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Khasanov Jasur Mamatyodirovich, Andijan State University E-mail: [email protected]
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE 50-60TH YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY
Absrtract: The article outlines the achievements of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan in the 50-60th years of the XX century, newly opened scientific research institutes, the achievements of the academy in training national scientific personnel, the role of the Academy in the development of Republican National Academy, agriculture and work of Habib Abdullayev as the President of the Academy of Sciences.
Keywords: Academy of Sciences, Presidium, Scientific Research Institute, archives, national economy, agriculture, industry, development.
It was not in vain that at the beginning of the Second World War, Academia of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan was focused on the development of agriculture which formed the basis of the economy of the Republic at that time.
Scientific institutions of the Academy of Sciences have carried out researches and studies on development of economy, industry and agriculture.
Specifically, land resources of Karakalpakstan were initially studied and then the issue of using desert and steppe zones in the territory of Uzbekistan.
In recent years, the Academy of Sciences has continued its scientific researches in this area, and since 1953 the Angren mining industry and from 1954 the Zarafshan oasis in the mining and its opportunities in agricultural industry, prospects of manufacturing resources were studied on a scientific basis.
Besides that, Habib Abdullayev mentioned in his letter which was written to the Central Committee for Advocacy and Advocacy ofVKP that institutions of the Academy would work on the following actual problems of national economy:
- cotton problems;
- personalizing deserts and new lands;
- economic zoning of using water resources in irrigation and energetic and proper orientation of production forces.
It should be noted that during this period a great deal of attention was paid to the establishment of a number of new, modern research institutions within the Academy. In particular, new scientific research institutes such as Water Problems and Hydro-technical Institutes, Institute of Plant Chemistry, Experimental Medical Institutes, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Philosophy and Law Institute were established. Also, Institute of Geology and Recycling of Oil and Gas Mines was opened. Institute of Physiology and Plant Genetics was established on the basis of the Agricultural Institute. Major researches have been done to improve cotton grade in this institute.
Commenting on archeological monuments and historical buildings in the territory of Uzbekistan, Habib Abdullayev
has suggested the idea of accelerating scientific researches in this area.
Indeed, selfless labor has yielded its fruit. The Academy has made great strides especially in the field of cadres training. They used to satisfy the needs of academia or other research institutes and higher education institutes. Especially, the number of local native representatives has increased. However, as the scientist regretted, there were still unresolved problems.
What's more, one of the pitfalls was training of doctors. Especially, there were no Uzbek doctors in the Academy of Sciences in cotton, irrigation, hydrotechnics, silk, physical and technical aspects.
While the number of was increasing, Academy of Sciences used to follow the previous standards regarding the personnel in the scientific research institutes, which led to the need to continue research through doctrine system.
For this reason, sending dozens of graduate students to Moscow and other cities has become one of the urgent tasks of the board of directors of the Academy.
It has been years since the Academy of Sciences' experience in postgraduate and doctors of science, especially sending postgraduate and doctoral students to leading research institutes and laboratories in major cities such as Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Baku. Habib Abdullayev was personally involved in this matter. Organizing a large-scale preparation of highly qualified scientific cadres required a lot of effort, strength, constant attention and parental care. Habib Abdullayev showed courage and skill in this work too. No matter how little time he had, he never forgot to answer the letters which were written by his graduate students and give them his advice.
According to the analysis of archival materials, discrimination of Uzbek postgraduates sent to some major scientific research institutes showed that attitude towards them was not the same.
The open letter to the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, one copy
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE 50-60TH YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY
was mentioned to be sent to the President of the Academy of Sciences H. M. Abdullayev, said:
We, the postgraduates from Uzbekistan, ask you to accept range of criteria to strengthen the training of scientific and pedagogical cadres. First of all, we would like to express our gratitude to the scholars ofMoscow, Leningrad and other central cities of the Union which are showing sincere compassion.
Training of postgraduate students in Moscow and other central cities is deeply different than here. There is a great experience base, there are many advanced scientists with extensive experience in training of scientific and pedagogical cadres. We are grateful to the USSR Minster's Council and the Uzbek SSR for their efforts to send us to the central universities and research institutes.
Under the current conditions, the happiness of development is primarily due to the highly skilled staff. We need to strengthen our training and training by sending our best specialists, especially youngsters, so tat we sill not be left behind in the future.
To do this, it is necessary to eliminate the difficult conditions in the dormitory for postgraduate students.
Can the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan and the Council of Ministers really not solve this problem?
Apparently, they are not that interested in cadres. As you know, a room for postgraduate students from the Minster's Permanent Government Halls has been allocated. This is room is used as a hotel also the fee for staying is charged according to hotel rate.
