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7ния, систематического и целенаправленного развития личности будущего вокалиста.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Среди приоритетных задач музыкального образования в условиях многонационального государства актуальной является реализация регионального компонента образования, приведение его в соответствие с требованиями времени и общими задачами развития страны в XXI веке. Репертуарное разнообразие вокального творчества крымских композиторов раскрывает многонациональные особенности крымского полуострова, формирует культурно-музыкальную среду, ориентирует молодых исполнителей в современном жанровом и стилевом пространстве. В статье рассматривается современное состояние вокального творчества композиторов Крымского региона.
Ключевые слова: крымские композиторы, вокальное творчество, музыкальный репертуар, жанровое разнообразие.
SUMMARY
Among the priority tasks of music education in a multi-ethnic state is the implementation of the regional component of education, bringing it into line with the requirements of the time and the general objectives of the development of the country in the XXI century. The repertoire variety of creativity of the Crimean composers reveals the multinational features of the Crimean peninsula, forms the cultural and musical environment, orients young performers in the modern genre and style space. The article provides an analysis of the current state of the compositional creativity of the Crimean region.
Key words: Crimean composers, vocal work, musical repertoire, genre diversity.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Аверина Н. В. Проблема репертуара в детском вокально-хоровом исполнительстве: ав-тореф. дисс____канд. искусств. - М., 1996. - 21 с.
2. Белозерова Г. И. Принципы формиро-ва-ния репертуара: к вопросу о репертуарной политике: матер. науч.-пед. конф. - Красноярск: КНУЦ, 2016. - 85 с.
3. Вокальный репертуар в музыкальной школе / сост. В. Беляева. - М.: Мир и Музыка, 1998. - Вып. 1 - 128 с.
4. Джеппарова А. Б. Композиторы Крыма [Электронный ресурс] // Сайт Инфоурок // икЬ: https://infourok.ru/prezentaciya-po-vneurochnoy-deyatelnosti-kultura-dobrososedstva-na-temu-kompozitori-krimaklass-2584832.html(дата обращения: 04.06.2019).
5. Измайлова Л. П. Ознакомление учащихся с творчеством композиторов Крыма [Электронный ресурс] // сайт Инфоурок // ияЬ: http:static.klasnaocinka.com.ua/uploads/ eШtor/390/342123/sitepage_П9/ffles/oznakomleme _uchaschihsya_s_tvorchestvom_kompozitorov_ куит - (дата обращения: 12.06.2019).
6. Сухина Е. Композиторы Крыма [Электронный ресурс] // Сайт СМУ им. П. Чайковского // иКЬ: http:smuimpich.ru/index.php /novosti/1002-kompozitory-kryma-elena-sukhina -
- (дата обращения:28.05.2019).
7. Тимофеева Л. Песни крымских композиторов [Электронный ресурс] - ИКЬ: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B55EB Е6Б182Б59Р - (дата обращения: 30.05.2019).
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N. A. Delvig, L. I. Redkina
УДК [377: 93]: 359
THE PRECONDITIONS OF
MARITIME EDUCATIONAL
ESTABLISHMENTS
FOUNDATION
AND DEVELOPMENT
IN NOVOROSSIYSK PROVINCE
IN THE 19th CENTURY
I he historical and pedagogical analysis of events occurring in the 19th century is considered to be an important methodological tool of scientific research. In our case, such an analysis helps
to install the connections between the process of founding the Maritime educational establishments in the Crimea and the northern Black Sea region and their further development. The necessity of creating such educational establishments in the mentioned area is explained by the fact of active military-strategic development of the region caused be the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 1783, which finally fortified the dominating position of the Russian Empire on the Black Sea.
The article is focused on indicating and stating the most significant historical events that took place in Novorossiysk area in the researched period that preceded the necessity of founding and developing the system of maritime educational establishments throughout the 19th century.
