CC BY
57
DOI 10.18551/rjoas.2019-11.05
THE POTENTIALS OF CAPTURE FISHERIES COMMODITIES FOR MEETING THE NEEDS OF TOURISM SECTOR IN CENTRAL BANGKA REGENCY
OF INDONESIA
Valeriani Devi*, Wibawa Dian Prihardini, Lecturers Faculty of Economics, Bangka Belitung University, Indonesia
Saputra Herry Marta, Lecturer Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Biology, Bangka Belitung University, Indonesia
*E-mail: deviyono92@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In 2010, Central Bangka Regency was one of 197 regencies in Indonesia designated by The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries as a minapolitan area in the Bangka Belitung Island Province. The potential of agriculture,marine and fisheries in Central Bangka Regency is very large, so it needs to be supported by a variety of policies, programs and development activities in the marine and fisheries sector in order to suport the tourism sector in order to support the tourism sector as to realize community independence. The support of the capture fisheries sector in meeting the needs of tourist, hotels, restaurants, culinary and souvenirs of processed fish is very much needed. This study uses the Location Question (LQ) approach with secondary data to determine the minapolitan potential of capture fisheries as ab effort to meet the needs of the tourism sector.The result in this study states that 50 % of the small pelagic fish catagories have an LQ Value > 1, 42,85% of the large pelagic fish catagory have LQ Value> 1, 57.69 %the demersal fish catagory has an LQ Value >1. 71,52 % of the reef fish catagory had an LQ Value>1, 60% of the hard-skinned fish catagory had an LQ Value> 1, and 50% for the soft-bodied fish catagory had anLQValue>1. These results indicate that 55,35% of capture fisheries commodities in Central Bangka Regency have been able to meet the needs of the tourism sector area.
KEY WORDS
Capture fisheries, main commodities, tourism sector, public service.
The fisheries sector has the potential to become a prime mover and plays an important role for the economy, especially the national economy, but has not been managed optimally. The management is still based on the principles of integration, efficiency, quality and acceleration(Aswanah et al., 2013). Planning for optimal utilization of fisheries and marine resources must be based on the potential of existing resources (Arifin & Suryawati, 2013; Kumaat et al., 2013). One of the fisheries sectors which is expected to be a leading sector is the capture fisheries sector. Sustainability of capture fisheries on an ecological basis is an important part of capture fisheries development (Abdullah et al., 2011; Tibrani, 2018). Fisheries production in the capture fisheries sector in Indonesia is mostly derived from small-scale or traditional fishing businesses using small boats so that the reach is limited and relatively small (Antika et al., 2014; Nurkholis et al., 2016; Cikitha et al., 2018). The development of fisheries must be designed and formulated as fully as possible to be able to face various kinds of challenges (Wahyuningrum et al., 2012).
The results of studies of various researchers stated that the main problem of small scale capture fisheries business actors is the limited assets and capital, seasonality and the risk of uncertainty due to limited information and data (Koeshendrajana et al., 2012). Hastuti et al. (2013) concluded, distant fishing ground can have an impact on increasing time to sea, the situation has a negative impact on the level of income of fishermen. Revenue aspect as a strategic key to the success of fishing business through marketing outputs, with the hope of being able to obtain an indication of fishing business activities can be done with efficient,
effective and rational (Mulyanto & Subekti, 2010; Nazira et al., 2015). In addition, problems faced by fishermen in general are limited capital for fishermen to improve their businesses, low quality of human resources where the level of education / skills possessed by fishermen is low, and weak supervision (Aswanah et al., 2013). In an effort to create sustainable management, identification of various factors that influence must also be known so that improvements can be made towards a better direction (Radarwati et al., 2010; Nurkholis et al., 2016).
Indonesia has a vast and strategically significant sea area as a pillar of national economic development. Besides having economic value, marine resources also have ecological benefits. The geo-economic and geo-political conditions make the marine sector an important sector in national development. For this reason, this potential must be optimally and sustainably utilized (Panhwar et al., 2012; Maradong, 2016). In addition to being a source of community income, the capture fisheries sector is a mainstay for coastal communities as a source of livelihood (Asiati & Nawawi, 2016). In 2011, the number of capture fisheries households increased 0.86 percent or reached 920,129 households (KKP, 2012). The fishing community itself is a coastal community group whose main livelihood is fishing in the sea (Ma'arif et al., 2016; Tibrani, 2018).
