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12Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 11 (2017 10) 1789-1797
УДК 338.43:332.1
The Production Potential of the Agroindustrial Complex of the Siberian Federal District - the Basis for the Development of the Food Market of the Region
Yulia Yu. Suslova and Andrey V. Voloshin*
Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
Received 05.05.2017, received in revised form 31.10.2017, accepted 07.11.2017
This article analyzes production of the core types of agricultural products by the regions of the Siberian Federal District. In particular, the structure of crop areas of cereals, including wheat, oil-bearing crops, such as sunflower, field vegetables and potatoes in the farms of all categories in the Federal District regions are analyzed. The structure of the number of cattle, the production of meat, poultry, butter, cheese, milk, eggs, flour and grains of various types are analyzed separately. The studies of the production of agricultural products per capita according to the above crops and livestock products are carried out as well, the main trends and patterns in product balance and the structure ofproduction and processing by the Siberian Federal District regions are revealed.
Keywords: agriculture, agribusiness, production and processing of agricultural products, the demand for crop products and livestock.
DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0173.
Research area: economics.
The dynamics of the economic development of the Siberian Federal District, the necessity to meet the needs of the population of the Region and the country in agricultural products determine the importance of the agro-industrial complex in the context of food security and import substitution.
Ranking by the volumes of agricultural production of the Subjects of the Federation that are in the Siberian Federal District allows to identify a group of leaders: the Altai Krai (20.9 %), the Omsk Oblast (15.4 %), the Krasnoyarsk Krai (14.6 %), the Novosibirsk Oblast (13.1 %) and the Irkutsk Oblast (10.4 %). The aforementioned
regions together form more than 70 % of the volume of agricultural production in the District and are the basis of the agricultural industry of Siberia (Fig. 1).
Analysis of the structure of agricultural production shows a lower share of agricultural organizations (41.8 %), a higher proportion of households (49.3 %) and a low proportion of peasant (farm) households (8.9 %) in comparison with the Russian Federation as a whole, the same values for the country are 49.5 %, 40.5 %, 10.0 %, respectively. Within the Federal District, the Republic of Altai (24.4 %), the Republic of
© Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved
* Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected]; [email protected]
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Khakassia (14.8 %), the Omsk Oblast (14.1 %) and the Altai Krai (10.0 %) occupy a predominant position in the share of farm households. In the Krasnoyarsk Krai, for comparison, the value of this indicator is 3.7 %, and the largest share in the structure of the agricultural production of the Region is occupied by the population's households - 56.0 %.
The structure of the cultivated areas of the basic agricultural crops reflects the structure of agricultural production. In general, the Siberian Federal District accounts for 21.7 % of the area allocated for grain crops in the Russian Federation, including 25.4 % of wheat areas, 1.9 % of areas for sugar beets, 9.1 % of areas for oil crops, including 8 % of sunflower areas, 9 % of field vegetables and 17.5 % of potato areas. Within the District, the Altai Krai, the Omsk Oblast, the Novosibirsk Oblast and the Krasnoyarsk Krai occupy leading positions in cultivated areas, especially those designated for grain crops.
More clearly, the structure of cultivated areas for different crops in the SFD regions can be represented graphically in Figures 2-7.
Analysis of the use of cultivated areas allows making a conclusion that the obvious leader is the Altai Krai, which is rightly considered to be the main "breadbasket" of Siberia and its largest agro-industrial region. The Krasnoyarsk Krai is
the leader in the cultivated areas for potatoes -72.6 thousand hectares, and is also among the top five leaders in field vegetables - 8.9 thousand hectares and wheat - 678.9 thousand hectares.
The number of cattle in the Siberian Federal District is 21.53 % of the national value, including 20.92 % of cow stock, 16.06 % pig stock, and 15.35 % of sheep and goat stock. Generally, the Altai Krai, the Omsk Oblast, the Novosibirsk Oblast, the Krasnoyarsk Krai, Zabaykalsky Krai and the Republic of Buryatia are the leaders in the major types of cattle. The Tuva Republic (30.21 %), the Altai Republic (16.7 %) and the Zabaykalsky Krai (13.25 %) have a somewhat different structure for the number of sheep and goat, and are the leaders in the livestock number.
