THE KARABAKH CONFLICT AND THE INTERNATIONAL LAW

Albert Hayrapetyan

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DOI: 10.52174/2579-2989_2021_1_77

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Библиотека нормативно-правовых актов Союза Советских Социалистических Республик. Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Закон О Порядке Решения Вопросов, Связанных с Выходом Союзной Республики из СССР, http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_16379.htm

База данных законодательство стран СНГ, Конституционный акт Азербайджанской Республики от 18 октября 1991 года №222-Х11 О восстановлении государственной независимости Азербайджанской Республики, https://base.spinform.ru/ show_doc.fwx?rgn=2889 ЪпуЬ тЬ^п|Л:

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" UN, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969, https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf '2 Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v Turkey), Judgement [1978], ICJ Report 3, para 96; Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v Bahrain), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgement [1994] ICJ Report 112, para. 23.

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7 UN, SC, voting system, available at https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/voting-system

8 Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), 1986, ICJ Rep. 14, paras 176 and 193.

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'9 ICC, Rome Statute of International Criminal Court, Article 5. 22, https://www-icc-cpi.int/resource-library/documents/rs-eng-pdf 2° ICC, Rome Statute of International Criminal Court, Article 13, available at https://www.icc-cpi.int/resource-library/documents/rs-eng.pdf

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2 Al Bashir Case, The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/09, https://www.icc-cpi.int/darfur/albashir

22 <ШjШumшhh <Cшhpшщbmnl|Эjшh Uшhdшhшrç.pшl^шh Tшmшpшhh n p n 2 nl d q 1998 [э^ш^ш^ hmLhuh 17-hh <nndmd ui^npa^pi^oió' Uh2шqqшJhh fpbш^шh ^шmшpшhh Чшhnhшq.pmэJшh drnuhh hшdшâшJhшqpmd (Чhg <ШJmшpшpmэJшdp) шdpшqplшö щшpmшl^npnLЭJnLhhbph, CшJШumшhh CшhpшцbmmэJшh Uшhdшhш^pmэJшhQ hшdшцшmшu^шhmэJшh hrnpgQ npn2bLm lbpшpbpJШL qnpönl, https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?docid=4820

23 "bnLjh mb^md:

24 « U9-"b, <шdшцшpфш^ U Qhq.LШJhlшö qnpÖQh^bpmэJшh CшJШumшhh CшhpшцbmmэJшh, ^ ^n^^g U ьфпщш^ш^ Uhmэjшh bl Umndшjhh thbpqhшjh blpnцш^шh hшdшjhfh ^ ^prnhg ^bmmpjmhhbph' djmu ^n^^g, Рюшш^^^) t hbmUJШL h^mdnl' https://www.mfa.am/filemanager/eu/CEPA_ARM_1.pdf

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t mpmmhmjm^b bpbf ÔUn^. 1. ^b^h |nrçd ^bmmpjmhhbpQ |hfmJ bh hmJmÔmjhm-qhp' Qum nph ^b^h L^ômJQ ^bpm^mh^mJ t UUT-hh (hmjmhh t np^bu compromis),

2. hmJmÔmjhmpjmhQ hm^mmbu^mô t ^gmqqmjhh ^wjJwhwqpn^, hh^bu, oph-hm|, «fan2mmhqm^bph U mjL rçmdmh, mhJmp^|mjhh |mJ h^mummghn^ ^bpm-pbpJmhfh m ^mmdh rçbJ» 1984 p.-hh Qh-rçmh^mô |nh^bhghmjh 30-prç. hnrç4môn^6,

3. ^bmmpjmhh UUT Mmhnhmrçpmpjmh 36-prç. hn^^môh hmrn|mhh2hbpn^ hmj-mmpmpmJ t, np 6mhm^mJ t hJmh ^mp-mm^npmpjmh Qhrçmhmô jmprnfmhymp mjL ^bmmpjmh h|mmJmJp Tmmmpmhh hpw^wqnpmpjmhQ pnLnp hpw^w|wh hmp-gbpmJ, npnhf ^bpmpbpmJ bh. m) ^mj-Jmhmqph ^L|timpmti JmtiQ, p) i^igmqqmjhti hpm^nilifh jnLpwfwtiynLp hmpgh, q) i|imu-sh mn|mjmpjmhQ, npQ, bpb hmummm^h, |hbp|wjwghh ^gwqqwjhh ^wpmw^npm-pjmh ^m^smJ, rç.) ^gmqqmjhh ^mpmm-^npmpjmh ^m^mJmh hmJmp ^n^hm-mmgJmh phmjphh U ^m^bphh: <mjmm-pmpmpjmhhbpQ |mpn^ bh LhhbL mnmhg ^mjJmhh |mJ ^n^m^mpômpjmh hhJmh 4pm' mju |mJ mjh ^bmmpjmh

