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детского и принудительного труда в какой-либо форме. Президент нашей страны Шавкат Мирзиёев особо отметил, что критический анализ, жесткая дисциплина и персональная ответственность должны стать постоянным и неизменным правилом как всех сотрудников органов государственного управления, так и судей. Судьи, которые являются частью общества, которому они служат, не могут эффективно осуществлять правосудие без общественного доверия. Они должны ознакомиться с ожиданиями общества к судебной системе и жалобами на его функционирование. Постоянный механизм такой обратной связи, созданный Советом судей или другим независимым органом, будет способствовать этому. Республика Узбекистана, таким образом, подтвердила приверженность своим международным обязательствам в сфере прав человека и обязательность соблюдения международных договоров, к которым она присоединилась.
Использованная литература
I. Законодательные акты Республики Узбекистан и международно -
правовые документы.
1. Конституция Республики Узбекистан. - Т.: Узбекистон, 2003.
2. Закон Республики Узбекистан «Об основах государственной независимости Республики Узбекистан» от 31 августа 1991г. - Конституционное право Республики Узбекистан. Сб. норматив. актов. Т.1.-Т.: Шарк. 1995.-С. 97-101.
3. Устав Организации Объединенных Наций //Действующее международное право. В 3-х томах. Составители Ю.М. Колосов и Э.С. Кривчикова. Т.1.
- М.: Изд-во Московского независимого института международного права, 1996. - 864 с.
4. Венская конвенция о праве международных договоров, от 23 мая 1969г. Дата присоединения Узбекистана 24.02.95г. //Действующее международное право. В 3-х томах. Составители Ю.М. Колосов и Э.С. Кривчикова. Т.1. - М.: Изд-во Московского независимого института международного права, 1996. - 864 с. II. Труды Президента Республики Узбекистан.
Литература:
1. Мирзиёев, Шавкат Миромонович. Мы все вместе построим свободное, демократическое и процветающее государство Узбекистан. Выступление на торжественной церемонии вступления в должность Президента Республики Узбекистан на совместном заседании палат Олий Мажлиса / Ш.М. Мирзиёев. - Ташкент : Узбекистон, 2016. - 56 с.
2. Мирзиёев, Шавкат Миромонович
Критический анализ, жесткая дисциплина и
персональная ответственность должны стать повседневной нормой в деятельности каждого руководителя. Доклад на расширенном заседании Кабинета Министров, посвященном итогам социально-экономического развития страны в 2016 году и важнейшим приоритетным направлениям экономической программы на 2017 год. 14 январь 2017 год /Ш.М. Мирзиёев. - Ташкент : Узбекистон, 2017. -104 с. (.pdf 32.5Mb)
3. Моисев Е.Г. Международно-правовые основы сотрудничества стран СНГ. Учебное пособие / Под ред. К.А. Бекяшева. - М.Юрист, 1997. - 272 с.
THE PLACE AND MEANINGS OF THE SELF-GOVERNMENT OF THE CITIZENS IN THE
FORMATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY
Mukhitdinova Firyuza Abdurashidovna
Doctor of Law, Professor of Tashkent State Law University. Tashkent city
Kutybaeva Elizaveta Duysenbaevna Doctor of Law, Professor of Karakalpak State University Utemuratov Mahmud Azhimuratovich
PhD in Law, Associate Professor of the Tashkent Architectural and Construction Institute
ANNOTATION.
The article analyzes the legal framework of relations between the state and civil society. Considerable attention is paid to the control functions of civil society.