The structure of the cattle number in the regions of the SFD can be graphically demonstrated in Figure 8.
The five regions of the Siberian Federal District that are leading in the cattle number are represented by the Altai Krai - 833.3 thousand heads, the Zabaykalsky Krai, the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Novosibirsk Oblast and the Omsk Oblast, with more than 420 thousand heads in each region.
The presence of livestock number and cultivated areas in the regions of Siberia supposes local production and processing of
Name of the region Ranking
1 Altai Republic 11
Republic of Buryatia 9
3 Tuva Republic 12
4 Republic of Khakassia 10
5 Altai Krai 1
6 Zabaykalsky Krai 8
7 Krasnoyarsk Krai 3
8 Irkutsk Oblast 5
Kemerovo Oblast 6
Novosibirsk Oblast 4
Omsk Oblast 2
Tomsk Oblast 7
Relative share of regions, %
Fig. 1. Structureofagriculturalproducts in theregions oftheSFD (in households ofallcategories,in current prices), %
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hOmsk OClast Omsk Olast H 513,7 1 Tomsk Oblast Omsk Oblast H 155,1
Novosibirsk Oblast _! !
NuvosiCUsK COlast 1544,1 30,71030,7
Kamacovu Oblamt ■■■ ;96,1 Kemerovo Oblast ■■1 285,8
Irkttlltskl ObC 1 407,1 Irkutsk Oblast HI 222,6
Knasnuyalslk Krai 1539,9 Krasnoyarks Krai - 678,9
Z¡btnaKa[sKa Krat 1 143, Zabaykalsky Krai ■ 76,5
Atta Krai ■"I on 1 r> Altai Krai 1 22
Republic uVbRtiihltnspin 1 10tS,n Republic ofKhakassia 1 10,0
hnsin RahobHi: Tuva Republic 6,9
RehtlClic uVBucaocln 1 89,3 Republic ofBuiyatia 1 10,6
Aka1 lRae>uC>lic 6,9 Altai Republic 1,0
500 1000 1500 2000 2550
Fig. 5. The st5uctureof thecultivated areas for grain crops 15 tht eegiotth of Üit ate (tin houeeMcir of til hatcnerieh, thoi^ii£incllie^aessit
Fig. 3. The structure of the cultivated areas for wheat in the; re^ons ofthe uFD (in heuseholds oftill calrtif^ori^f^s, thoi^eia^nd hec(ares)
Tomsk Oblacl Omsk Obteat Novosibirsk Oblnci Kemecovo Oblacl.
Irlrutiilc Oblaat ICa^^rrof <u"slc Kai Zabnyka^slc;y Kaai Atai Kseai Repubtic oVKtRKatsia Republic of Bucyatin
0 100 500 300 400 200 600 700 800
Omsk Oblast ■ 39.11 Novosibirsk Oblast I 13g
I
KemocOvo Oblast
Incnsnoyaкsk Kaai
Rehublic of Khakassia
0,6
0 100 500 300 400 lH 600
Fig. 4. The structure of the cultivated areas for oil crois i4tlne rejtions o:f (he SFD (inlhouse^aCas of aio caSegoпrs, thousand hectarei)
Fig. 5. The structure of the cultivated areas for sunflower in the regions of the SFD (in households of all catogorios, thousand hectares)
0,1
236,5
0,1
Tomsk Oblast Omsk Oblast Novosibirsk Oblast Kemecovo Obi last Ickutsk Oblast Krasnoyarsk Kcai Zabaykalsky Krai Altai Kcai Republic ofKhakasKt huva Rthublii Republic ofBuryaiiB Altai Republic
Tomsk Oblast Omsk OObmlaskt Oblast Novo sib iask Oblast Kumerovo Oblast Irkutsk Kcai Kraknoyaisk Krai Z!sC)ayttaisky Kcai Aitai Kcai Republic ofKhakassia huva Republic Republic aVBuryatia Altai Republic
10 50 30 40 20 60 70 80
Fig. 6. The structure of the cultivated areas for field vegetag Ins in tire sFgions of1 the cFD (m households of ail calig^l^, (houseM heclares)
Fig. 7. The structure of the cultivated areas for phtetoes is re^ons oethc i^]c]l)lin hoesc;oolas oMl ca^^eac^el^s, thcuscnd hes)esss)