|mJ tL npn2m|h dmJ^bmn^: <wp^ bbf hwdwpmd wnwbâbwhwmnL^ ^bp^n^ Qb^qôbi, np <wjwumwbb m Urçppbgwbp âbnb^wh bb №wgb[ UtfT Mwbnbwrçprn-pjwb 36-prç hnrç^wdn^ bw^wmbu^wd hwjmwpwpnLpjrnbb mbb[mg28: RLUS^, Urçppbgwbp ^wpnrç t «-h ^bd hwjg bbp^wjwgbb[ UtfT pwgwnw^bu « hwdwàwjbmpjwb ^wpwqwjmd:

Uhgmqqmjhh ^npâmJ ^b6bph LmôJmh m^hmhhh |mnmgm|mpqbphg Up-phspmdh J2sm|mh rçmmmpmhh t, npQ umbrçô^bL t 1899 p.-hh' <mmqmjh ^mrçw-Tmpjmh hmJmdnrçn^h 2p2mhm|mJ: Uju

UN, UN Charter, Article 92, https://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-xiv/index.html

ODCHR, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 10 December 1984

entry into force 26 June 1987, Article 30(1), https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cat.aspx

ICJ, Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 36, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/statute

ICJ, Declarations recognizing the jurisdiction of the Court as compulsory, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/declarations

PCA, Contracting Parties, https://pca-cpa.org/en/about/introduction/contracting-parties/

PCA Case N° 2013-19 In the Matter Of The South China Sea Arbitration - Before - An Arbitral Tribunal Constituted Under Annex Vii To The 1982 United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea - Between - The Republic Of The Philippines - And -The People's Republic of China, available at https://www.pcacases.com/pcadocs/PH-CN%20-%2020160712%20-%20Award.pdf Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin at the Press Conference on the White Paper Titled China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea 13 July 2016, https:// www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbxw/t1381980.shtml

OSCE, List showing signatures and ratifications or accessions with respect to the Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration within the OSCE, January, 2020, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/8/2/40119_2.pdf

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famrçw^ plm^mpjml hpm^^lflbpp ^m2m^ml^mô bl ^gmqqmjhl hniJmlh-mmp hprn^mlfh lnp^pn^, Jmulm^npm-^bu' «^mmbpmqJm^ml dmJmlm^ fm-rçwpmghm^ml plm^mpjml ^m2rn^mlni.-pjml Jmuhl» (4-prç. ^nl^blghm) 1949 p.-h dtiUjmli Linli^blghmjn^, npQ, li2JmL p4mL|m-lhl Ql^ml^mô bpbf mjL ^nl^blghmlbph («9-npôn^ pmlm^lbpmJ ^hpm^nplbph U hh^mlrçlbph ^h^m^h pmpbLm^Jml Jmuhl» (1-hl ^nl4blghm)3®, «Ön^mJ qhl^mô mdbph ^mq^g ^hpm^nplbph, hh^mlrç.-lbph U lm^mpb^jmLlbph ^h^m^h pm-pbLm^Jml Jmuhl» (2-prç. ^nl^blghm^, «TmqJmqbphlbph hbm ^mp^m^bp^h Jmuhl» (3-prç. ^nl4blghm))4°, hl^bu lmU 1977 p.-hl Qlrçml^mô bp^ni. Lpmgmgh^ mp-Ömlmqpmpjmllbph («Uhgmqqmjhl qhl-^mô Ql^hmpm^bph qnhbph ^m2m^m-lmpjml Jmuhl» (1-hl mpömlmqpm-pjml)4', «Uhgmqqmjhl plnLjp ^pnrç. qhl-^mô Ql^hmpm^bph qnhbph ^W2rn^m-lmpjml Jmuhl» (2-prç. mpömlmqpm-pjml))42 hbm ^muhl, ^gmqqmjhl Jmp-^muhpm^ml hpm^^lfh «n^lm2mpl» t: 4bpnl2jmL ^nl^blghmlbpQ ^gmqqmjhl hpm^^lf^J m^lm2mm ^m^bpmgmJ-lbp mlbgn^ qnpôhflbpl bl U ^mpmlm-^mJ bl jus cogens u^qpmlflbp, npnlf

