CC BY
0
- 0unonoeunecHue Hayuu-
THE LINGUISTICS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ITS STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
S.I. Isakov1, Associate Professor Z. Sabirbaeva2, Senior Lecturer 1Osh University of Technology 1Osh State University (Kyrgyzstan, Osh)
DOI:10.24412/2500-1000-2024-10-2-126-128
Abstract. In order to understand and use the English language effectively, language structure is a critical component. It is the systematic way in which words, clauses and sentences are arranged and organised to enable clear and coherent communication. The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the importance of language structure in communication, its impact on literature, and the various functions of language. It also looks at analyzing complex language structures and offers tips on how to break down and understand these intricacies.
Keywords: language, structure, grammar, discourse, syntax, text, morphology, phonology, verbs.
When learning to speak a language, it is important to focus on what makes up the language. This is also true of linguistics. The term linguistics comes from the Latin word lingua, which means "language". Thus, linguistics is the science that deals with the study of language. It gives information about how language differs from other phenomena of reality, what its elements and units are, how it is constructed and what changes occur in language. The linguistics of the English language is concerned with the structures and patterns of a given language, its functioning and development, and also compares it with other with other languages in order to identify connections with them. Linguistics is both general and particular in nature. General Linguistics - studies, examines, and compares all languages of the world as a whole. Private linguistics studies only one specific language. The main task of private linguistics is to compare different languages. In this case it is distinguished from typological linguistics. Private Linguistics is concerned with studying individual languages, including psychology [1].
In both written and oral communication, understanding the structure of language helps you communicate ideas and information more clearly. In order to facilitate understanding between speakers of the same language, proper sentence structure and adherence to grammatical rules are essential. Some of the reasons why learning how to structure is important for communicating include:
- Clarity of message: Adherence to language structure allows speakers to convey their thoughts and ideas clearly, eliminating confusion and misinterpretation.
- Effectiveness: Following structure allows you to express your thoughts more succinctly, saving time and effort for both speaking and listening.
- Connection building: Knowing how to structure language allows speakers to build stronger relationships and understandings across different cultural and social groups [2].
In professional contexts such as business communication and academic writing, where clarity and conciseness are highly valued, effective language structure is crucial.
The structure of the English language can be broken down into a number of components:
- Morphology: This includes the structure and how words form, including affixes, roots, and stems.
- Syntax: Relates to arranging words and phrases to make well-formed sentences, including word order, agreement, and sentence structure.
- Phonology: This is the study of the sounds of speech and how they are organized in a language.
- Semantics: This is the study of meaning in language, including how words mean, how words relate to one another, and how sentences mean.
- Pragmatics: This component of language structure is concerned with the use of language in context. It includes utterances, implicatures, and speech acts [3].
- 0UMOMoeunecKue Hayuu-
Language functions are the purposes we use language for, such as informing, persuading, or entertaining. Some of the most common language functions are:
- To inform: The giving of information, such as the explanation of a process or the presentation of facts;
- To request: The asking of someone to do something or provide information;
- To suggest: Suggesting an idea or recommending something;
- To narrate: The telling of a story or the recounting of a series of events;
- To argue: The presentation of a point of view with the intention of persuading the listener or reader;
- To describe: The giving of details about a person, place, thing, or event [4].
There should be complexity in any language structure. Ditto for English. Because this component plays a major role in conveying meaning. Complexity is a measure of language's wealth of structure and variety of components that create meaning. For conveying nuanced meaning, expressing abstract ideas, and providing detailed information, complex language structure is particularly important. It allows speakers and writers to convey more precise and sophisticated thoughts by providing greater linguistic flexibility. Some examples of complex language structure are compound - complex sentences are sentences that have more than one independent clause and at least one dependent clause; Subordination and coordination, in which phrases and clauses are arranged in a hierarchical manner; Passive voice constructions when the focus of the sentence is changed by moving the object to the position of the subject; Modals with auxiliary verbs that express possibility, obligation, allow, or ability and conditionals, when sentences express hypothetical situations or consequences of conditions.
In order to master complex language structures, students must focus on grammar rules, vocabulary development, and reading and listening practice from a variety of sources. One's ability to communicate effectively, express sophisticated ideas, and engage in different types of texts and conversations in different contexts will be enhanced by an understanding of complex language structures.
