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UDC 633.491:632.76 HAC Code 06-01-05 DOI: 10.32417/1997-4868-2020-203-12-15-21
The prospect of using a necrotic protective barrier in the creation of potato varieties resistant to the Colorado potato beetle
I. S. Mardanshin1, A. Kh. Shakirzyanov1*
1 Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
*E-mail: shakirzyanof@yandex.ru
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of the necrotic protective barrier in creating resistance to the Colorado beetle in potatoes. Methods. The research was carried out in a field experiment according to the accepted methodology for 3 years. The research involved 30 different potato varieties grown in conditions of the Cis-Ural forest-steppe of the Bashkortostan Republic. The analysis was focused on the correlation between the leaf blade hypersensitive response intensity on the Colorado potato beetle egg clutch on the one hand, and the level of plant resistance to the pest and loss of tuber yield from damage by parasite on the other side. Results. There was observed a strong association between the resistance of potato tops and the plant yield (the correlation coefficient is 0.763-0.804) when potatoes are grown without the control of the phytophage number. When growing potato varieties with insecticide application, the productivity of plants practically did not depend on their resistance level to phytophage. There has been found a strong positive correlation between the hypersensitive reaction of the leaf blades to Colorado beetle egg disposition and the resistance of different potato varieties to the pest (correlation coefficient 0.568-0.671). On the contrary, the relationship between the hypersensitive response of the leaf blades to the egg clutch and the decrease in yields was negative (correlation coefficient -0.646...-0.763). Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it is concluded that the stability of potatoes and the reduced loss of tuber yields from pest damage are closely related to the potato leaf response against the Colorado beetle clutch. The use of a necrotic protective barrier is a promising direction in breeding potato varieties resistant to the Colorado potato beetle. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the possible application of a new type of resistance and creating on this basis potato tolerance donors against the Colorado beetle.
Keywords: potato breeding, Colorado potato beetle, hypersensitive response.
For citation: Mardanshin I. S., Shakirzyanov A. Kh. The prospect of using a necrotic protective barrier in the creation of potato varieties resistant to the Colorado potato beetle // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2020. No. 12 (203). Pp. 15-21. DOI: 10.32417/1997-4868-2020-203-12-15-21.
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Introduction
The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) has been a very dangerous pest for potato almost 45 years and is an acute problem for the country's potato industry [1, p. 67]. Insecticides control the number of pest larvae on the crop. However, the parasite quickly adapts to widely used pest control chemicals [2, p. 54]. Without protective measures unstable potato cultivars can lose 25-50 %, in some cases, 80-100 % of tuber resulted from a high number of insects [3, p. 65]. Currently the Colorado beetle has a high level of resistance to most insecticides. Thus, the only economically feasible way to stabilize potato agrocenoses is to develop highly tolerant varieties that can provide a tuber yield of good quality with a minimum level of chemical protection [4, p. 50], [5, p.14].
To successfully create potato cultivars resistant to the Colorado beetle, it is necessary to modify the elements of its interaction with the plant that are critical for the insect's life [6, p. 165]. Breeding potato tolerant to the Colorado beetle is
complicated by the fact that this insect is a changeable, genetically and adaptively polymorphic, plastic species. In this regard, when creating resistant varieties, protective genes
should act equally on all genotypic forms of the pest in the I
general population and not cause violations of the population ^
structure [7, p. 85]. The traditional approach to breeding po- ^
tato cultivars tolerant to the Colorado beetle involves the use r
d
of wild potato species S. demissum, S. chacoense, S. commer- a
sonii, etc. in crosses. At the same time, the stability of potato h
hybrids in these combinations is mainly due to the presence ,
of glycoalcoloids in the leaves [8, p. 27]. Zarevo, Peresvet, a
Bryanskiy nadezhnyy, Nikulinskiy and a number of other cul- K
tivars developed on this basis are characterized by the relative p resistance against pests at 6-8 points. However, this type of h
resistance is overcome by the pest, so it is necessary to use k
insecticides to control the number of insects even on these z
varieties [9, p. 39]. a
In this regard, to create potato varieties tolerant to the Col- o
orado beetle, there is a need to find new types of resistance 2
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and develop new approaches to creating potato tolerance donors against this type of insects. One of the possible directions of breeding work in this direction is to develop stable genotypes based on the use of a necrotic protective barrier in the form of hypersensitive response of plant leaves to the insect egg clutch. Possible control of the phytophage number based on a necrotic protective barrier has been reported for the first time relatively recently. It was based on the phenomenon observed when individual plants of black mustard (Brassica nigra) in climatic conditions of California valley (significant lack of air humidity) caused the death of eggs laid on the leaves by the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) and green-veined white butterfly (P. napi). The researchers claimed that the death of the insect clutch occurred as the result of the leaf blade necrosis at the place of the egg attachment followed with leaf drying [10, p. 631]. Insect eggs can't control their temperature and completely depend on the host plant microenvironment. Thus, necrosis at the clutch place can isolate eggs from the thermoregulation process of the host plant leaf and lead to death [11, p. 3451].