33 OSCE, Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, Key resources, Thumbnail cover of the "Factsheet: Court of Conciliation and Arbitration" (OSCE) Factsheet: Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, https://www.osce.org/cca

34 ECHR, European Convention of Human Rights, Article 33, https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_eng.pdf

35 "bnLjl mb^mJ, hn^^mô 34:

36 Council of Europe, European Convention of Human Right, Article 33; Article 34 and Article 47, https://www.echr.coe.int/docu-ments/convention_eng.pdf

37 ICCR, Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949, https://ihl-databas-es.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=AE2D398352C5B028C12563CD002D6B5C&action=openDocument

38 ICRC, Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=4825657B0C7E6BF0C12563CD002D6B-0B&action=openDocument

39 ICRC, Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. Geneva, 12 August 1949, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=2F5AA9B07AB61934C-12563CD002D6B25&action=openDocument

4° ICRC, Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=77CB9983BE01D004C12563CD002D6B3E&action=openDocument

4' ICRC, Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documen-tId=D9E6B6264D7723C3C12563CD002D6CE4&action=openDocument

42 ICRC, Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?docu-mentId=AA0C5BCBAB5C4A85C12563CD002D6D09&action=openDocument

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<s^b[blf, np 4-prç. ^nl^blghsjh ^W2m-^wlmpjwl lbpfn qml^n^. wlôhlf Lhwp-dbfnpbl, wnwlg ^mpw|wlnLpjwl oqmp-4ni.J bl pn[np hps^mlflbphg, U ^bp2hl-lbphu l^smJsJp ^hqh^s^sl |wj ps-pnjw|wl hwp|wrç.pwlfh npUt ^2ng ¿^bmf t ^hpsn^h (hn^^sô 31):

9. fl"p q.b^fbpmd Uqppbgwbb ¡ipwtfmhg nihfr gpbwtywb qnpâbp hwpmgb[ni hwj nwqdwqbpfrbbpfr btywsdwdp:

U"h2wqqwjhl hps^mlfmJ msppbps^-4ni.J t Jspmh^lbph bp^m ^mJp' ophls-^sl U n¿ ophls^sl, U pn|np ophls^sl Jspmh^lbpp, sl^mhp ^bp^n^, qbpm-pjsl ^2 hrnjml^bLm ^wpwqwjmJ oqmp-^mJ bl 3-p^ ^nl^blghwjn^ ushJsl^sô hps^mlflbphg: Ophls^sl Jspmh^lb-pp, hpblg hbpphl, psdrnl^mJ bl bpbf ^Jph- sns2hl, qhl^sô mdbph U ^bp2hl-lbphu ^sq^ ^2 Jmln^ ^sJs^nps^sl-lbph ^np^mulbp, bp^pnp^' wjl nwqJw-^sl ^w^npm^bp U ^bp2hllbphu Jwu ^wqJn^ ^wJw^nplbp' lbpwnjiL ^wqJw-^bp^^wô ^hJw^pmpjwl 2ipdm^bpp (np^buqh ^bp2hllbpu oqm^bl 3-p^ ^nl-^blghwjn^ uwhJwl^wô hpw^mlflbphg, ^bmf t mlblwl ^wlôljw m^^wôhq ^w-nw^wpmJ, hbn^hg humw^npbl l2Jwp^nn. mwppbpwl2wllbp, pwgwhwjm ^bp^n^ ^pbl qblf, Jwpmp ^wpbl ^wmbpwq^ L|wtmtitibpn4 m un^np^jplbpn^43), bppnp^i ¿o^m^wg^wô mwpwôflbph plw|h¿lbp (npnlf hlflwpm^ U qwlq^wôwpwp qblf bl ^bpgpbL (Levée en masse)' dwJwlw| ¿mlbliLn^ ÔUw^npbLm nl^rçwhwjwg |w-nw^wpmJ, Ôbnf pbpbLm mwppbpw^ l2illbp U wjl|44): L2blf lwU, np 1-hl wpôwlwqpmpjmlp uwhJwlmJ t 2im w^bLh ^T^J ^whwl2lbp45:

43 Henriksen A., 2019, International Law, Second edition, Ch. 14, p. 290.

44 LnLjl mb^mJ:

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7. Al Bashir Case, The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/09 https://www.icc-cpi.int/darfur/albashir

8. Council of Europe, European Convention of Human Right, Article 33; Article 34 and Article 47,

https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_ eng.pdf

9. ECHR, European Convention of Human Rights, Article 33,

https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_ eng.pdf

10. Henriksen, A, 2019, International Law, Second edition, Oxford university press.

11. ICJ, Declarations recognizing the jurisdiction of the Court as compulsory, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/declarations

