CC BY
2
УДК 332
Xadjamurodova M.X.
Andijan State Medical Institute Uzbekistan, Andijan THE PROBLEM OF INFORMATIZATION OF SOCIETY
Abstract: This article discusses the problem of informatization of society.
Keywords: society, information, person, factor, culture
Scientific definition of information is given quite simply, if we assume that information is a dynamic object that does not exist in nature in itself, but is formed during the interaction of data and methods. It exists exactly as long as this interaction lasts, and all the rest of the time is in the form of data.
Information is the product of the interaction of data and methods, considered in the context of this interaction.
In this definition, nothing is said about the form in which the data is presented, it can be absolutely any. If the data is graphic, and the interaction method is observations, then visual information is generated. if the data is text or speech, and the method of their consumption is listening reading, text information is formed. And can text data be graphic information? Of course, yes, if it is not a method of reading that is applied to them, but a method of observation.
In our definition, it is important to clarify "... considered in the context of this interaction". Let's give some examples of why this is really important. It is known that books are data warehouses. They are designed to obtain information by reading. But if you try different books to touch or taste, then you can also get information. Such methods will make it possible to distinguish books made in leather, cardboard and paper bindings. Of course, these are not the methods that were supposed by the authors of the books, but they also give information, although not complete.
Analyzing the information value of newspapers, magazines, TV shows, we can conclude that it depends both on the data and on the methods by which their consumption is carried out. It's one thing to carefully review a television movie, listening to every word, and completely different to watch it while talking on the phone.
Carriers of data:
Data - the dialectic component of information. They are registered signals. At the same time, the physical method of registration can be anything: mechanical movement of physical bodies, changing electrical, magnetic, optical characteristics, chemical composition and (or) the nature of chemical bonds, changing the state of the system, and much more.
In accordance with the method of registration, data can be stored and transported on media of various types. The most common data carrier, although not the most economical, seems to be paper. On paper, data are recorded by changing the optical characteristics of its surface. The change in optical properties (the change in the reflection coefficient of the surface over a certain wavelength range) is also used in devices recording with a laser beam on plastic reflective coating media (CD-
ROM). As carriers, using the change in magnetic properties, one can name magnetic tapes and disks. Recording data by changing the chemical composition of the surface substances of the carrier is widely used in photography. At the biochemical level, there is an accumulation and transmission of data in living nature.
Data Operations:
During the information process, the data is converted from one type to another using methods. Data processing involves many different operations. As the development of scientific and technological progress and the general complication of ties in human society, the labor costs for data processing are steadily increasing. First of all, this is due to the constant complication of the conditions for the management of production and society. The second factor, which also causes a general increase in the volume of processed data, is also related to scientific and technological progress, namely, the rapid appearance and introduction of new data carriers, storage and data delivery. In the structure of possible operations with data, the following main ones can be distinguished:
1. Data collection - the accumulation of data in order to ensure sufficient completeness of information for decision-making;
2. Formalization of data - bringing data from different sources to the same form to make them comparable, that is, to increase their level of accessibility;
3. Data filtering - screening of "superfluous" data in which there is no need for decision-making; at the same time, the level of "noise" should decrease, and the reliability and adequacy of the data should increase;
4. Data sorting - ordering data according to a given characteristic for the convenience of use; increases the availability of information;
5. Grouping data - combining data for a given feature in order to increase usability; increases the availability of information;
6. Data archiving - organization of data storage in a convenient and easily accessible form; serves to reduce the economic costs of data storage and increases the overall reliability of the information process as a whole;
7. Data protection - a set of measures aimed at preventing the loss, reproduction and modification of data;
8. Data transport - reception and transmission (delivery and delivery) of data between remote participants of the information process; while the source of data in computer science is usually called the server, and the consumer - the client;
9. Data conversion - transfer of data from one form to another or from one structure to another. Data conversion is often associated with a change in media type, for example books can be stored in plain paper form, but you can use both an electronic form and a microfilm. The need for multiple data conversions also arises when they are transported, especially if it is carried out by means not intended to transport this type of data. As an example, it may be mentioned that for the transport of digital data streams through telephone network channels (which were initially oriented only to the transmission of analog signals in a narrow frequency range), it is necessary to convert the digital data into a kind of sound signal, which is what special devices - telephone modems.
The list of typical operations with data given here is far from complete. Millions of people all over the world are engaged in creating, processing, transforming the transportation of data, and at each workplace are performing their own specific operations necessary to manage social, economic, industrial, scientific and cultural processes. A complete list of possible operations can not be made, and it is not necessary. Now another conclusion is important to us: working with information can be very labor-intensive, and it needs to be automated.
Basic data structures:
Working with large sets of data is easier to automate when the data is ordered, that is, form a given structure. There are three main types of data structures: linear, hierarchical and tabular.
Linear structures are well-known lists. A list is a simple data structure, characterized in that the address of each data item is uniquely determined by its number. Putting scattered books on separate pages, we create a list structure, since all the students of the group are registered in it under their unique numbers. We call the numbers unique because two students with the same number can not be registered in the same group.
Linear data structures (lists) are ordered structures in which the address of an element is uniquely determined by its number.
We are also familiar with the data tables, it is enough to recall the known multiplication table. Tabular structures differ from the list structures in that the data elements are determined by the address of the cell, which consists not of one parameter, as in lists, but of several. For a multiplication table, for example, the cell address is determined by the row and column numbers. The necessary cell is at their intersection, and the element is selected from the cell.
Tabular data structures (matrices) are ordered structures in which the address of an element is determined by the row number and column number, at the intersection of which there is a cell containing the element to be searched for.
Irregular data, which is difficult to present as a list or table, is often represented in the form of hierarchical structures. With similar structures we are very familiar with everyday life. The hierarchical structure has a system of postal addresses. Similar structures are also widely used in scientific systematization and all sorts of classifications.
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