In another example, there was the hypersensitive response of the leaf blade and the necrosis at the place of the Colorado potato beetle egg clutch (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in potato species hybrid Solanum spp. It caused egg detachment, falling on the soil surface and subsequent death [12, p. 655]. Moreover, the selection evaluation of potato hybrids, showed that relatively stable varieties reacted with the necroses on the leaves under the egg clutch, while unstable varieties did not have this reaction [13, p. 10]. However, a detailed study of the effect of this protective barrier on potato tolerance to the Colorado beetle has not been conducted.
It is undoubtedly relevant for further scientific and breeding programs to assess the effectiveness of the necrotic protective barrier on pest resistance and the prospects for its using to develop tolerance of potato varieties against the Colorado beetle [14, p. 69]. Thereby, the authors of the very paper conducted a comparative study of the way the leaf blade hypersensitive response intensity on pest egg clutch decreases the yield of different potato varieties resulted from damage by the Colorado beetle.
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Methods
The research was conducted in the Cis-Ural climate zone (northern forest-steppe) on the lands of the Birsk scientific division of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture. The experiment was performed in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Meteorological conditions in the research area for all years of studies were within the climate norm. Annually the period from the moment the Colorado beetle females lay eggs on potato leaves to the development of larvae of the IV age was from the beginning of the 2nd decade of June to the end of the 3rd decade of July. This period in 2016, the average daily temperatures were 19.6-23.9 °C and the amount of precipitation was 60 mm. At the same time, there was insufficient water due to a lack of rainfall in the first three decades of this period. In 2017, during the embryonic development of phytophage larvae, the average daily temperatures were within 16.8-21.5 °C, the amount of precipitation was 166 mm, which fell evenly. In 2019, the mean daily temperatures in the studied period were 16.1-20.6 °C; there were 95 mm of precipitation that fell relatively evenly.
The experiments were based on 30 different potato culti-vars. Samples were planted on two row plots of 10 plants in three-fold repetition. The planting scheme was 70 x 30 cm. Pest dispersal and egg laying by female Colorado beetles on experimental potato plants took place naturally. At the time of mass larvae hatching from eggs, one row of each plot was fenced off with a protective screen and treated with 0.005 % solution of Regent insecticide at the rate of 200 ml, which is a hectare rate of 10 g/ha. The other row of this plot was not treated with insecticide. The biological effectiveness of the insecticide against larvae of age 1-2 was at the level of 95-98 %. The degree of damage to the potato tops on the unprotected half of the plot was assessed visually 15 days after hatching, when the pest larvae reached age IV and fed intensively before going into the soil for pupation. The damage degree on each Bush plot was evaluated visually on a 9-point scale:
9 points - high stability, weak damage up to 10 %;
7 points - relatively high stability, damage from 10 to 24 %;
5 points - average stability, damage from 25 to 49 %;
Fig. 1. Development of leaf blade necrosis on 100 % of the area occupied by the Colorado beetle egg clutch (view from the upper (a)
and lower (b) sides of the leaf blade), Bashkirskiy variety
3 points - weak stability, damage from 50 to 79 %;
1 point - lack of stability, severe damage from 80 to 100 %.
Each row of the plot was harvested separately. The yield was recorded in the 1st decade of September. The extent of losses from pest damage was estimated by comparing the yield of potato tubers from the protected row and the yield from the row without the use of insecticide.
The development of a leaf blade hypersensitive response to a Colorado potato beetle clutch was evaluated on 3-5 day after the clutch placement on the following scale:
0 points - no hypersensitive response;
1 point - protrusion of the leaf blade at the place of the clutch attachment;
2 points - necrosis on 25 % of the area occupied by the clutch;
3 points - necrosis on 50 % of the area under the clutch;
4 points - necrosis on 100 % of the area under the clutch (fig. 1);
5 points - perforation of the leaf blade at the place of the clutch attachment.