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■ Altai Republic
■ Republic of Buuyatia IP Tuva Republic
tt Republic of püiakassia b Altai PUai
■ ZabpyktlsOy puuti
■ Plta^i^oyisi'sk pbrai I Irkutsk Oblast
■ Kemerovo Oblast
■ Novosibirsk Oblast
■ Omsk Oblast
■ Tomsk Oblast
Fig. 8. The structure of üfeutock in She regions ef tho SFD fin farms aU all oftag ociec ao Ulte (2nd of tiieyear, thousands of heads)
Tomsk Oblatt Omsk Oblam Novosibirsk OUIssU Kemeuopo OUlast Krasnoyarsk Kuai Zabaykalsky Kuai Altai Kuai Republif ep Ktlakassia Republif ep Beluystis Altai ReApultbaliicRe
23,6
11,2 ■ 15,8
13,t
I 64,t 57,t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Tomsk Oblast Omsk OUlast Novosibirsk OUIssI Kemurovo OUlast OUlast Krai Altai Krai Republic as Khakassia Tuva ReTpuvbalicRepub0l,i2c
43,2
53,6
30,2 I 40,7 I
20,2
4,4 I 0,2
0
20
40
66,t
80
Fig. 9. The structure of production of meat and byproducts of the slaughter animals for food in the regions of the SFD, thcusand togs
Fig. 10. The structure of production of meat and by-produc1sof doultry in tire regiont oftUe SoD, thousand toys
56,3
34,8
this raw material, which leads to the growth and development of the entire agro-industrial complex of Siberia, the availability of additional jobs, the use of modern technologies in agriculture and formation of the regions' profitability.
The structure of production of the main types of raw materials and food products is represented graphically in Figures 9-14.
The main leaders in production of meat and by-products of the slaughter animals are the Omsk Oblast - 64.8 thousand tons, the Novosibirsk Oblast - 57.8 thousand tons and the Altai Krai -34.8 thousand tons (Fig. 9).
The main leaders in production of meat and by-products of poultry are the Altai Krai - 66.8 thousand tons, the Tomsk Oblast - 56.38 thousand
tons and the Novosibirsk Oblast - 53.6 thousand tons (Fig. 10).
The main leaders in production of butter and butter pastes are the Altai Krai - 16.2 thousand tons, the Omsk Oblast - 6.7 thousand tons and the Novosibirsk Oblast - 4.5 thousand tons (Fig. 11).
The main leaders in production of cheese and cheese products are Altai Krai - 71.3 thousand tons and Omsk Oblast - 28.5 thousand tons (Fig. 12).
The main leader in production of cereals and wholemeal flour is the Altai Krai - 283.4 thousand tons and the Omsk Oblast - 51.1 thousand tons (Fig. 13).
The main leader in production of cereals flour, vegetable and plant crops, and mixed vegetables
Tomsk Ublast 0,3
Omsk Oblast ■Н^Н 6,00 5
Novosibirsk Oblast ■■■ 0,5
Kemerovo Oblast ■■И з,о
Irkutsk Oblast 1 1,8
Krasnoyarsk Krai ■■■ 3,3
Altai Krai . 1 16,2
Republic of Buryatia ur 1-1 ,
Altai Republic 0,1 ! ! !
Tomsk Oblast Omsk Oblast NovosiHrsk Oblast Kemerovo Oblast Krasnoyarsk Krai Altai Krai Republic oaf Buryatia Altai Republic
0,1
2,8 0,1 0,3
0,1 0,7
28,5
200
400
71,3
80
Fig. ll.The structureofproductionofbutter andbutter paste in 1he regionrcf tlie Sf D, ШошаМ!!}!«
Fig. 12. The structure of production of cheese and cheese pro2ucts in the rer eons rf the SFD, thousand teno
0
Tomsk Oblast
Krasnoyars k Krai
Altai Krai
51,1
100
200
283,4 300
Tomsk Oblast ■ 107,0 !