According to the opinion of the majority of specialists today there are no definite views on Maritime educational establishments creation reasons on the territory of Novorossiysk Region. In addition, determining the preconditions is always connected with accumulating historical facts or changing the social ideology. The basis of the preconditions determination in general may be represented by universal history of mankind, the history of countries, civilizations, major events, the lives and activities of individuals, etc. The main aim of this is to streamline the structure, systematize knowledge about historical events, processes, personalities. Thus, the preconditions are basically determined by the content of the process and the chronology. In some countries and regions since ancient times, the historical significance is determined by the period of ruling the influential dynasties, in the others by important wars (battles), sometimes by the policy conducted by the dominant political parties. In some cases is it just connected with changing state political system caused by the revolutionary views and activities.
In such a way, using the principles of determining the preconditions of developing the Maritime establishments in Novorossiysk region we may come to the conclusion that the entire process will fully depend on technical progress, state priorities in the area and military conflicts
such as the Crimean War (1854-1855) and the Russian-Japanese war (1904-1905).
Thus, the fact of maritime education foundation and development in the south of Russia in general is considered to be not only one of the most important components of the Russian governmental personnel policy but also a dynamic process that purely demonstrates the modification of Marine education concept in Novorossiysk Region in the 19th century.
The clear tendency of state policy concerning the development of the northern Black Sea region and Crimean territories made it possible to determine from our point of view relatively precise stages of the maritime education system foundation and development, which, first of all, suggested the creation of specialized military schools to staff the Black Sea Fleet with qualified personnel of both command officers and ordinary compliment in order to increase combat readiness.
Moreover the same fact refers to creation the civilian Maritime schools which is tired to the fact that the region had to be developed not only strategically but economically as well for which fortifying the merchant connections with the help of qualified seafarers could be a great bonus. Moreover, civilian specialists could not only fulfill their professional duties in the field of commercial marine shipping passenger service but they could also serve onboard the auxiliary ships which were staffed by civilian sailors only.
Having emerged extremely clear at the beginning of the 18th century, the influence of the Naval factor on the fate of Russia, and subsequently on the course of the integration processes in the territories strategically important for the Empire, continued until the beginning of the 20th century. Analyzing the state significance of expanding the Russian southern borderlines, on March 22, 1764, Catherine II issued a decree on the foundation the a new administrative unit -Novorossiysk Province, which historically united the southern areas of the Russian Empire, to which the Crimea was annexed in 1783.
The preconditions for founding and developing marine education system in the researched region were laid down long before the period of Russian active struggle for the Black Sea access.
Russia clearly demonstrated its active strategic and economic interest in the Black Sea region in the early 18th century, which was determined by the following main factors:
1. The Russian Imperial government desired to gain the access to the Mediterranean through the Bosphorus for installing and fortifying the merchant connections.
2. On achieving the commercial goals, outstanding Russian military leaders and politicians confirmed the need for the earliest integration of the annexed territory into both the strategic, cultural and educational space of the Russian Empire [4].
In 1790, one of the founders of the Black Sea Fleet, the first Governor-General of Novorossiysk region Prince Potemkin outlined the proposals for the development of a new territory and its intensive integration to the Russian Imperial space in a memorandum to Catherine II, which subsequently determined the basic political tendencies as well as military-strategic, economic, cultural and educational development priorities of Novorossiysk Region.
The following items were proposed:
1. To staff the fleet with qualified personnel trained locally due to the specifics of local economy and strategic interests. To improve the system of personnel practical combat training;
2. To build the enterprises of defense military complex in the city of Kherson according to the necessity of producing the artillery equipment locally;
3. To establish woodworking enterprises in Sevastopol for producing the sailing vessels and expanding the net of shipyards and dockyards;
4. To bring the center of shipbuilding industry from Kherson to Nikolaev, due to the geographical advantage of the harbors;
5. To found educational establishments for training navigators, engineers and shipbuilders in Nikolaev [5].
Once the Russian journalist and state public leader N. N. Shavrov, analyzing the importance of the northern Black Sea region and the Crimea on the pages of the Maritime Journal in 1862, wrote that expanding the sea borderlines and developing the merchant shipping gave certain economical and military priorities to Russia and thus increased its international reputation [6, p. 6].