Keywords: law, state, society, person, parties, constitution, sovereignty
Issues of the formation and development of civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan are becoming increasingly important every year. This can be judged by political and legal ideas, teachings of Eastern thinkers, as well as by the statements and publications of prominent state politicians and scholars. In the context of globalization and the functioning of a democratic and legal state, it is no longer possible to manage the former command-administrative methods that are inherent in the authoritarian regime of power. Under such circumstances, the state goes on the path from a strong state to a strong society and cooperate with numerous institutions of civil society. build on their social basis, absorb-
ing and realizing the ideas that serve to reform and develop civil society. As we know, the formation and development of civil society has taken several centuries; this process has not yet been completed, neither in our country nor in the world at large. The formation and development of civil society was facilitated by three factors: the legal character of the state, the cultural condition of society, and the transformation of citizens of the state into free citizens. In general, there are three stages in the development of civil society: for example, in the East, these problems were also given no less attention. So, in the holy book of Zoroastrians "Avesta", in the views of Confucius, in the Indian sources "Vedas" and "Upanishads" there are valuable information
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on this topic. However, they are so specific in nature that they are not always recognized by specialist scientists as part of a holistic system concept of civil society. In this regard, it should be noted that the conceptual features of civil society in the context of building equitable public administration, ssues of interaction between civil society institutions and the state, the demarcation of "civil" and "state", the causes of the emergence and conditions for the functioning of civil society are reflected in the works of such Eastern thinkers and public figures like Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Amir Temur, Alisher Navoi and many others. On the creation of a harmonious virtuous society, wrote the greatest thinkers of the East. Among them it is possible to single out such famous philosophers as Ar-Razi, Farabi, Ibn Sino. Nasiriddin Tusi, Jamoluddin Davoni, Ahmad Donish. Great philosophers Plato, Aristotle, and others also paid tribute to him. And, of course, European thinkers Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Georg Wilhelm Hegel, Karl Marx, Max Weber and others made a considerable contribution to the development of the problem of the state and society.
The concepts of these prominent thinkers of their time about the state and society sometimes coincided in some way, and sometimes directly contradicted each other, giving the analyzed problems global significance.
So, if it should be noted here that the subsequent separate concepts of civil society basically proceeded and proceed from these two aforementioned concepts. The formation of various versions of the concepts of civil society is inextricably linked with the idea of individual freedom, self-value of each individual, autonomy of society in relation to the state, the rule of law, etc.
Civil society institutions, as subjects of public control, can ensure the quality of the reforms implemented, the implementation and observance of laws, the effectiveness of government bodies, and the transparency of state tasks. The institute of public control with the introduction of amendments to the Constitution received constitutional consolidation, which served as a significant incentive for increasing the capacity of civil institutions. Also, certain norms in national legislation grant the right to civil society actors to exercise public control. Currently, self-government bodies of citizens, non-state non-profit organizations, the mass media carry out public control over the activities of state bodies through participation in open meetings, in discussion of adopted legal acts, public hearings, n the development of territorial state programs. Thus, in recent years, due to internal needs, Uzbek society gradually, through understanding all these features of its socio-cultural world, is also being drawn into the sphere of strengthening institutions of civil society: a society in which the economic initiative, the power of the owner belongs not to departments, but to individual producers. Strengthening the personal initiative in this area is necessary now, when there is a catastrophic decline in production and the strengthening of the criminalization of society on this basis. Civil soci-
ety implies the creation of optimal conditions for a decent life, work and protection of the property of all people, not just those in power. Therefore, in all sociopolitical concepts aimed at understanding the nature and essence of civil society, these tasks are put in a circle of basic problems solved by civil society.
Uzbekistan has created the necessary legal framework for the development of civil society and its institutions. A special place is occupied by public control over the activities of state bodies. It contributes to the improvement of the quality of state structures, the effectiveness of decisions. If civil society actively participates in the discussion of important issues for the state, it will develop more intensively, by encouraging and supporting the active participation of non-governmental non-profit organizations and other civil society institutions in solving urgent problems of the social, socio-economic and humanitarian development of the country, strengthening the regulatory framework their activities. Recently, significant measures have been implemented to increase the role and importance of public activity of non-state non-profit organizations and other civil society institutions in the implementation of democratic reforms in all spheres of life of society and the state.
More than 200 legal acts aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the activities of non-governmental non-profit organizations have been adopted, and the necessary institutional base has been created for their full support. Currently functioning more than 9,200 non-governmental non-profit organizations play an important role in protecting the rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, democratic values, and achieving social, cultural and educational goals. The institution of local self-government in the civil society system as well as its other institutions is of particular importance. The system of local government is a set of organizational forms and political and legal institutions of the direct will of the population of the municipality, as well as elective and other bodies. Citizens have the possibility of direct expression of their will, through holding meetings, local referendums, and meetings of residents. The most important element of the local government system is representative and executive makhalinsky councils, unions and various public associations of local government bodies. According to Art. 105, self-government bodies in towns, villages and auls, as well as in the mahallas of cities, towns, villages and auls are gatherings of citizens electing for two and a half years the chairman (aksakal) and his advisers. The institute of local self-government in Uzbekistan is mahalla. Makhalla is one of the foundations of the constitutional system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is an important element of a democratic state, it ensures the rights of a citizen to participate in government. The mahalla played its role at the dawn of the formation of a democratic society, it is playing now, in the process of the formation of genuine democracy in our country. In turn, from the day of independence, the modern makhallia itself as an institution of local self-government is undergoing changes and is being formed to ensure the pyramid: citizen-family-state-society.