The development of the leaf blade hypersensitive response was analyzed under ten clutches found in a row on the plot. Then the average value of the necrosis development extent was deduced in points.
Mathematical processing of the obtained data was performed by calculating the arithmetic mean of 10 observations and the standard error of the average. Correlation analysis of the obtained data was done according to the accepted methodology [15. p. 269].
Results
The results of three years of field experiments indicate that the Colorado beetle is a particular danger as a pest of potato culture. Annual losses from the insect, depending on the variety, reached up to 93 % of the yield (tables 1, 2, 3, 4). At the same time, varietal characteristics were a decisive factor in the level of yield reduction when the crop was damaged by the Colorado beetle. Thus, the data on the reduced yield of potato tubers without pest control by insecticide, in comparison with the conditions of using protection means, prove that the most resistant cultivars had 8-18 times lower yield reduction than the least resistant varieties.
Table 1
The effect of the hypersensitive response of potato leaves to the Colorado beetle egg clutch on potato tolerance to the
pest damage, 2016
Item No. Cultivars Hypersensitive response development, points Potato top stability, points Potato yield capacity, g/bush Yield reduction, % Rating in tolerance to yield reduction
Treated with insecticide Untreated with insecticide
1 Gibrid 53 3.7 ± 0.31 5.5 ± 0.88 477 424 11.2 1
2 Freska 3.5 ± 0.28 5.1 ± 0.58 410 362 11.6 2
3 Bashkirskiy 3.2 ± 0.34 5.5 ± 0.66 225 197 12.5 3
4 Burnovskiy 3.3 ± 0.21 5.8 ± 0.29 398 339 14.8 4
5 Safo 1.0 ± 0.25 6.8 ± 0.74 205 173 15.6 5
6 Belosnezhka 1.5 ± 0.39 6.5 ± 0.87 387 313 19.0 6
7 Kondor 2.5 ± 0.21 5.5 ± 0.55 351 280 20.0 7
8 Udacha 2.7 ± 0.22 4.5 ± 0.54 595 469 21.1 8
9 Soldatik 2.2 ± 0.13 4.6 ± 0.88 375 290 22.6 9
10 Resurs 0 5.8 ± 0.89 446 329 27.7 10
11 Svetanok kievskiy 2.3 ± 0.28 4.8 ± 0.87 158 114 28.0 11
12 Institutskiy 1.5 ± 0.29 4.6± 0.38 387 271 30.1 12
13 Skarb 1.0 ± 0.27 4.5 ± 0.87 560 362 35.4 13
14 Zhigulevskiy 1.2 ± 0.11 4.0 ± 0.88 291 184 36.6 14
15 Liga 1.0 ± 0.09 3.1 ± 0.95 371 222 40.1 15
16 Alegro 1.3 ± 0.14 3.5 ± 0.54 332 181 45.5 16
17 Disko 0 3.0 ± 0.65 295 148 49.8 17
18 Amaliya 0 2.1 ± 0.87 382 181 52.6 18
19 Sentyabr' 0 2.4 ± 0.71 420 168 60.1 19
20 Nevskiy 1.0 ± 0.15 2.3 ± 0.18 197 66 66.6 20
21 Vesna 0 2.5 ± 0.87 384 116 69.9 21
22 Lugovskoy 0 2.4 ± 0.29 379 111 70.7 22
23 Raya 0 1.5 ± 0.87 375 79 78.9 23
24 Roksana 0 1.9 ± 0.17 310 63 79.8 24
25 Nayada 0 1.5 ± 0.12 405 81 80.1 25
26 Andro 0 2.0 ± 0.54 340 58 82.8 26
27 Rannyaya roza 0 2.3 ± 0.28 417 56 89.0 27
28 Bronitskiy 0 2.1 ± 0.29 314 35 90.1 28
29 Antoshka 0 1.2 ± 0.37 459 45 92.2 29
ArpapHbiñ BecTHMK Ypana № 12 (203), 2020 r.
