the
outer layer
Therefore, based on the presented data, it can be concluded that in SOY and PVYA in intact rats, dark-colored type II NSCs in the stage of moderate functional activity were predominant in the secretory formula. The nuclei of glial satellite cells, to which the trophic function for nerve cells is attributed, are quite clearly visible. In SV and GGT, GPG are poorly
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detected, which may indicate the release of HCV into the bloodstream. At the same time, in the GCHNG, the NSM is located more or less evenly and the PAF is colored intensively. The vascular network in the field of SOY and PVYA, SV, GCHNG without significant changes. If we interpret these data with the data of Polenov A.L. (1993), all this indicates a relatively "calm" functioning of the HHNS and its constituent structures in intact rats.
Fig.4. Neurohypophysis in an intact rat. Diffusely and densely located NSBs in the neurohypophysis are visible. Paraldehyde fuchsin staining by Homori Uv. approx. 20x, vol.100x.
Thus, against the background of the mixed reactivity of the autonomic nervous system, the balanced state of the prooxidant and antioxidant systems of the animal body, SOY and hypothalamus are in a moderate functional state with a reserve capacity for reflecting the adaptive capabilities of the body.
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