Central Bangka Regency is one of the newly established districts in the Bangka Belitung Province, which has the aim of developing the region by promoting the tourism sector as one of the potential sectors. The development of the tourism sector in Central Bangka Regency is seen from the increasing number of tourists visiting in 2017 as many as 85,778 people and in 2018 it increased to 96,457 people. The support of the capture fisheries sector in meeting the needs of tourists, hotels, restaurants, culinary and souvenirs of processed fish is very much needed. This indicates the need to strengthen the capture fisheries sector in sustainable tourism development is defined as a tourism development process oriented to the resources needed for future development.
In 2010, Central Bangka Regency was one of 197 districts in Indonesia and one of four districts in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province which was determined by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries as a Minopolitan Area. The potential of marine and fisheries in Central Bangka Regency is very large, so that the potential needs to be supported by various policies, programs and development activities in the marine and fisheries sector in order to support the tourism sector so that community independence can be realized. The high potential of fisheries is seen from the results of the 2016 period of 23,606.50 tons, and increased in 2017 to 23,969.66 tons.
The availability of large minapolitan potential in the form of capture fisheries sector is a form of business to meet the needs of the tourism sector in Central Bangka Regency. However, the magnitude of this potential can lead to over exploitation that occurs when utilization is greater than the optimum catch (Setyaningrum, 2013; Daudpota et al., 2014). Purnomo (2012), Tamarol et al. (2012) said that overfishing and environmental degradation from fishery activities results in changes in aquatic ecosystems.Correct fisheries management is expected to be able to provide support for national development with positive contributions in relation to pro-growth, namely the contribution of the capture fisheries subsector to national economic development, pro-poor, namely foreign exchange earnings through exports, non-tax state revenue and to reduce poverty, pro- job that is helping to overcome multidimensional crises both in the form of providing employment, and proenvironment (Triarso, 2013; Purwanto & Wudianto, 2017).
Potential Capture Fisheries Commodity Research to Meet the Needs of the Tourism Sector in Central Bangka Regency is an effort to find out how much the potential of minapolitank resources specifically capture fisheries commodities are able to meet the needs of the tourism sector.
THEORETICAL REVIEW
The definition of fisheries according to the law refers to the statute number 45 of 2009, which is all activities related to the management and utilization of fish resources and the
environment, from pre-production, production, processing to marketing, which are carried out in a fisheries business system. Other definitions mention capture fisheries are activities of capturing / collecting animals and aquatic plants, both at sea and in public waters freely.
Capture fisheries production in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province, in 2016 reached 23,606.50 tons. The role of capture fisheries in Central Bangka Regency in supporting the tourism sector is various foods that are processed from the processed fishery industry. Fish as raw material for making snacks for souvenirs, shredded fish, and other food products made from fish. In addition to processed fisheries, capture fisheries productions are usually carried out by housewives. The local government continues to encourage the business to become a major supporter of the tourism sector and ultimately can support the family economy.
Leading commodity is a mainstay commodity which has a strategic position to be developed in an area whose determination is based on various considerations both technically (land and climate conditions) and socio-economic and institutional (technology mastery, resource capability, human, infrastructure, and social conditions Local culture Determination of superior commodities in an area is a necessity with consideration of the ability of an area to produce and market commodities that are in accordance with the land and climate conditions in a particular region is also very limited. another, because besides having comparative advantage it also has high business efficiency.
The role of the tourism sector is increasingly important in line with the development and contribution of the tourism sector through foreign exchange earnings, regional income, regional development, as well as in the absorption of investment and labor and business development that is spread in various parts of Indonesia. According to the Ministry of Tourism Pocket Book (2016), the contribution of the tourism sector to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2014 has reached 9% or as much as Rp 946.09 trillion. While foreign exchange from the tourism sector in 2014 reached Rp 120 trillion and contributed to employment opportunities of 11 million people. Theoretically, tourism is everything related to tourism, including tourism object entrepreneurs, tourist attractions and businesses related to tourism. Tourism must meet the following four criteria, namely: 1) travel is carried out from one place to another, travel is done outside the residence where the person usually lives; 2) the purpose of the trip is done solely for fun, without making a living in the country, city or DTW visited. 3) the money spent by the tourist is brought from his home country, where he can live or live, and is not obtained because of the results of his business while on the tour; and 4) the trip must be made at least 24 hours or more.