Table 2
The effect of the hypersensitive response of potato leaves to the Colorado beetle egg clutch on potato tolerance
to the pest damage, 2017
Item No. Cultivars Hypersensitive response development, points Potato top stability, points Potato yield capacity, g/bush Yield reduction, % Rating in tolerance to yield reduction
Treated with insecticide Untreated with insecticide
1 Bashkirskiy 3.2 ± 0.44 6.5 ± 0.55 475 439 7.5 1
2 Burnovskiy 3.9 ± 0.25 7.0 ± 0.45 647 589 8.9 2
3 Freska 2.5 ± 0.65 7.1 ± 0.66 327 297 9.1 3
4 Kondor 3.0 ± 0.33 6.5 ± 0.26 205 183 10.5 4
5 Resurs 0 7.0 ± 0.25 277 243 12.2 5
6 Udacha 2.3 ± 0.58 5.4 ± 0.22 547 476 12.9 6
7 Safo 1.2 ± 0.33 4.4 ± 0.14 229 198 13.6 7
8 Gibrid 53 3.0 ± 0.11 7.5 ± 0.88 666 570 14.4 8
9 Liga 1.5 ± 0.24 6.1 ± 0.58 191 161 15.9 9
10 Svitanok kievskiy 3.0 ± 0.28 5.4 ± 0.55 329 276 16.1 10
11 Alegro 1.3 ± 0.24 5.5 ± 0.78 297 187 36.9 11
12 Institutskiy 0.5 ± 0.25 4.8 ± 0.87 440 262 40.4 12
13 Belosnezhka 2.8 ± 0.12 4.7± 0.19 335 184 45.2 13
14 Zhigulevskiy 0.3 ± 0.25 4.0 ± 0.22 417 228 45.3 14
15 Soldatik 3.3 ± 0.32 3.6± 0.29 653 334 48.8 15
16 Skarb 1.0 ± 0.22 3.5 ± 0.25 291 147 49.5 16
17 Disko 0 3.1 ± 0.23 294 146 50.4 17
18 Raya 0 2.5 ± 0.21 422 187 55.6 18
19 Nayada 1.5 ± 0.11 1.5 ± 0.23 369 123 66.8 19
20 Roksana 1 2.5 ± 0.55 267 81 69.6 20
21 Vesna 0 2.4 ± 0.23 273 81 70.2 21
22 Lugovskoy 0 2.5 ± 0.21 350 97 72.3 22
23 Antoshka 0 2.2 ± 0.66 264 65 75.5 23
24 Sentyabr' 0 2.8 ± 0.35 511 120 76.6 24
25 Nevskiy 2 2.0 ± 0.47 474 103 78.2 25
26 Rannyayaroza 0 2.5 ± 0.46 154 32 78.9 26
27 Sadovyy 0 2.0 ± 0.41 355 68 80.8 27
28 Andro 1 2.4 ± 0.44 239 35 85.5 28
29 Amaliya 0 2.1 ± 0.53 416 42 89.9 29
30 Bronitskiy 0 1.1 ± 0.25 427 34 92.1 30
Table 3
The effect of the hypersensitive response of potato leaves to the Colorado beetle egg clutch on potato tolerance
to the pest damage, 2019
Item No. Cultivars Hypersensitive response development, points Potato top stability, points Potato yield capacity, g/bush Yield reduction, % Rating in tolerance to yield reduction
Treated with insecticide Untreated with insecticide
1 Freska 4.0 ± 0.41 7.1 ± 0.89 791.0 758.0 4.2 1
2 Kondor 3.3 ± 0.32 6.5 ± 0.81 511.1 488.9 4.3 2
3 Bashkirskiy 3.0 ± 0.21 7.5 ± 0.88 716.7 660.0 7.9 3
4 Safo 3.5 ± 0.23 6.9 ± 0.54 533.0 478.0 10.3 4
5 Resurs 0 8.0 ± 0.44 673.0 595.0 11.6 5
6 Udacha 0.8 ± 0.41 5.5 ± 0.48 715.0 623.0 12.9 6
7 Liga 1.0 ± 0.54 7.1 ± 0.44 733.3 612.2 16.5 7
8 Belosnezhka 3.3 ± 0.32 6.5 ± 0.64 944.4 743.3 21.3 8
9 Gibrid 53 3.5 ± 0.25 6.5 ± 0.75 728.0 570.0 21.7 9
10 Zhigulevskiy 0.3 ± 0.23 4.2 ± 0.87 997.5 770.0 22.8 10
11 Burnovskiy 2.0 ± 0.21 5.8 ± 0.48 924.3 703.0 23.9 11
12 Svetanok kievskiy 0.3 ± 0.87 4.8 ± 0.46 817.0 615.6 24.7 12
13 Disko 1.0 ± 0.48 4.0 ± 0.34 744.0 534.0 28.2 13
14 Alegro 1.3 ± 0.74 4.5 ± 0.47 843.8 590.9 30.0 14
15 Institutskiy 0.5 ± 0.56 4.1 ± 0.87 833.0 557.0 33.1 15
16 Soldatik 1.3 ± 0.25 4.6± 0.88 796.7 528.9 33.6 16
17 Skarb 1.0 ± 0.22 6.5 ± 0.81 738.9 482.0 34.8 17