We cannot live hotels and there is absolutely no opportunity to work, secondly, it is expensive for us. Some of our graduate students cannot go for a postgraduate course because of the lack of residential place in Moscow. We have asked you to to take our circumstances into consideration and reduce the cost of living. We had spoken to you on the phone, but have not received any answers yet. It is unfair. Those in the campus of the Institute pay 3-4 rubles and we (Uzbeks) pay 15 rubles. As if we (Uzbeks) are from another planets. We are not only charged 15 rubles for living, but also blamed with words such as " You(Uzbeks) are living in a deficiency for us"
Therefore, are writing the second letter, we do not need to be kept in a special dormitory, but rather ask for a place for postgraduate and doctoral students to have the necessary living conditions and reduced pay for living. Hopefully, you will not leave our letter with no answer this time. Respectfully.
When Habib Abdullayev was in Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Baku and other cities, he used to bring together the postgraduate students who were studying there, carry out talks with them in different topics, if necessary, provide material and spiritual support. Especially, he cared for the fu-
ture of every single future doctor. He used to help to choose advisors(consultants) from all aspects.
M. Rasulov described Habib Abdullayev's contribution to the training national cadres and conflict regarding it:" 1961. The next inquietude. "Cleaning up" of cadres. The period when the Moscow authorities are again actively intercepting officials. Hundreds of thousands of organizers and managers were publicly dismissed and imprisoned. Of course, national cadres, independently thinkers, those who care for the development of Uzbekistan firstly faced that "cleansing". H. M. Abdullayev openly supports Uzbeks and tries to prepare scientific personnel from them. Surely, it was a powerful weapon to fight against the militants for Uzbek independence. There has always been a pretext to make others think that nationalist and private proprietor are enemies.
Nevertheless, recent investigations based on recent petitions and unsubstantiated letters to the board of directors have made a numbers of shortcomings in the Presidium of the Academy.
A commission investigating the activities of the Academy concluded that studies in research institutions are not practically implemented and in 1961, it was marked as a serious shortcoming that only 25 of 44 researches of Academy were utilized into production.
Also, it was pointed out that the Academy should elaborate serious measures to address the abovementioned deficiencies and make clear explanations on the historical decisions of the XXII Session and the new CPSP programs.
Nevertheless, in 1961, the commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR concluded that, as a result of the investigations, there were shortcomings in a number of fields of the Academy of Sciences, particularly in the chemistry, genetics and other institutions' researches and the following "situations" were specifically noted:
- serious researches in the fields of power engineering, telemechanics and synthetic chemistry are insufficient. Researches on the physical conditions of cotton are almost stopped;
- the Institute of Geology of the Academy of Sciences and central Asian Geological and Mineral Resources Scientific Research Institute are not functioning properly;
- the fact that no institute has created industrial establishment in research laboratories;
- majority of institutes are still not provided with new methods of development(radioactive isotopes, ultrasounds, optical devices) in researches;
- failure to carry out scientific seminars, which should be regularly conducted at scientific research institutes;
- abundance of inaccuracies in the completed research reports of scientific research institutes and the ineffectiveness of the obtained results;
- the lack of good governance at the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences, and even incompleteness of scientific research plans in 1959
- the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences has established scientific researches and has failed to introduce scientific achievements in the national economy;
- it was shown that the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences never presented completed scientific researches into practice to the KPC of Uzbekistan.
If inspecting the functioning of the Academy of Sciences and unreasonable blaming the governance are looked under the circumstances of the Union, it was as if aimed to lower the reputation of the academy which created new
scientific inventions in 50s of XX century in front of other academies.
Habib Abdullayev showed enthusiasm in creating new directions and fields within the Academy of Sciences. The fields of Hydrogeology and Computing Technology were firstly established in Central Asia during the presidence of Habib Abdullayev in the Academy of sciences. Habib Abdullayev highly contributed to the establishment and development of the Institute of Hydrogeology, Geology and Exploration of Oil and Gas Fields in the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, as well as the Institute of the Problems of Fuel, Water Problems, Nuclear Physics, Mining, as well as the Central Asian Geology and Mineral Resource Network and showed leadership.
References:
Coauthors (H. Abdullayev and a number of academic staff of scientific institutions of the Academy of Sciences). Наши советы хлопкоробам (Письма ученых и специалистов сельского хозяйства республиканских организаций ко всем колхозникам колхозницам рабочим и работницам совхозов трактористам и работникам машинно-тракторных станций ко всем специалистам сельского хозяйства в районах колхозах совхозах и МТС) // Правда Востока 24 июня 1949. Abdullayev H. Uzbek scientists in the service of national economy // Kyzyl-Ozbekiston. - May 5, 1950. Abdullayev H. For the sake of further development of science in Uzbekistan / Kyzyl-Ozbekiston October, 1956. MDa of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 2575th fund, 1st list, 144th work, - 3-4th p. FAMA of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 1st fund, 1st list, 1130th work, - 43rd p. Абдуллаев Х. M. Над чем работают ученые Узбекистана / Правда. 12 апреля 1959. MDA of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 2575th fund, 1st list, 130th work, - 2-3rdp.
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