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220ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
THE PROBLEM OF THE CATEGORY OF CASE IN MODERN
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1 2 Abeuova A.M. , Zhaxybayeva A.M.
1Abeuova Aizhan Muratovna - Master of philological sciences, Teacher;
2Zhaxybayeva Assel Maralovna - Master of pedagogical sciences, Teacher, RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT, ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION FACULTY, KARAGANDA STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KARAGANDA, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the article is devoted to investigation of the category of case in English language. The historical development of English case is presented in this research. The peculiarities, differences between English and Kazakh cases and common features between two languages were analyzed.
Keywords: noun; preposition, category of case; Old English, Middle and Modern English Language Periods; analytical way.
Case is the inflected form of the noun, indicates the grammatical relation in which the noun stands to other parts of the sentence. The problem of English case has always been much debated and has become one of the vexed problems of the theoretical discussion.
The aim of work is to prove the existence of more than two cases in English language comparing with the Kazakh language. There are a lot of opinions according to the category of case in the English language. That's why this question is problematic.
Generally, diachronic study shows that old English period had 4 cases (nominative, genitive, dative and accusative) [1]. In Middle English period concerning to the peculiar properties of the part of speech instead of the 4 cases only 2 cases (common and genitive) were formed [2]. Nowadays the problem of the category of case in English grammar is a complex issue. Therefore, the number of scientists (I.P. Krylova, E.M. Gordon, N.A. Korbina, E.A. Korneeva, M.I. Ossovskaya, K.A. Guzeeva, K.N. Kachalova, E.E. Izrailelevich, T.A. Barabash, I.G. Koshevaya, B.S. Khaimovich, B.I. Rogovskaya) are agree with the afforested statement. They say that English language has only 2 cases (common and genitive).
According to M.Y. Blokh and Maks Doichbein the category of English case was divided into 4 (nominative, vocative, dative and accusative). Lindley Murray denotes 5 types of cases (nominative, genitive, dative accusative, locative and instrumental). The authors of Oxford dictionaries represent 6 types of cases (agent, original, genitive, locative, actual and objective) [3].
By Australian academic John Lions the number of case was divided into seven. 1. Nominative: Bill came very late. 2. Genitive: It's Harry's book. 3. Dative: John gave the book to John. 4. Accusative: John killed Bill. 5. Instrumental: He came with the girl.
6. Agentive: Bill was killed by John with the knife. 7. Communicative: John went to town with Mary. According to M.Y. Blokh and Maks Doichbein the category of case can be given by the analytical way with the help of prepositions [4].
By this point of view comparing with Kazakh language we can divide English cases into
7. 1. Nominative case (without preposition) is used for a noun or pronoun which is the subject of a verb. E.g.: Better a new friend than old for (nominative case is a friend). The function is subject. 2. Genitive case (of, for+noun) is used to indicate a relationship of ownership or association with a person, rather than a thing. E.g.: It is a good map of town (genitive case is of town). The function is an adjective. 3. Dative case (to, for +noun). Generally is used to show the receiver of the action, most often an
indirect object in the sentence. For example: Success doesn't come to you, you go to it. The function is indirect object. 4. Accusative case. It is given with the word order. The main function is to show the direct object of the verb. For example: I had a monumental idea this morning, but I didn't like it. 5. Locative case expresses the location of someone or something in space, in time, or in abstract domain. E.g.: She possesses a house. The function is object. 6. Original case. The form is (from+noun). E.g.: Duty is what one expects from others. The function is adverbial modifier. 7. Instrumental case. The form is (with, by+noun). It is used to describe the instrument by which action is performed. For instance, the America was discovered by Columbus.
In conclusion we want to say that the number of case in English language as a Kazakh language can be seven. If Kazakh cases are given with the help of affixes, English cases can be given with the help of prepositions. Maybe the amount of cases is more than seven but our aim is to prove that English language has more than 2 cases.
References
1. Rastorgueva T.A. The history of English language: Textbook / T.A. Rastorgueva. 2nd edition. M.: LLC "Publishing house Astrel", 2002. 352 p.
2. Smirniskyi A.I. English lectures according to history of English language (middle and modern period). M.: "Dobrosovet", 2000. 238 p.
3. Hazlit, The spirit of the Age, 1825. 119 p.
4. Blokh M.Ya. Theoretical grammar of the English language (middle and modern period). Moscow. "High school", 2000.