18 Vesna 0 3.5 ± 0.17 844.0 476.0 43.6 18
19 Lugovskoy 0 3.4 ± 0.16 767.0 430.0 43.9 19
20 Amaliya 0 2.1 ± 0.25 499.1 255.0 48.9 20
21 Sentyabr' 0 2.4 ± 0.32 836.7 411.1 50.9 21
22 Rannyaya roza 0 2.3 ± 0.15 519.0 247.8 52.3 22
23 Raya 0 3.5 ± 0.10 613.3 280.0 54.3 23
24 Roksana 1.0 ± 0.15 2.5 ± 0.44 509.1 225.0 55.8 24
25 Nayada 1.5 ± 0.12 1.5 ± 0.32 594.0 223.0 62.5 25
26 Andro 2.0 ± 0.11 3.9 ± 0.24 794.0 206.0 63.9 26
27 Bronitskiy 0 1.0 ± 0.12 503.3 159.1 68.4 27
28 Antoshka 1.8 ± 0.17 2.0 ± 0.32 585.0 148.0 74.7 28
29 Nevskiy 1.2 ± 0.15 2.4 ± 0.51 688.0 172.0 75.0 29
30 Sadovyy 0 1.5 ± 0.33 718.0 172.7 75.9 30
Table 4
Inheriting hypersensitive response of leaf blades to the Colorado beetle egg clutch by the offspring
of the Bashkirskiy potato cultivar
Item No. Crossing combination The number of studied hybrids, pcs Distinguishing between hybrids in manifesting the hypersensitive response in points after 5 days from egg laying by the pest
0 1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points 5 points
1 Bashkirskiy x Dubrava 80 51 14 9 5 1 0
2 Phenotype distribution, % 100 63.75 17.5 11.25 6.25 1.25 0
3 Bashkirskiy x Avrora 57 38 10 5 3 1 0
4 Phenotype distribution, % 100 66.7 17.5 8.8 5.3 1.8 0.0
5 Self-pollination of the Bashkirskiy cultivar 107 77 17 4 4 3 2
6 Phenotype distribution, % 100 72.0 15.9 3.7 3.7 2.8 1.9
The hypersensitive response of the potato leaf blade to the Colorado beetle clutch has been found to be a genetically determined trait. The varieties with these genes manifest this characteristics every year. The cultivars without these genes did not display this trait during the entire observation period. At the same time, the trait manifestation rate has been found to vary depending on the specific conditions of the growing season, which fall on the period of egg laying by insects. This is quite natural, since each variety is known to have a certain rate of reaction to different growing conditions, and this property is the basis for varietal zoning. Three-year field data on the hypersensitive response of potato leaves to the Colorado beetle clutches provide evidence and confirm the previously made conclusion that a warmer temperature background inhibits the process of necrosis formation [13. p. 10]. Thus, the highest point for the hypersensitive reaction of potato leaves to the clutches of the Colorado beetle was 3.7 (Gibrid 53) in the warmest 2016. In a more moderate 2017, it was 3.9 (Burn-ovskiy cultivar). In the coolest year of 2019, the maximum point was 4.0 (Fresca cultivar). The temperature influence on the hypersensitive reaction development of potato leaves on the Colorado beetle clutches, apparently, lies in the biochemical features of this reaction.
To assess the effectiveness of the necrotic protective barrier on pest resistance and the prospects of using this protective barrier in creating resistance of potato varieties to the Colorado beetle, a correlation analysis of the studied factors was conducted.