Understanding the different functions of language is essential for students to excel in written and oral communication. By enabling students to express their thoughts, ideas and feelings with precision, a clear understanding of the functions of language promotes effective communication. It also helps them determine the intentions behind what others are saying. It encourages active listening and the development of strong interpersonal and social skills. For students, there are a number of ways in which a strong foundation in the functions of language improves their overall academic performance:
- Better comprehension: Language comprehension features help students understand complex text, interpret subtlety, and deepen their understanding of various subjects;
- Increased vocabulary: Familiarity with the functions of language allows students to expand their vocabulary as they learn how certain words and phrases serve a variety of purposes;
- Improved writing skills: Students who are familiar with language functions are better able to structure their writing based on purpose and audience, resulting in more effective and persuasive writing;
- Improved speaking skills: A firm grasp of the functions of language supports students' ability to adapt their speech to a variety of contexts, to engage in purposeful conversation, and to present information or arguments in a persuasive manner [5].
It is important to be familiar with precision, coherence, variety, and emphasis when analyzing complex language structures. Complex language structures allow speakers and writers to capture subtleties and gradations in their intended messages and to create richer and more varied meanings. Your mastery of complex language structures will enhance your ability to communicate effectively, to express sophisticated ideas, and to engage with a wide range of texts and conversations in a variety of contexts. Some of the benefits of the use of complex language structures for the enhancement of expression are: allowing for more nuanced and detailed information to get communicated and ideas to get understood; Improving the overall cohesion and flow of a text, making it easier for the reader or listener to follow along by using complex language constructions; The use of complex language structures adds richness and variety to the text, preventing
- Филологические науки-
monotony and keeping the audience on the edge of their seats; To emphasize certain points or draw attention to certain aspects of the message, complex structures such as parallelism and chiasmus can be used [6].
The place and role of language in society and in the whole of human society is very important for the study of what happens in society and for the study of science. Therefore, modern linguistics is studied as a multidisciplinary linguistics. It is closely related to the study of modern knowledge and in almost all fields. Linguistics also serves as a basis for the communication of ideas in a variety of ways, the development of creative thinking, thought, language structure, identity, distinction from existing languages,
world views, national pride, and ideological immunity.
To summarize, English has a complex system that includes sound, grammatical, semantic and discourse components. Phonemes, vowels, lexical stress and intonation are part of the sound system of English. Subject-verb-object word order, verb inflection, noun inflection, and adjective comparison are part of the grammatical system. Lexical and grammatical semantics, modals, idioms, and vocabulary are part of the semantic system of English. The rules of conversation, turn taking, politeness, and presuppositions make up the discourse system of English. They contribute to English's diversity and richness, which is why English is so widely studied and spoken.
References
1. Akmajian A., Farmer A.K., Bickmore L., Demers R.A., Harnish R.M. (2017). Linguistics: An introduction to language and communication. MIT Press.
2. Chomsky, N. (2014). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
3. Zulpukarova A.K. Systematicity and asystematicity in the personal-pronominal paradigm of language. - 2018.
4. Linzen T., Baroni M. Syntactic structure from deep learning. Annual Review of Linguistics. -2021. - № 7. - P. 195-212.
5. Brain Kelly An Advanced English Course for Foreign Students. - L., 1960. - 434 p.
6. McArthur T. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman Group Limited, 1981.
7. Rojo A., Ibarretxe-Antunano I. Cognitive linguistics and translation studies: Past, present, and future // Cognitive Linguistics and Translation. - 2013. - № 3-30.
ЛИНГВИСТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА И ЕГО СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ
С.И. Исаков1, доцент З. Сабирбаева2, старший преподаватель 1Ошский технологический университет 2Ошский государственный университет (Кыргызстан, г. Ош)
Аннотация. Для того чтобы понимать и эффективно использовать английский язык, структура языка является важнейшим компонентом. Это систематический способ расположения и организации слов, абзацев и предложений для обеспечения четкой и последовательной коммуникации. Цель этой статьи - дать представление о важности языковой структуры в общении, ее влиянии на литературу и различных функциях языка. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается анализ сложных языковых структур и даются советы по разбору и пониманию этих тонкостей.
Ключевые слова: язык, структура, грамматика, дискурс, синтаксис, текст, морфология, фонология, глаголы.