Much has been done by the state in terms of organization, ensuring the legal conditions for the functioning of the makhallas. The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan enshrines the basic principles of local self-government of citizens, the structure of the organization of makhallas. Uzbekistan has ratified the European Charter of Local Self-Government, many of which are included in the basis of the concept. Article 3 of the "European Charter of Local Self-Government", adopted by the European Union on October 15, 1985, defines this concept as follows: "Local self-government refers to the capacity of local governments under their responsibility,
based on the interests of the local population, in the framework of the rule of law, to manage and really cope with the majority of public affairs. " These rights are exercised by members of councils or meetings of those elected at general elections by free, secret, equal, direct voting. Councils or a meeting may have executive bodies reporting to them. These rules do not exclude the possibility of citizens applying to assemblies, or to other forms permitted by law. In particular, the mahalla will be designed to create an atmosphere of mutual respect, kindness and mercy, cohesion of the society, preserve and develop national and universal human values. It will also strengthen the interaction of citizens' self-government bodies with state and non-state structures, ensure employment of young people, protect the young generation from ideological threats, and sup-
port socially vulnerable groups of the population, representatives of the older generation. Currently, based on the goals of democratization of the political sphere of society, the citizens of the makhallya are given the authority to head various areas of government. Mahalla is directly involved in solving various social problems of citizens living on its territory: protects the social interests of the elderly, veterans, orphans, internationalist warriors, low-income and large families; manages the participation of the Mahalla asset in this event, creates conditions for the spiritual growth of a person and the manifestation of practical initiative; provides material and moral support to citizens.
Literature:
1. Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. T. "Uzbekistan"
Avesta: Selected hymns / Trans. THEM. Steblina-Kamensky. - Dushanbe, 1990. - 176 p.
2. Ayni S. Taurhi amironi mangitiyai and Bukhoro // Kulliyet. -Dushanbe. 1966, - Childy 10. - p.
3. Al-Farabi Abu Nasr Muhammad, Socio-ethical treatises: Trans. with an arab. - Alma-Ata: Science, 1985. - 400 p.
4. Al-Farabi Abu Nasr Muhammad. Treatise on the views of the inhabitants of the virtuous city / Trans. AND ABOUT. Mohammed, A.V. Sagadaev / / Al-Farabi. Philosophical treatises. - Alma-Ata, 1972. - p. 191-377.
5. Aristotle. Politics / / Soch .-M .: Thought, 1983. - vol. 4. - p. 37
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПЕНСИОННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ ПО
ВЫСЛУГЕ ЛЕТ
Рузаева Елена Михайловна,
доцент, кандидат педагогических наук, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры гражданского права и процесса, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования
«Оренбургский государственный университет», город Оренбург.
Пошедина Евгения Витальевна, студент 4 курса юридического факультета, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования
«Оренбургский государственный университет», город Оренбург.
DOI: 10.31618/ESU.2413-9335.2019.8.61.69
АННОТАЦИЯ.
Данная статья посвящена анализу пенсионного обеспечения в России и зарубежных странах. Авторы выделяют особенности назначения пенсий военнослужащим, характерные для Российской Федерации, США, Великобритании, Франции и Германии. ABSTRACT.
This article is devoted to the analysis of pension provision in Russia and foreign countries. The authors identify features of the assignment of pensions to members of the armed forces, which are characteristic of the Russian Federation, the United States, Britain, France and Germany.
Ключевые слова: пенсия, военнослужащие, военные пенсионеры, выслуга лет, звание. Keywords: pension, members of the armed forces, military pensioners, seniority, rank.
Пенсионные выплаты для военнослужащих являются поддержкой со стороны государства для граждан, после увольнения ведомства, где они несли свою службу. Однако преимущество этого вида пенсий не только в том, что она больше, нежели у других граждан РФ, но и в том, что уйти на заслуженный отдых данная категория лиц может
намного раньше, чем достигнет общего пенсионного возраста.
Военнослужащий имеет право на пенсионное обеспечение, отслужив 20 лет в вооруженных силах. В данный момент за стаж в 20 лет таким гражданам назначается пенсионное обеспечение, со-
