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29The International legal character of the international organizations’ resolutions Nodirkhonova N.
Международно-правовой характер резолюций международных организаций Нодирхонова Н. Д.
Нодирхонова Нилуфар Дониерходжаевна / Nodirkhonova Nilufar Doniyorkhodjaevna -
преподаватель,
кафедра ЮНЕСКО международного права и прав человека, факультет международного права,
Университет мировой экономики и дипломатии, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: this article discusses issues related to the resolution of international organizations: the concept, the legal nature of their place and improvement in the international regulatory system.
Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с резолюцией
международных организаций: понятие, юридическая природа, их место и повышение в международной нормативной системе.
Keywords: sources of law, international conventions, decisions and resolutions of international organizations, acts of international organizations.
Ключевые слова: источники права, международные соглашения, решения и резолюции международных организаций, акты международных организаций.
At present, international organizations and multilateral cooperation within the States are as one of the most effective means of solving the complex issues of international relations. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I. A. Karimov pointed out a very life-true idea in his speech during the meeting of Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Office of the President and the Cabinet of Ministers dedicated to the 16th anniversary of Independence: «At the moment Uzbekistan has been actively participating in the work of the international organizations such as the United Nations, the OIC, OSCE, EurAsEC, SCO, CSTO, CIS, as well as a number of the specialized international structures making a significant contribution to ensure regional security»1.
International organizations have not only taken part in various forms of international relations as an ‘area» for compromising the wills of countries, but also as independent actors too. The activities of international intergovernmental organizations is of inferior importance, in purely legal sense, its important aspect are their rule-making activities1 2. In this regard, V. I. Margiev stated that «International organizations, being a part of the international system, carries out codification and control functions associated with it in the same level with countries affecting seriously to the development of the world». As well as in the Principle of international law it was pointed out that «law-making creativity of international organizations is an integral part of the general international law»3.
1 Prezident Islom Karimovning O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Majlisi, Vazirlar Mahkamasi va Prezident Devonining O‘zbekiston mustaqilligining 16 yilligiga bag‘Ishlangan Qo‘shma majlisidagi ma’ruzasi // http://www.press-service.uz/uz/gsection.scm?groupId=5254&content[d=32444/. - 2007. -
2 сент.
2 Маргиев В. И. Правотворчество международных организаций. - Майкоп, 1998. - С. 46.
3 Ковалева Т. М. Правотворческая деятельность межгосударственной организации как способ реализации учредительного акта: Автореф. дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук. - Калининград, 1999. - С. 10.
In the same way it can be said that international organizations are making positive contribution into the regulation of international relations with their international legal acts -namely with their resolutions.
It should be noted that the term «resolution» refers to the total value. In fact, the collective term such as «the resolution of international organizations» covers all types of legal documents produced by international organizations1. It means that resolution can be a source of law, interpretation of law and application of acts. However, in recent times, in the practice of international organizations the notion of the resolution has been dominating. The choice of this word in the topic of the Dissertation is associated with these matters. The doctrine of international law positively accepts resolutions as a source and recognizes the important role of them the formation, codification and development of international law. In our country's international law doctrine the important role of international organizations’ resolutions is also emphasized as a source of international law1 2.
In the literature on international law the term ‘resolution» is defined as the act of expressing the will of the states, which are the members of the competent authority, in accordance with the procedures and principles of the Charter of this organization. Uzbek international-lawyer scholar, Sh.N. Rakhmonov gave the following definition of copyright: «International organizations’ resolutions - are the decrees which are adopted by consensus or majority vote after reaching a compromise among the member states’ wishes, which has an obligatory character according to the binding power of the international organizations’ establishment document (the Regulations), or recognized as such kind of document by international community, or possesses this feature only owing to the existing international legal practice, or to establish the foundations and areas of cooperation in certain spheres for international law subjects, to establish the basis of international peace, security and law enforcement, the provision and support of them, or the document aiming at defining the rules and the orders within the framework of international organizations»3.
It is noteworthy that the issue regarding the legal force of the resolutions of international organizations has not been solved up to the final end in the science of International Law. Moreover, in our country there has not been conducted enough scientific research on it. For this reason T.N Neshataeva expresses her reasoned opinion as «the issue on the importance of the interstate relations and resolutions (Resolutions and Recommendations) of the intergovernmental organizations has not been researched enough yet»4.