METHODS OF RESEARCH
The variables observed or measured in this study were capture fish production to measure their potential in meeting the needs of the tourism sector. The fisheries sector itself is divided into the capture fisheries sub-sector and the aquaculture sub-sector, and what is used in this study is the capture fisheries sub-sector.
Location Quotient is an analysis technique used to determine the basis and non-base sectors, with the aim of seeing the comparative advantage of an area in determining its superior sector. The economic activities of an area can be divided into two groups, namely:
• The base sector is an economic sector that is able to meet the needs of both the domestic market and markets outside the region itself. This means that this sector in its activities is able to meet the needs of the region itself and other regions and can be used as a superior sector;
• Non-base sector is an economic sector that is only able to meet the needs of the region itself, a sector such as this is known as the non-leading sector.
The Location Quotient (LQ) formula according to Bendavid Val which is then used in determining the basis and non-base sectors in this study, is stated in the following equation:
LQ = Si/Ni S/N
Where: Si = income (production) sub sector i at the district level; Ni = Revenue (production) totals of the district; S = Income (production) sub sector i at the provincial level; N = Revenue (production) of the total provincial sub-sector.
Calculation model that is made to get the results of Location Quotient (LQ) of Central Bangka Regency can be expressed through equations. If LQ> 1, then the sector is the base sector and if LQ <1, then the sector is a non-base sector. The LQ formulation structure gives the following values:
(1) LQ> 1 = means that the growth rate of sub sector i in the study area k is greater than the growth rate of the same sub sector in the economy of the reference area p. Thus, the p sub-sector is the basic sub-sector to be further developed by the area under study k.
(2) LQ <1: it means that the growth rate of sub sector i in the study area k is smaller than the growth rating of the same sub sector in the economy of the reference area i. Thus, sub sector i is not a base sector.
(3) LQ = 1: means the growth rate of sub sector i in the area studied k is the same as the growth rate of the same sub sector in the economy of the reference area p.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Potential capture fisheries commodities are measured from the Location Question (LQ) of capture fisheries. The results of the Location Question (LQ) calculations from 2011 to 2016 are shown in Table 1. Based on results of the analysis of the potential of Tangkappa fisheries in small pelagic fish commodities, it was found that mullet fish, japuh, bollocks, bloating, komo, selar, selet, selet, terubuk, and tetengkek are small pelagic fish commodities that can meet the needs of the area including the needs of the tourism sector and it can even export to other regions because it has a LQ value above 1. While other fish such as anchovies, bentong, bamboo leaves / chamfer, banyar, lemuru, siro, green string, yellow string, and song have not been able to meet the needs of the regions themselves are only able to meet their own needs and the shortcomings must be brought from outside Central Bangka Regency. This is because the LQ value of the two commodities does not reach 1.
Based on the results of the analysis of the potential of Tangkappa fisheries in small pelagic fish commodities, it was found that mullet fish, japuh, bollocks, bloating, komo, selar, selet, selet, terubuk, and tetengkek are small pelagic fish commodities that can meet the needs of the area including the needs of the tourism sector and it can even export to other regions because it has a LQ value above 1. While other fish such as anchovies, bentong, bamboo leaves / chamfer, banyar, lemuru, siro, green string, yellow string, and song have not been able to meet the needs of the regions themselves are only able to meet their own needs and the shortcomings must be brought from outside Central Bangka Regency. This is because the LQ value of the two commodities does not reach 1.
