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THE INVESTIGATION OF LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS
Bozorova L.B.
Bozorova Lobar Bazarbaevna - Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, PHILOLOGY FACULTY, GULISTAN STATE UNIVERSITY, GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article talks about various methods of teaching foreign language. The author tried to narrow the theoretical base of the methods and gave her own position. She also mentions that every method adds its own contribution to the development of language teaching methodology. After all they create one total unique method where the features of all teaching approaches are involved.
Keywords: teach, effectiveness, Method, ESL, TPR, foundation.
Today the race to teach and study foreign languages becomes inseparable part of social life. It is trusted that via language everything can be achieved. Wealth, health, respect, status, popularity, friends and other significant units are promised with the possession of language proficiency. Though realizing the above facts people set off engaging themselves with teaching and studying foreign languages. As an amateur and semi-professional language specialist those people tend to use different methods willing to accomplish their needs. They knew the fact that throughout the history a number of different teaching approaches and methods have been tried and tested. So sometimes they need to have an experience to implement these methods into their practice as they were not real specialists [1]. However, the eagerness urged them try every method and approach on accordance of their popularity and effectiveness. The theoretical sequence is distinguished as follows: The Direct Method - By hearing about this method we will have an association relating to some sort of military drill, which is not far off as it was first established in France and Germany in the early 1900's to assist soldiers to communicate in a second language instantly. Another name of the direct method of teaching English is the Natural Method. It's used to teach a number of different languages not just English, and the main phenomenon in the Direct Method is that it only uses the target language that the students are trying to obtain. Its focal point is oral skill and it is taught via repetitive drilling. The Grammar Translation Method -Coming from its own name, this method of teaching English is grammar and it relies a lot on translation. This is the traditional or 'classical' way of learning a language and it's still used up to now when learning some languages. This style of teaching is preferable by some countries and the main idea behind this method is that the students learn all grammar rules, so they're able to translate a number of sentences. However, it has quite unsupportive feature that the tasks used in the method can not be applied in practice, especially in communication. The emergence of this method served as a foundation of the evolution of language teaching methodology. The Audio Lingual Method - otherwise known as the New Key Method or Army Method is based on a behaviorist theory that means things are can be learned by regular reinforcement. However, just like in the army when someone behaves badly, the learner receives negative feedback and the contrary happens when a student demonstrates good use of English [2]. This is referred to the Direct Method and just like its predecessor it only uses the target language. The main difference between the Audio Lingual Method and the Direct Method is its core unit of teaching. The Direct Methods focuses on the teaching of vocabulary whereas the Audio Lingual Method focuses on specific grammar teachings. Suggestopedia - This is also related to behaviorist theory and refers to pseudoscience. This method depends on students' belief about the method's effectiveness. The intention of this theory is to offer learners different choices, which in turn aids them become more accountable for their learning. It relies a lot on the atmosphere and the physical surroundings of the class. In the lesson process where Suggestopedia is used,
there's a lot of art and music involved [1]. Total Physical Response - in other terms known as TPR is an approach that follows the idea of 'learning by doing'. Beginners will learn English through a series of repetitive actions such as "Stand up", "Open your book", "Close the door", and "Walk to the window and open it." With TPR, the most important skill is aural comprehension and everything else will follow naturally later [2]. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) - The idea behind this approach is to help learners communicate more effectively and correctly in realistic situations that they may find themselves in. This type of teaching involves focusing on important functions like suggesting, thanking, inviting, complaining, and asking for directions to name but a few. The Silent Way - put the emphasis on learners' autonomy. The teacher acts merely as a facilitator trying to encourage students to be more active in their learning. The main of this way of teaching is for the teacher to say very little, so students can take control of their learning. There's a big emphasis on pronunciation and a large chunk of the lesson focuses on it. The teacher evaluates their students through careful observation [3].
Shortly saying there are many things to talk about the methods of teaching English or foreign language. The length of article will not let us to make an attempt to highlight the data in detailed order. However, although the above mentioned ideas are too narrowed they are written to the point and the essence of different methods is clearly defined.
References
1. Bazarova L.B. Learning foreign language through reading // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 40.
2. Rahmonova K.T. Self study is a discovery of effective language learning strategy // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 42.
3. Rashidov A.S. Interpretation and its peculiar features in communication // Nauchno'y jurnal. № 5 (18), 2017. S. 71.