Omak Oblas! 366,0
Novosibirsk Oblast ■ 100,0
Kemerovo Oblast ■ 109,2
Ио^О TЫast 9 49,0
■■osnoyaotO SKrai 205,6
Zabak0als0y SKrai 12,5
Altai SKrai
Republic oaKha]oassia 15,4
Tuva Republic 0,4
Republic orBu1yatia 1,0
Altai Republic 0,0
500
1000
1500
Fig. 13. The structure of production of flour and wholenreal flourintheregions od the SFD,thonsann tons
Fig. 10. The structure of production of flour from cereal groin, veeetaЫe and plfnt atepa, and mixed vegetables in lire regions og1he SFD thouspndtons
0
is the Altai Krai - 1246.9 thousand tons and the Omsk Oblast - 366.4 thousand tons and the KrasnoyarskKrai - 245.6 thousand tons(Fig. 14).
The analysis of production of the main crop and livestock products per capita in the context of the SFD regions is of the greatest interest for the study.
The analysis of the structure of the main crop products production per capita in the context of the regionsofthe SFD demonstrated thatthe production of grain andleguminouscropsinthe SFD in general is behind the indicators for the Russian Federation - 674 kg per capita, versus 721 kg in the country. In the Krasnoyarsk Krai the production is 773 kg per capita, which exceeds the national average.
The analysis of the structure of potato production per capita in the context of the SFD regions showed that the SFD as a whole is ahead of the Russian Federation - 276 kg per capita, against 216 kg for the country. The production in the Krasnoyarsk Krai is 405 kg per capita, which exceeds the values for both the SFD and the country as a whole. Analysis ofthe structure of vegetables production per capita in the context oftheregionsof theSFD showed that the SFD asa wholeis not ahead of the indicators for the Russian Federation - 79 kg per capita, versus 106 kg for the country. The production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 76 kg per capita, which does not exceed the value of both the SFD and the country as a whole. More clearly, the given
[43 83 24
305
□ Alta Republic
□ Altai Krai
□ Komorooo OUIisC
■ Republic of Buryatta
□ Zabaykalsky Krai
□ Novosibirsk OUIisC
3 Tuva RnpuUlio 3 Krasnoyarsk Krai ] Omsk OUlasi
Republic of Khakassia
□ Irkutsk OUlasi
□ Tomsk Oblast
Fig. 15. The structure of grain and leguminous crops production in the regions of the SFD per capita, kg
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
□ Aliai Republic
□ Aliai Krai
■ Kemerooo OUlasi
■ Republic of BueyaCth
■ Zabaykalsky Krai
■ Novosibirsk OUIisC
^ Tuva Republic Krasnoyarsk Krai I Omsk Oblast
Republic of Khakassia
□ Irkutsk OUIisC
□ Tomsk Oblast
Fig. 16. The structareof" potatoproductionin theregions of tiieSFD^r capiïa, ;g
structure in the context of regions will be graphically illustrated in Figures 15-17.
The largest production of grain and leguminous crops by the regions of the SFD per capita is in the Omsk Oblast - 1587 kg, the Altai Krai - 1380 kg and the Krasnoyarsk Krai - 773 kg per capita (Fig. 15).
The largest potato production in the regions of the SFD percapita is represented in the Omsk Oblast - 408 kg, Krasnoyarsk Krai - 405 kg and the Altai Krai - 366 kg per capita (Fig. 16).
The largest production of vegetables in the regions of the SFD per capita is in the Omsk Region - 127 kg, in the Republic of Khakassia 116 kg and in the Altai Krai - 92 kg per capita (Fig. 17).
Further, the production of basic livestock products per capita in the context of the SFD regions will be analyzed.
- 1794 -
The analysis of the structure of production of the main livestock products per capita in the context of the regions of the SFD showed that in production of livestock and meat for slaughter in the SFD is behind the indicators in the Russian Federation - 60 kg per capita, versus 62 kg in the country. The production in the Krasnoyarsk Krai is 45 kg per capita, which is lower than the national average.