Thus, the analysis of the relationship between the potato top stability rate in points and the yields of different potato cultivars made based on the data obtained showed that these two indicators are closely related only when the studied crop is grown without the use of insecticides to control the pest population. In addition, the correlation coefficient between the stability in points and the level of plant productivity against the background of free development of the pest was 0.763 in 2016, 0.779 in 2017 and 0.804 in 2019, meaning that the relationship between these indicators is strong. When growing potato varieties under the control of the Colorado beetle population by insecticide, the potato yields practically did not depend on the level of resistance to phytophage (the correlation coefficient for years ranged within 0.066-0.348). The level of yield in this case depended on other features of potato varieties. There is the rationale for this: in conditions of free phytophage nutrition, the level of potato stability acts as a limiting factor for yields, so the relationship between them is strong.
Analysis of correlation dependence between the degree of hypersensitive response to the Colorado potato beetle clutch and potato top resistance to the pest, as well as a yield reduction of different potato cultivars shows that this relationship is strong enough. Thus, the correlation coefficients of the dependence between the degree of development of the hypersensitive reaction to the Colorado beetle clutch and the level of stability of the potato tops, which shows the share of the preserved leaf surface after the larvae left the plants, were 0.671 in 2016, 0.631 in 2017 and 0.568 in 2019. These values correspond to the average degree of dependence between these two characteristics. This is entirely due to the fact that potato cultivars have also other immunogenetic barriers of stability. A similar conclusion can be drawn between the hypersensitive response development to the Colorado beetle clutches and the decrease in yields of different potato varieties. The negative correlation coefficient between these factors was - 0,763 in 2016, - 0,646 in 2017, - 0,571 in 2019.
A clear proof that the hypersensitive response of potato leaves to Colorado beetle clutches and the level of resistance of potato varieties to the pest are closely related is that in most cases the top rating cultivars tolerant to yield losses have this protective barrier, while the varieties that close this rating do not have it. It is possible that the hypersensitive reaction is also a trigger for other immunogenetic barriers of resistance to the Colorado beetle [16, p. 794].
It is known that most of the potato cultivars selected for the study were developed on the basis of productivity and other economically valuable traits. The manifestation rate of the hypersensitive response of potato leaves to the Colorado beetle egg clutches was not taken into account in the selection. At least, there are no scientific reports about this. Therefore, in our experience, the level of stability of most potato varieties was at an average and weak level. Only some cultivars showed relatively high stability in some years, which is clearly visible in the field experiment (fig. 2).
The data obtained provide evidence that targeted selection of genotypes with a well-expressed hypersensitive response of potato leaves to the Colorado beetle egg clutches and a high level of productivity make it possible to create qualitatively new potato cultivars. The use of a phenotypic trait for evaluating hybrid material to effectively reject Colorado beetle clutches by means of a pronounced hypersensitive response of potato leaves to them will significantly increase the effectiveness of the selection process for resistance to this pest. The combination of the necrotic resistance barrier with other
Fig. 2. The state of potato after the IV-aged larvae go into the soil for pupation. On the left, there are rows of unstable varieties treated and not treated with insecticide. On the right, rows of stable varieties
immunogenetic factors of tolerance by pyramiding protective genes will further create potato genotypes that can be grown with a significant reduction in the pesticide load on the crop.
Discussion and Conclusion The conducted research has revealed that the necrotic immunological barrier of potato resistance to the Colorado beetle is available in different manifestation rates in most of the varieties studied in the experiment. However, the level of the hypersensitive reaction of potato leaves to the egg clutches of the Colorado beetle in most varieties that have this trait is not high enough to radically reduce the damage of the insect. This seems to be the reason why there is no purposeful selection based on this trait.
Based on the data obtained and their correlation analysis, it was found that the potato resistance to the Colorado beetle and the decrease in the loss of tuber yields resulted from damage by the pest are closely related to the manifestation rate of the hypersensitive reaction of leaves to the Colorado beetle egg clutches. The use of a necrotic protective barrier and the creation of genotypes with intensive formation of necrosis in the clutch attachment zone up to the rejection of eggs from the leaf blade is a promising direction in the creation of potato varieties resistant to the Colorado beetle.
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Authors' information:
Ildar S. Mardanshin1, candidate of biological sciences, head of the potato breeding and seed production laboratory, ORCID 0000-0001-6174-5151, AuthorID 159051; +7 905 181-54-69, ildar.mardanshin1966@yandex.ru Anvar Kh. Shakirzyanov1, doctor of agricultural sciences, senior researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-8258-0648, AuthorID 158704; +7 917 430-31-59, shakirzyanof@yandex.ru
1 Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