12. ICJ, Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 36, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/statute

13. ICRC, Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols, and their Commentaries, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/ vwTreaties1949.xsp

14. ICJ, Accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo, Overview of the case, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/141

15. Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), 1986, ICJ Rep. 14

16. ODCHR, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 10 December 1984 entry into force 26 June 1987, Article 30(1), https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/ pages/cat.aspx

17. OSCE, Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, Key resources, Thumbnail cover of the "Fact-sheet: Court of Conciliation and Arbitration" (OSCE) Factsheet: Court of Conciliation and Arbitration,

https://www.osce.org/cca

18. OSCE, List showing signatures and ratifica-

tions or accessions with respect to the Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration within the OSCE, January, 2020, https://www.osce.org/files/f/docu-ments/8/2/40119_2.pdf

19. PCA Case N° 2013-19 In the Matter Of The South China Sea Arbitration - Before - An Arbitral Tribunal Constituted Under Annex Vii To The 1982 United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea - Between - The Republic Of The Philippines - And - The People's Republic of China,

https://www.pcacases .com/pcadocs/PH-CN%20 -%2020160712%20-%20Award .pdf

20. PCA, Contracting Parties, https://pca-cpa.org/en/about/introduction/contract-ing-parties/

21. Security Council resolution, S/RES/217, file:///C:/Users/ACER/Downloads/S_ RES_216(1965)-EN.pdf

22. Security Council resolution, S/RES/822, http://unscr.com/files/1993/00822.pdf

23. Security Council resolution, S/RES/853, http://unscr.com/files/1993/00853.pdf

24. Security Council resolution, S/RES/874, file:///C://Users/ACER/Downloads/S_ RES_874(1993)-EN.pdf

25. Security Council resolution, S/RES/884, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/884

26. UN, Charter of the United Nations, https://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chap-ter-vii/index.html

27. Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin at the Press Conference on the White Paper Titled China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea 13 July 2016, https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbxw/ t1381980.shtml

28. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Done at Vienna on 23 May 1969, https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/ conventions/1_1_1969.pdf

Альберт АИРАПЕТЯН

Ассистент кафедры международных экономических отношений, АГЭУ, кандидат экономических наук

МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО

карабахский конфликт и международное право

Решение Арцахского конфликта, несомненно, является вопросом первостепенной важности для армянского общества. Однако этот вопрос в основном обсуждался с политической, исторической и моральной точек зрения и значительно меньше - с точки зрения международного права. В статье предпринята попытка частично восполнить пробел, представив ключевой аспект конфликта в свете международно-правовых норм. В частности, в статье обсуждались следующие вопросы: правовая сторона статуса Арцаха, четыре известные резолюции Совета Безопасности ООН, возможности разрешения некоторых вопросов конфликта в международных судах, а также права военнопленных, мирного населения и участников войны в контексте международного гуманитарного права.

Ключевые слова: карабахский конфликт, решения СБ ООН, международное уголовное право, международное гуманитарное право, международные конвенции

Albert HAYRAPETYAN

PhD in Economics, Assistant Professor in the Chair of International Economics, ASUE

NTERNATIONAL LAW

the karabakh conflict and the international law

The transformation of the Artsakh conflict is undoubtedly an issue of utmost importance for Armenian society. However, the issue has been mainly discussed from political, historical and moral perspectives and significantly less from the perspective of international law. The article will try to partially fill the lacuna by presenting the key aspect of the conflict in light of the international legal regulations. In particular, the following issues were discussed in the paper: legal side of the status of Artsakh, the 4 well-known UN Security Council resolutions, the possibility of resolving certain elements of the conflict in the international courts, as well as the rights of prisoners of war, civilians and war combatants in the context of international humanitarian law.

Key words: fKarabakh conflict, the UN SC decisions, international criminal law, international

humanitarian law, international conventionsc

THE KARABAKH CONFLICT AND THE INTERNATIONAL LAW Текст научной статьи по специальности «Политологические науки»

Аннотация научной статьи по политологическим наукам, автор научной работы — Albert Hayrapetyan

Похожие темы научных работ по политологическим наукам , автор научной работы — Albert Hayrapetyan

КАРАБАХСКИЙ КОНФЛИКТ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО

Текст научной работы на тему «THE KARABAKH CONFLICT AND THE INTERNATIONAL LAW»