The analysis of the structure of milk production per capita in the context of the regions of the SFD showed that the SFD as a whole is ahead of the indicators of the Russian Federation -279 kg per capita, versus 211 kg in the country. The production in the Krasnoyarsk Krai is 254 kg per capita, which is above the national average. The analysis of the structure of egg production per capita in the context of the regions of the SFD showed that the SFD as a whole is ahead
140 150 100
■ Altai Republic □ Altai Krai ■ Kemerovo Oblast ■ Republic of Buiyatia ■ Zabaykalsky Krai ■ Novosibirsk Oblast ■ Tuva Republic □ Republic of Khakassia ■ Krasnoyarsk Krai □ Irkutsk Oblast ■ Omsk Oblast ■ Tomsk Oblast
Fig. 17. The sbrucbure of veaetiala production m shr rroions of Ohe SKD per kg
160 140 150
100 80 60 40 50 0
T45 45 41
I-M-1 - 33
■ Altai Republic ■ Republic of Buryatia □ Tuva Republic □ Republic of Khakassia
□ Altai Krai □ Zabaykalsky Krai ■ Krasnoyarsk Krai □ Irkutsk Oblast
■ Kemerovo Oblast ■ Novosibirsk Oblast ■ Omsk Oblast ■ Tomsk Oblast
Fig. 18. The structure of production of livestock and poultry for slaughter in the regions of the SFD per capita, kg
80
60
700 905 10! 400 300 500 100 0
□ Altai Republic
□ Altai Krai
□ Kemerovo Oblast
■ Republic of Buryatia □ ZaCaykalsky Krai
■ Novosibirsk Oblast
U huva Republic n Krasfoyarsk Krai ■ Omsk Oblast
□ Republic of Khakassia
□ Irkutsk Oblast
□ Tomsk Oblast
Fig 19. The structure of milk production in the regions of the SFD per capita, kg
of the Russian Federation - 328 per capita, versus 287 in the country. The production in the Krasnoyarsk Krai is 277 units per capita, which does not exceed the values of both the SFD and the country as a whole. More clearly, the given structure in the context of regions is graphically illustrated in Figures 18-20.
the largest production of livestock and houltryVor slaughter per capita in the regions of the SFD is in the Altai Republic - 140 kg, the Altai Krai - 101 kg and the Omsk Oblast - 95 kg per capita (Fig. 18).
the largest production of milk per capita in the regions of the SFD is in the Altai Krai - 193
■ Altai Republic ■ Republic of Buryatia ■ Tuva Republic □ Republic of Khakassia □ Altai Krai QZabaykalskyKrai ■ Krasnoyarsk Krai □ Irkutsk Oblast
■ Kemerovo Oblast ■Novosibirsk Oblast ■OmskOblast □ Tomsk Oblast
Fig. 20. The structured feggs production in the regions of the SFDpercapita,eg gs
kg, Omsk Oblast - 359 kg and the Republic of Khakassia - 358 kg per capita (Fig. 19).
The largest production of eggs per capita in the SFD is represented in the Novosibirsk Oblast - 458 eggs, the Altai Krai - 456 eggs and the Omsk Oblast - 403 eggs per capita (Fig. 20).
Thus, the development of production and processing in the agro-industrial sector of the regions of Siberia forms a significant value from
the total volume of the country. In many ways Siberia supplies itself and neighboring regions with agricultural products, which allows to develop this economy sector steadily, despite economic difficulties, specific features of this market, the availability of imposed sanctions on a number of food products and other factors that determine development of the agro-industrial complex.
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Потенциал производства агропромышленного комплекса
Сибирского федерального округа -
основа развития рынка продовольствия региона
Ю.Ю. Суслова, А.В. Волошин
Сибирский федеральный университет Россия, 660041, Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79
В данной статье проводится анализ производства основных видов продукции сельского хозяйства по регионам Сибирского федерального округа. В частности, проводится анализ структуры посевных площадей зерновых культур, в т.ч. пшеницы, масличных культур, в т.ч. подсолнечника, овощей открытого грунта, картофеля, в хозяйствах всех категорий по регионам федерального округа. Отдельно анализируется структура поголовья крупного рогатого скота, производства мяса, птицы, масла сливочного, сыров, молока, яйца, муки и круп различных видов.
Также проводится исследование производства продукции сельского хозяйства в расчете на душу населения по указанным выше видам продукции растениеводства и животноводства, выявляются основные тенденции и закономерности в продуктовом балансе и структуре производства и переработки по регионам Сибирского федерального округа.
Ключевые слова: сельское хозяйство, агропромышленный комплекс, производство и переработка сельскохозяйственной продукции, потребность населения в продукции растениеводства и животноводства.
Научная специальность: 08.00.00 - экономические науки.
