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Khalikova R.M. master's student Omarova E. Ya. master's student FSBEI of HE "Dagestan State University" Russia, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala city THE REGIONAL MANAGEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN: PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION
Annotation: The main problems of the Republic of Dagestan in the field of socio-economic development are identified. The article contains some recommendations to improve the management of the region.
Key words: Economy of Dagestan, inter-budgetary transfers, industry.
The Republic of Dagestan is in the very south of Russia. It explains a lot and brings with it great responsibility. What distinguishes the republic from other regions of the Russian Federation? First of all, it is multilingualism. Scientists are still arguing about how many languages indigenous people speak here. They vary in the range of 30 and above. The Dagestan priorities include the wealth of the Caspian sea: fish and sturgeon caviar as well as its oil and gas fields. In Dagestan, the most powerful (one million kilowatt) hydroelectric power station in the North Caucasus with a unique high-level arched dam was built - the Chirkey HPP. There are only four of them in the world.
All the countries are different from each other. However, among the special features of Dagestan, there is another one that makes it special. These are sports achievements of Dagestanis. This small republic by Olympic standards has already had more than ten Olympic champions.
We now turn to the problems of Dagestan, which have long been turned into problems of the whole Russia. The republic is completely dependent on the federal budget; the share of subsidies from the Center in the republican budget ranges from 75 to 90%. The unemployment rate, according to official statistics, is about 15%. The average official income per capita in the republic is almost two times lower than the national average. Incomes of more than half of the inhabitants of Dagestan are below the subsistence minimum.
In most countries, intergovernmental transfers represent an important part of the budget of local authorities.
V.V Yermakov article defines intergovernmental transfers as one of the main types of financial support for the regions from the federal budget. Preserving Russia's territorial integrity, reducing social tensions, and increasing the level of well-being of the population of the Russian Federation largely depend on the efficiency and adequacy of methods of distributing intergovernmental transfers.
Dagestan heads the list of distribution of intergovernmental transfer between the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2018 - the republic will receive over 59 billion rubles from the federal budget, 6.6 billion rubles more than in the current
year24.
In addition to the high dependence on federal subsidies, other topical problems of Dagestan can be identified:
1) the backward and largely destroyed economic base and the corresponding underdeveloped social and production infrastructure;
2) deep disproportions in the level of development of individual industries and complexes, as well as between individual areas, cities and districts;
3) the negligible volume of foreign economic turnover in the conditions of the border region;
4) a high level of population below the poverty line (more than 30%);
5) a low share of remuneration in the aggregate incomes of the population - a little more than 10%, with 65% for the whole of the Russian Federation;
6) the unemployment level which has long remained one of the highest in the Russian Federation - officially about 12% of the working-age population, and in fact about 20%, and in the countryside - more than 40%;
7) a higher level of the shadow economy (55-65%) than in the Russian Federation as a whole and even in the neighboring regions of the SFD and the North Caucasus Federal District;
8) the actual elimination of the democratic foundations of the election of the head of the republic, the heads of cities, regions and individual settlements;
9) insecurity of property rights, illegal buildings and the widespread nature of violations of owners' land and property rights, etc.
In order to effectively solve the above problems, it is necessary to raise the percentage of the share of own revenues in the consolidated budget of Dagestan. Since recently, this figure has only amounted to 34.1% - one of the worst indicators in the country.
How can this be achieved?
1. Agro-industrial complex. Without the creation of an efficient and highly productive rural economy, the development of agriculture and processing, entrepreneurship, it will be difficult to revive our village and stop the outflow of the population.
2. Tourism. The development of tourism should play a crucial role for the economy of the republic.
3. Development of rural areas. In the development of rural areas, special attention should be paid to measures to create modern infrastructure in settlements - roads, water, gas, electricity, communications.
4. Education. The most important direction in the modern post-industrial economy is the provision of equal opportunities for quality education.
5. Entrepreneurship. The economic prosperity of any society depends on the degree of economic freedom, respect for private property, competition development.
6. Effective government. In order to achieve the objectives in the short term,
24 "minfin.ru" // Ministry of Finance of Russia Official site
it is necessary to ensure highly efficient and high-quality state and municipal management.
Literature:
1. "The Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan " (adopted by the constitutional assembly on July 10, 2003) (as amended on December 26, 2017)
2. Leksin V.N., Shvetsov A.N. State and regions. Theory and practice of state regulation of territorial development: Moscow: "LIBROCOM", 2009.
3. Shvetsov A.N. Improving regional policy. Concepts and practice. M .: URSS Krasand, 2011.
4. Shvetsov A.N. "Regional policy in the structure of government bodies: the ups and downs of the Ministry of Regional Development" // Regionalistika, 2014.
5. V.V. Ermakov. "Assessment of the impact of intergovernmental transfers on the socio-economic development of the region" // Economy (regional problems). -2017. -№3. - p.18-37.
6. "minfin.ru" // Ministry of Finance of Russia Official site.
7. minstroyrf.ru // Minstroy of Russia Official website.
8. e-dag.ru // Official website of the Government of the Republic of Dagestan.