The opinion concerning the necessity of Navy for the state development was first expressed in the era of Peter the Great when it became obvious that «the military fleet is the concentration of all the best that the state possesses, and its level mostly clearly indicates the scientific and technical state potential» [1, p. 220]. By the middle of the 19 century the representatives of Russian naval elite distinctively insisted that once the Russian Empire will be judged «according to its final achievements in political and economic development and the final conclusions will be made by looking at the flag hoisted above the Naval ships. So once it will become the best indication and the state progress will be reflected as if in the mirror» [1, p. 222].
According to the majority of marine specialists, the state of shipbuilding is an important indicator of the country's economic development. Thus, the Commander of the Black and Azov Naval Forces, Captain A. V. Dombrovsky stated that having examined carefully any ship of any kind and having paid attention to the shipyard labels that any ship is stamped with, one can with certain accuracy having no idea of what country the ship belongs to make an opinion about the economic and military potential of this state and about the level of industrial developing and the condition of industry in general [2, p. 155].
For creating and developing shipbuilding and the naval infrastructure, it is necessary to train a sufficient number of qualified specialists at all levels, which causes the need of founding maritime educational establishments in Novorossiysk region not only as centers of training the naval personnel, but also as centers of marine science and art development.
In the book entitled «The Russian fleet among the world naval forces by 1914» A. V. Dombrovsky, analyzing the historical processes of developing the Navy, concluded that if we thought about the sequence of historical events from Peter the Great era to the present day, one could say that Russia had won many times over different contestants, but it only gained significant benefits for itself when it turned out to be stronger than its enemies at sea, which had not been possible without highly qualified maritime personnel and compliment, which once again confirmed the necessity of
creating Maritime educational establishments in the region that had always been potentially perspective for the Russian Empire [2, p. 154-155].
Climatic conditions of Novorossiysk Region also played a favorable role. The non-freezing Black Sea is a suitable area for shipyards, so Russia could easily refuse to build and repair its ships in Europe. Moreover, the positive perspectives for the development of both civilian and military shipbuilding in the southern imperial territories became quite obvious. Being based on this fact, highlighting the advantages of creating maritime educational establishments in southern Russia, the following factors can be considered as the main ones:
1. Geopolitical (conveniently located non-freezing sea, geographical location of the researched region which greatly contributed to developing the system of practical combat training making it annual and the opportunity to conduct it far beyond the Black Sea).
2. Social and economic (the possibility of expanding the network of railroads, shipyards and industrial enterprises; well-developed fleet infrastructure and technical basis that caused the rapid expansion of the personnel quantity which was much better to train locally making the future specialists acquainted with all the local social and economic conditions);
3. Cultural (the possibility of conducting military historical researches, the availability of maritime libraries and museums which increased the quality of training the cadets carrying out the upbringing and educational function which are considered to be the basic factors of military education).
Thus, it seems possible to conclude that the necessity of creating the maritime educational establishments in Novorossiysk region was caused by:
- the needs of the intensively expanding Black Sea Fleet in qualified military personnel, mainly shipbuilders, navigators, engineers;
- the intensification of trade and economic connections with the European countries, which proved the need of training the highly qualified seamen not only for the Navy but for the merchant marine including those capable to conduct the passenger transportation;
- increasing the general cultural level of Novorossiysk Province population, who demonstra-
ted their interest in education, in particular, the maritime.
The educational establishments opened in the 19th century in Novorossiysk Province demonstrated the high quality of training the maritime specialists. For example, among the graduates of the Black Sea Navigators School are captain-lieutenant A. I. Kazarsky - commander of the «Mercury» ship; Shipbuilding department Chairman, marine engineer, Lieutenant-General S. I. Chernyavsky; director of the Black Sea and Azov lighthouses, the author of «The Black and Azov Seas Atlas» Major General E. P. Man-ganari; Inspector of the Black Sea Navigating Company, translator of «Practical Astronomy», Captain-Lieutenant P. T. Sizov.
In the list of graduates of the Black Sea navigators' company are the Chief Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and its Ports, Admiral N. А. Arkas; Nikolaev mayor, participant of the defense of Sevastopol V. A. Datsenko; member of the defense of Sevastopol, Rear admiral M. K. Selistrov; Head of Marine Ministry Printing House, Captain S. I. Nedelkovich.