In addition to small pelagic fish commodities, large pelagic fish commodities also become a staple for the tourism sector. The results of the calculation of LQ value on large pelagic fish commodities are found that, types of fish that can meet the needs of the area include the needs of the tourism sector and can even export to other regions are krai cobs (LQ = 3.23); mackerel (LQ = 1.34), stripped (LQ = 2.58). Whereas the types of gray tuna, komo tuna, mackerel boards, and bottle cones have not been able to meet the needs of the region itself. This is because the LQ value of the four commodities does not reach 1, which is caused by, among others, weather factors. These factors determine the level of production of these fish species. Because fishermen still have difficulty changing the work strategies that have been implemented for years and when the weather is not favorable they prefer to vacuum to do fishing (Nugrayasa, 2012). In order to meet the needs of the four types of fish for economic activities in the tourism sector such as the needs of the hotel, restaurant, and culinary industry, the shortage of supplies is imported from outside Central Bangka Regency.
Demersal fish commodity consisting of 26 types of fish (can be seen in Table 4.1) is a commodity in Central Bangka Regency, only from 26 species of fish there are 11 types of fish that are not included as potential commodities because the LQ value is less than 1 and only sufficient for one's own needs have not been able to meet the needs of other regions.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No
1
2
3
4
5
No
1
2
3
4
1 - Potential of Capture Fisheries Commodities in Central Bangka Regency in
Small Pelagic Fish Commodities
LQ Value(Average 6 Years)
Teri
Belanak Bentong
Daun Bambu/Talang-talang Japuh
Julung-julung
Banyar
Kembung
Lemuru
Siro
Selar Komo
Selar Hijau
Selar Kuning
Selar
Tembang
Selanget
Terubuk
Tetengkek_
0,91 1,37 0,03 0,59 1,14 3,96 0,16
2.67 0,17 0,84
1.68 0,54 0,48 2,54 0,75 1,35 4,09 1,69
Large Pelagic Fish Commodities
LQ Value(Average 6 Years)
Tongkol Abu-abu Tongkol Komo Tongkol Krai Tenggiri Tenggiri Papan Cucut Botol Cucut Lanyam
0,05 0,10 3,23 1,34 0,11 1,81 2,58
Demersal Fish Commodities
LQ Value(Average 6 Years)
Manyung Ikan Sebelah Kuwe
Bawal Hitam Bawal Putih Golok-golok Beloso/Buntut Kerbo Ikan Lidah Ikan Gaji
Ikan Nomei/Lomei Peperek Lencam Kakap Putih Kakap Batu
Kakap Merah/Bambangan Kurisi
Biji Nangka Kuro/Senangin Gulamah/Tigawaja Rejung
Alu-alu/Manggilala/Pucul Pari Kembang/Pari Macan Pari Burung Pari Kekeh
Kambing-kambing/Ayam-ayam Sembilang_
0,99 1,68 0,37 0,74 1,13 4,09 1,26 2,35
1.35 0,98 1,68 0,31 1,75 0,03 0,34 1,68 0,73 0,91 1,13 0,48 2,89 0,56
2.36
6.58
1.59 1,89
Coral Fish Commodities
LQ Value(Average 6 Years)
Ekor Kuning/Pisang-pisang
Kerapu Karang
Kerapu Balong
Kerapu Lumpur
Kerapu Sunu
Beronang Lingkis
Beronang Kuning_
1,00 1,21 0,88 1,52 0,56 1,94 2,09
Hard-skinned Commodities
LQ Value(Average 6 Years)
Udang Dogol Udang Putih/Jerbung Udang Krosok Kepiting Rajungan
2,03 0,20 0,50 2,21 1,20
Soft-bodied Commodities
LQ Value(Average 6 Years)
Kerang Darah Cumi-cumi Sotong Gurita
2,22 0,68 2,12 0,00
3: processed by researchers, 2019.
While the rest are fish next door, white pomfret, machete-machete, beloso / oxtail, tongue fish, salted fish, pepperek, white snapper, curry, sugarcane / tigawaja, pestle / mallala / pucul, bird ray, kekeh ray, goats / chickens and cross breeds are potential commodities because of the availability of adequate resources, such as local raw materials, local resource skills, local production technology and other local infrastructure. Meeting the needs of the tourism sector from demersal fish commodities can be fulfilled by the region, because half of the types of fish in addition to meeting the needs of the region itself can be exported by these regions to other regions.