Academic G. I. Tunku expressed his opinion as well: «The role of specialized international organizations’ regulatory recommendations is, undoubtedly, increasing in the international relations. Therefore, the determination of their legal nature and the true role is of not only theoretical but also practical significance».
There were expressed many opinions in international legal literature about the validity of the decisions of international organizations. In particular, the professor P. N. Biryukov said, «the power of the resolutions of international organizations is associated with their Charters. In accordance with the Charter of most of the bodies, their resolutions have recommendatory character». We agree with the idea regarding the legal power of the international organizations’ resolutions origins from their charter5.
1 Международное право: Учебник / Отв. ред. Ю. М. Колосов, Э. С. Кривчикова. - М.: Международные отношения, 2001. - С. 228.
2 Международное право: Учебник / Отв. ред. Ю. М. Колосов, Э. С. Кривчикова. - М.: Международные отношения, 2001. - С. 228.
3 Рахманов Ш. Н. Признание резолюций международных организаций в качестве источника международного права: Автореф. дис. ... канд. юрид. наук. - Т.: УМЭД, 2007. - С. 12.
4 Нешатаева Т. Н. Международные организации и право. Новые тенденции в международно-правовом регулировании. 2-е изд. - М.: Дело, 1999. - С. 91.
5 Бирюков П. Н. Обязательные резолюции международных организаций // Его же. Международное право: Учеб. пособие. - М.: Юристъ, 1998. - С. 48.
A number of resolutions of international organizations, according to the legal power and nature are international legal documents, and on top of that, if they meet certain criteria, they are also known as the sources of international law. The following can be recognized as those criteria: the legally binding effect of a resolution (the Regulations) should directly origin from the text of the document or should be clearly recognized by the subjects of international law; the resolution may have a legally binding character not only according to member states’ wish, but also because of the rule-making of international organizations, that’s to say their expression of desire too and this situation should come up directly from the text of the document; resolutions are not only an act of law enforcement, but law establishing documents too; the norm setting feature is not characteristic only to the domestic legal documents of international organizations but also to the external legal documents - to the international law norms too; regulatory resolutions creates rights and obligations not only for member states but also for the organization itself; the obligatory resolutions are binding not only on member states, but also for other subjects of international law as a source of international law1.
Consequently, as a result of the conducted brief research about the analysis of international legal character of the resolutions of international organizations reached the following conclusions:
Firstly, the resolutions of the international organizations on their own basis are considered as international sources of law;
Secondly, not all the resolutions of international organizations, but only some of them are recognized as sources of international law;
Thirdly, if the resolutions are recognized as a source of international law, or if such a situation evolves from the resolution itself, it is regarded as an assisting source;
Fourth, the resolutions are not only law enforcement or interpretation of the law, but it is also the development act of international law; the international organizations through adopting or signing their resolutions do not only support international agreements or habits, but also creates a new norm decisions;
Fifth, as the resolutions of international organizations are recognized as a source of international law, it should be binding not only for the international organizations that have adopted them, but also for the entire international community too.
References
1. Prezident Islom Karimovning O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Majlisi, Vazirlar Mahkamasi va Prezident Devonining O‘zbekiston mustaqilligining 16 yilligiga bag‘Ishlangan Qo‘shma majlisidagi ma’ruzasi // [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http: // www.press-
service.uz/uz/gsection.scm?groupId=5254&contentId=32444/. (Дата обращения: 2007.
- 2 сент.).
2. Маргиев В. И. Правотворчество международных организаций. - Майкоп, 1998. - С. 46.
3. Ковалева Т. М. Правотворческая деятельность межгосударственной организации как способ реализации учредительного акта: Автореф. дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук. -Калининград, 1999. - С. 10.
4. Международное право: Учебник / Отв. ред. Ю. М. Колосов, Э. С. Кривчикова. -М.: Международные отношения, 2001. - С. 228.
5. Бирюков П. Н. Обязательные резолюции международных организаций // Его же. Международное право: Учеб. пособие. - М.: Юристъ, 1998. - С. 48.
6. Нешатаева Т. Н. Международные организации и право. Новые тенденции в международно-правовом регулировании. 2-е изд. - М.: Дело, 1999. - С. 91.
