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THE POEM "KUTADGU BILIK" IS THE LINGUISTIC TREASURE OF THE MEDIEVAL TURKIC LINGUISTICS Payziyev H.
Paiziev Khoshgeldi - student, FACULTY OF TURKMEN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, TURKMEN STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER MAGTYMGULY, ASHGABAT, TURKMENISTAN
Abstract: the poem "Kutadgu Bilik" by Balasagunli Yusuf, who served as a great pilgrim (or palace minister) in the palace of the Uyghur khan, is a valuable source for studying the language, history, and literary heritage of the Central Asian Turkic tribes who lived in the 11th century. The Vienna manuscript of this work, written in Uyghur script, was published in Budapest in 1870 by the famous traveler Vamberi. His Cairo manuscript, written in Arabic script, was also captured. Academician W. W. Radlow compared these two manuscripts, translated them into German, and prepared them for publication. He published this poem in 1910 in St. Petersburg. Keywords: manuscript, poem, linguistics, language, literary heritage.
«КУТАДГУ БИЛИГ» — ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЕ СОКРОВИЩЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО ТЮРКСКОГО ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЯ
Пайзиев Х.
Пайзиев Хошгелди - студент, факультет туркменского языка и литературы, Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули, г. Ашхабад, Туркменистан
Аннотация: поэма «Кутадгу билик» Юсуфа из Баласагуна, служившего великим паломником (или дворцовым министром) во дворце хана уйгуров, является ценным источником для изучения языка, истории и литературного наследия среднеазиатских народов. Тюркские племена, жившие в 11 веке. Венская рукопись этого произведения, написанная уйгурским письмом, была опубликована в Будапеште в 1870 году известным путешественником Вамбери. Его каирская рукопись, написанная арабской вязью, также была захвачена. Академик В. В. Радлоу сравнил эти две рукописи, перевел их на немецкий язык и подготовил к публикации. Он опубликовал этот поэма в 1910 году в Петербурге.
Ключевые слова: тюркский, западный, восточный, язык, диалект, история, поэма, лингвистика.
The Namangan manuscript of Yusup Balasagunly's poem written in Arabic script was captured in 1913. It was first translated into the Uzbek language and published in Tashkent in 1956, then the poet Srebnyev translated it into Russian and published it in Moscow in 1971. This work was called in Russian "Знание, делающее славшийми" ("Knowledge that makes you happy"). Because the original word "Kut" in the word "Kutatgu" means happiness, and the word "bilig" means knowledge. From the original word "kut" the words "congratulation", "congratulation", "congratulations" and "congratulations" were made.
At the same time, this poem of the palace poet Yusup Balasagunly, which consists of 77 chapters, is still used today in children and people of different ages in the formation of wonderful attitudes such as being fair, polite, educated, humanitarian, honest, hardworking... it is of great importance in instilling in his mind those wonderful teachings.
This work is sometimes called "the book that gives the gift of happiness" because of its excellent views and advice. The work referred to is called "Education that Makes Happy" and sometimes "Education that Gives Happiness" but it is not known. Because it doesn't matter to anyone who harbors the above-mentioned and unmentioned views in this work of Yusuf al-Balasagun, whether he is poor, whether he is a rich merchant, whether he is an ordinary employee or a high-ranking official, it is a wonderful deed. It is said that he will be an educated person who embodies the qualities.
It is not known what Turkish language was used in the state of Ghaznaly. Sultan Mahmyd Ghaznaly (Gaznavi in some sources) gathered scientists from the countries subject to him, including Abu Reyhan Muhammed ibn Ahmet Birun, who lived in Khorezm and wrote scientific works on various branches of science, as well as poets and artists to Ghazna (Afghanistan). It gave them full opportunity to engage in science and creative work [13, 27; 3, 107]. However, the scientific work written by scientists on the language of a certain Turkic tribe (or the Oghuz, or the Kypjaks, or the Karaks...) or any issue of general linguistic knowledge, to the artistic works created in the language(s) used in that country. not encountered.
According to Professor N.A. Baskakov, in the 8th-9th centuries, the ancient Oghuz tribes were divided into two groups - the western Oghuz tribal union and the eastern Oghuz tribal union. After those ancient Oghuz tribal unions, the Pecheneg tribal union was formed in the west. They lived on the banks of the Volga. A confederation of Seljuk
tribes arose in the south. In the east, the Oghuz joined the last Turkmen tribal union and the last Uzbek tribal union [9, 43].
The Oghuz in the south lived between the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea and downstream of the Amuya River. They multiplied faster. Their economy was highly developed, some rich people had a hundred thousand cows and ten thousand horses.
The warring Oghuz Turkmens reached Asia Minor long before the Seljuk conquests, in the 8th - 10th centuries. They served as mercenary troops of the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Caliphate, which subjugated very rich countries such as Egypt, Syria, Greece, and Asia Minor.
The Oghuz Turkmens, who form the Seljuk tribal union, have become a great power. Seljuks or Oghuz Turkmens first conquered Ghaznaly and Garahanly states. When they later conquered Iran and invaded Iraq, all of those mercenary Oghuz-Turkmen troops went to the side of their fellow tribesmen, that is, the Oghuz Turkmen army (4, 30-31). They received Perhaps, the great Turkmen classical poet Magtymguly, considering the brave, fearless, warlike Oghuz Turkmen who reached the borders of Europe in ancient times, put forward the idea: "Turkmenler baglasa bir yere bili, gurudar Gulzumy, deryayy-Nili"
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