Commodities of reef fish as the needs of the tourism sector, which can be met by the production of the Central Bangka Regency are yellow tailed fish / bananas, coral grouper, mud grouper, circular beron, and yellow beron. These five types of fish have LQ values of more than one, so they are able to meet regional needs including the needs of the tourism sector and even able to export to other regions. Balong grouper and grouper fish are able to meet the needs of the area itself, because the LQ value is less than 1, meaning that these types of fish can not be sent / exported outside the Central Bangka Regency.
In addition to several commodities that have been described, hard-skinned commodities also become a basic need for the tourism sector. The results of the calculation of LQ value on hard-skinned fish commodities are found that, the type of white shrimp and crustacean shrimp have not been able to meet the needs of the region itself. That is because the LQ value of the two types of warehouses does not reach 1, which is caused by, among others, hard-to-predict seasonal factors (Nurhayati, 2013). In order to meet the needs of the two types of shrimp for economic activities in the tourism sector such as the needs of the hotel, restaurant, and culinary industry, the supply of the shortage needs is brought in from outside Central Bangka Regency. While the types of fish that can meet the needs of the area including the needs of the tourism sector and can even export to other regions are dogol shrimp (LQ = 2.03); crab (LQ = 2.21), crab (LQ = 1.20).
Soft-bodied commodities consisting of blood shells, squid, cuttlefish and octopus are commodities found in Central Bangka Regency, it's just that pure octopus needs to be fully imported from outside Central Bangka Regency, because the LQ value is 0, meaning that the commodity is indeed not produced in this area. For this type of squid there is production but sufficient for the needs of the area including the tourism sector and other sectors, even if the needs of the region are not met then it will be met from outside the region. While blood clams and cuttlefish are soft-bodied commodities that are included as potential commodities due to adequate availability of resources and able to be exported by these regions to other regions. Meeting the needs of the tourism sector from soft-bodied commodities can be met by the area, but for squid only enough for their own needs have not been able to meet the needs of other regions.
The analyzed capture fisheries commodities besides having the potential of each commodity, must be supported by economic activities by encouraging regional market expansion (even with import substitution), encouraging capital circulation (recirculation) in the community, and encouraging learning processes. Other things that need to be strengthened are service facilities including production facilities (fishing gear, places and catch processing processing equipment), production support facilities (banking institutions, cooperatives, electricity), as well as marketing facilities (markets, transportation terminals, transportation facilities). The development of potential commodities must be focused so that they are right on the commodity that has the potential to be developed (Oksatriandhi & Santoso, 2014) and in order to meet the needs of the tourism sector.
Capture fisheries commodities must be able to increase the economic strength of the community at the micro and small scale, increase the number and quality of processed business products, so that they can compete by paying attention to the principles of integration, efficiency, quality and acceleration. Nugraha (2014), Indonesia's enormous potential for the fisheries and marine sector has not been able to provide benefits for improving the welfare of the community due to the low productivity of the community in the fisheries sector.
CONCLUSION
Some 50% of small pelagic fish categories have LQ value> 1 with the highest LQ value is Terubuk fish. A total of 42.85% of the large pelagic fish categories have an LQ value> 1 with the highest LQ value is tuna. A number of 57.69% categorized as demersalm have LQ value> 1 with the highest LQ value of machete-machete fish. A total of 71.52% of the reef fish category has a LQ value> 1 with the highest value of yellow baronang fish. Some 60% of hard-skinned categories have a LQ value> 1 with the highest LQ value of crabs. Some 50% of soft-bodied fish categories have an LQ value> 1 with the highest LQ value in blood shells.
LQ assessment results for all categories of capture fisheries indicate that capture fisheries commodities in Central Bangka Regency with an average value of 55.35% have been able to meet the needs of the tourism sector.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was funded by a grant from the University of Bangka Belitung and University Lecturer Research (PDTU) TA 2019 scheme. Thanks to BPS Kep Province. Bangka Belitung, the Office of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Province of Babel, and the Office of Tourism of the Province of Babel and the Office of Tourism of Central Bangka Regency for the support of research data.
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