Among the well-known graduates of the Naval Artillery School are Sevastopol military governor, Rear Admiral A. A. Klyuchnikov; Marine Ministry Artillery Directorate Chief, member of the Admiralty Council, Lieutenant-General V. N. Mes-heryakov; the Baltic Fleet Junior flagship, Rear Admiral P. A. Rodionov [3].
Consequently, taking into consideration the high quality of training the representatives of the future Naval elite in the Black Sea Maritime educational establishments, the Maritime Ministry strongly supported and contributed to developing the specialized Maritime educational establishments system in Novorossiysk Province.
REFERENCES
1. В.П. Очерки истории культуры Южного Прибужья (От истоков до начала XX в. -Николаев: Тетра, 2000. - Кн. 1. - 211 c.
2. Крючков А. В. Присоединение Крыма к России и начальный этап его включения в общеимперское пространство (последняя треть Болтрукевич В. А. Развитие Императорского Российского флота во второй половине XIX века в восприятии военно-морских кругов: дисс. ... канд. ист. наук. - М., 2014. - 342 с.
3. Домбровский А. В. Русский флот в ряду мировых морских сил к 1914 г. // Российский военный флот. - СПб, 1914. - 158 с.
4. Ковалева О.Ф., Чистов XVIII - начало XIX вв.): дисс. ... канд. ист. наук. - Саратов, 2006. - 218 с.
5. Скаловский Р. К. Жизнь адмирала Ф. Ф. Ушакова. - СПб, 1856. - 404 с.
6. Шавров Н. Пребывание адмирала Ушакова в Севастополе с 1791 по 1798 год // Морской сборник. - 1862. - Т. 62 - № 9. - С. 3-62.
SUMMARY
The results of historical and pedagogical analysis of the process of foundation and development of the Maritime educational establishments system that were successfully functioning in the south of Russia are represented in the present article. Their significance in the sphere of training both the military and the civilian maritime specialists is proved. Thus, the article is aimed at researching and analyzing the certain historical events and processes stimulating the expansion of Maritime educational establishments on the territory of Novorossiysk Province in the context of bringing forward the political, economical, educational interests of the Russian Imperial government.
Key words: maritime educational establishments, strategic and economic interests, maritime personnel training, historical preconditions, educational concept.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье приводятся результаты историко-педагогического анализа процесса становления и развития системы морских учебных заведений, успешно функционировавших на юге Российской империи, а также обосновaна их значимость в деле подготовки как военных, так и гражданских морских специалистов. Таким образом, целью данной статьи является выявление и анализ конкретных исторических событий и процессов, стимулирующих рост числа морских учебных заведений на территории Новороссийского края в контексте реализации политических, стратегических, экономических и образовательных интересов правительства Российской империи.
Ключевые слова: морские учебные заведения, стратегические и экономические интересы, подготовка морских специалистов, исторические предпосылки, образовательная концепция.
А. А. Исаев
УДК 378.147
ИГРОВОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КАК СРЕДСТВО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ГОТОВНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ К ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт высшего образования (ФГОС ВО) обращает особое внимание на подготовку высококвалифицированных специалистов в области педагогической деятельности, способных решать различные профессиональные задачи, нестандартно мыслить, быть готовым к выполнению различного рода исследований и проектных работ.
Целью данной статьи является анализ особенностей игрового моделирования в активизации познавательной деятельности обучающихся при изучении различных учебных дисциплин.
Проблема профессиональной готовности студентов к педагогической деятельности -это одна из непреходящих проблем на современном этапе как в теоретических обоснованиях, так и в практике. Успешное ее решение имеет актуальное значение для самой личности и для общества в целом, которое в настоящее время нуждается в инициативных людях, имеющих активную жизненную позицию, обладающих нестандартным мышлением, креативным подходом к анализу и рассмотрению предлагаемой ситуации.
В педагогической теории и практике накоплен достаточно богатый опыт профессиональной подготовки педагогов, который рассматривается в трудах В. П. Беспалько [2], С. М. Марковой [9], А. И. Щербакова [16] и др. Анализ современных научных подходов показал, что профессиональная подготовка -это процесс овладения системой специальных знаний, общими и специфическими уме-
