CC BY
10
UDC 330
THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF RISK IN BUSINESS
Diana Martey
London School of Economics, Depertment of Finanse OLD 3.05| OLD Building! Houghton St | London | WC2A 2AE
Abstract: In article key questions and problems of an assessment of risks in investment projects are considered.
Keywords: Investment project, risk, efficiency.
The investment project is the main document defining the need for the implementation of real investment, which in the conventional sequence of sections present the main characteristics of the project and financial performance associated with its implementation.
Based on the investment activity of the enterprise is investment. In most enterprises, the real investment is in modern conditions the only area of investment activity. This determines the important role of management of formation of profit in the process of real investment, the choice of the most effective forms. Real investment undertaken by enterprises in various forms, the main ones are:
1. The acquisition of integral property complexes;
2. New construction;
3. Conversion;
4. Reconstruction;
5. Modernization;
6. Upgrading certain types of equipment;
7. Innovative investing in intangible assets;
8. Investing growth stocks of current assets.
The risk in investment projects is almost always possible. Therefore, the identified risk assessment methods of investment projects:
- methods of qualitative risk assessment;
methods for quantitative risk assessment;
Qualitative analysis of project risks is conducted at the stage of development of the business plan, and a mandatory comprehensive examination of the investment project allows you to prepare comprehensive information for analyzing it risks. In the qualitative evaluation we can distinguish the following methods:
- expert method;
method of analysis the relevance of costs;
- the method of analogies.
Quantification methods assume a numerical determination of the risk of the investment project. They include:
define maximum level of sustainability of the project;
- the sensitivity analysis of the project;
- analysis of scenarios of development of the project;
- simulation risk modeling Monte Carlo.
In the course of writing scientific articles were identified methods of reducing the risk of the investment project, the company could easily prevent the threat of risks. After identified all the risks in an investment project and conducted the analysis necessary to provide recommendations for reducing the risks according to the phases of the project. The basic principle of operation of the mechanism to reduce investment risk is the complexity in terms of its impact and economic feasibility.
The main measures to reduce investment risk in conditions of uncertainty of economic outcome include the following:
1. The redistribution of risk between participants of the investment project;
2. The creation of reserve funds (for each stage of the investment project) to cover unforeseen expenses;
3. Reduction of risks at financing of the investment project the achievement of the positive balance of the accumulated money for each step of the calculation;
4. Collateral invested funds;
5. Insurance is the transfer of certain risks insurance company.
6. The system guarantees - guarantees of the state, Bank, investment company, etc.;
7. To obtain additional information.
Having made the findings revealed that the main difficulty in evaluating the investment project are the project risks that have a different nature and has both a positive and a negative impact on the result.
Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the project is carried out as a SWOT analysis of the company. The peculiarity lies in the fact that the project has two external environment - near environment of the project (an internal environment) and environment (external environment).
Note that this risk classification is somewhat arbitrary, so as to draw a clear line between different types of investment risks it is quite difficult. A number of investment risks is in the relationship (correlated), changes in one cause changes in another, which affects the results of investment activity.
It turns out that the implementation of investment projects is affected by many changes in the political, social, commercial and business environment, changes in technology, productivity and prices, the environment, current tax, legal and other issues. All this predetermines the presence in projects of a certain risk.
Conclusion it can be mentioned that the risk is inherently in the nature of any economic activity: there is always the possibility to incur losses or to miss a potential gain as a result of incorrect of their actions or the adverse effects of certain external factors. Investment risks can be described as the probability of occurrence of financial losses unexpected character in situations of uncertainty and non-obviousness.
Bibliography:
1. Titova E. V. the Problem of risk management in modern conditions (article) // Problems of agricultural development of the Sayan-Altai: materials of the interregional scientific-practical conference - Abakan, 2010.- S. 65-67
2. Pijikova N. And. Titova E. V., Malina E. A. risk management System of innovative activity of agricultural enterprises // the Age of science. 2015.
3. Pijikova N. And. Titova E. V. the Complex organization of effective business-process // Advances of modern science. -January, 2016.
4. Pijikova N. And. Titova E. V. Methodical recommendations about formation of priority goals of agrarian and industrial complex enterprises // Economics and entrepreneurship. - 2016.
5. Titova E. V. Strategy of development of agricultural production based on the formation of interaction between business processes / E. V. Titova, N. And. Pijikova, A. E. Mashneva // Successes of modern science. - 2016. - No. 1. - S. 42-45. - 0,18 p.
6. Titova E. V. Methods of risk identification interaction business processes in agroindustrial complex / E. V. Titova, N. And. Pijikova, A. E. Mashneva // International scientific researches. - 2015. - No. 4. - P. 15-18. - 0,18 p.
УДК 378
СИСТЕМНО-ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ВОСПИТАНИИ ПРАВОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ КУРСАНТОВ ВОЕННЫХ ВУЗОВ
Максимов Никита Васильевич
2 год обучения адъюнктуры очного обучения ФГКОУ ВО Пермский военный институт войск национальной гвардии
Россия, г. Пермь
Аннотация: В статье автор раскрывает вопросы формирования правовой культуры курсантов военных вузов посредствам системно-деятельностного подхода. Особое внимание автор отмечает, что использование данного подхода обеспечивает рост творческого потенциала курсанта в сфере права, тренирует коммуникативные способности, создаёт основу для самостоятельной успешной адаптации в военном социуме.
Ключевые слова: Системно-деятельностный подход, правовая культура, курсант, общество, воспитание, образование, вуз
SYSTEM-ACTIVITY APPROACH IN LEGAL CULTURE OF CADETS OF MILITARY
HIGH SCHOOLS
Maksimov Nikita Vasilevich
2 year postgraduate training full-time study Perm Military Institute of National Guard troops, Russia Russia, Perm
Annotation: The author reveals the issues of formation of legal culture of cadets of military high schools through system-activity approach. Special attention the author notes that the use of this approach ensures the growth of the cadet of creativity in the field of law, trains communication skills, creates the foundation for a successful self-adaptation in the military society.
Keywords: System-activity approach, legal culture, student, society, education, education, university
В настоящее время, в условиях активизации процесса реорганизации современного образования перед представителями отечественной системы остро встает вопрос поиска удобного, инновационного и эффективного подхода к решению текущих проблем в области получения образования гражданами страны. Прогрессивное общество, во всех сферах человеческой деятельности напрямую зависит от эффективности образовательных институтов. Современная образовательная система, представляет собой платформу формирования политического, экономического, духовно-нравственного общества.
53
