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THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF PREPARATION OF SPECIALISTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERACTION OF STATE AND CORPORATE NETWORKS
А. K. Oreshkina
Continuity of the educational process in the system of lifelong education is coherent with continuity of the integrated system of preparation of specialists in the context of cooperation between governmental and corporate networks.
Based on an analysis of the theory and practice of the corporate network involved in the activities of training, retraining and advanced training of professionals of different level of qualification, one of the preconditions includes creation of a new organizational and informative basis of on-the-job training, training on probation and industrial placement, scientific education, and a system of monitoring of employment of graduates. This is focused on optimization of scientific and educational and methodological support of the educational process, as well as legislative and financial regulation of the process of interaction between corporate networks and governmental institutions providing professional training services.
Due to the need for a more specific definition of the essence of interaction and legislative support of joint activities of governmental and corporate networks, it is necessary to use the potential of the restructuring process of both educational institutions providing professional training services and companies of the industry characterized by conglomerate diversification, which is a basis for forming industry holding companies carrying out joint activities with the related structures, as well as with professional institutions of different levels of education and scientific institutions. This is exactly the understanding of theoretical and methodological concepts of modern pedagogical theory that change the idea of traditional practice of training of specialists for current production. Conceptual reasoning of the diversified integration model of specialists’ training is a dominant direction in development of theoretical and methodological basis. This model takes into account consistency and integrity, the personality-based and activity-based character of training of a specialist, and the important role of an employer of a specific industry setting the requirements to professional competence of a specialist focused on improvement of competitiveness of the industry.
It is possible to determine the specific substance of each level of qualification (depending on increase or enrichment of new competences and to reflect the above processes in educational programs) in the course of preparation of specialists. Such an approach will result in switching the focus from specific disciplines and curriculums (with simultaneous preservation of their strong points) to competencies and expected results of the educational process, which will make it possible to be focused on new educational models providing for organization of proactive training. The main tasks will include bringing the contents and structure of professional training into conformity with important labor market needs; development of quality assurance techniques, and innovation character.
There is a delay in development of the fundamental concepts for further
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innovative development of Russian professional training, and its important institutional changes supported by the government plans and budget financing, as compared to the rate of social and economic growth of Russia. The number of educational institutions that use innovation techniques in their operations is small, and there are no mechanisms of competition and expansion of the new approaches to implementation of educational programs of lifelong professional training. Several educational initiatives have local character, and they do not cover the whole system of national education. Provision of high-quality education necessary for guaranteeing equal starting opportunities for career and personal development of Russian citizens, remains, from one point of view, insufficient, and from the other point of view, too differentiated in terms of social and economic conditions in different constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This issue represents a set of problems prevailing at different levels of education.
Solving the important problem of preparation of a competitive specialist may be achieved by development of promising directions at federal, regional, industry levels and their interaction. The main task of current education is to implement a program-oriented method (method of special-purpose programs), which includes creation of a model of interaction of state and corporate networks in the process of preparation of technical staff with guarantee of integrity of strictly structured and well-developed curriculums, and with creation and use of financial and organizational mechanisms of implementation, as well as control over intermediary and final results of its implementation. In view of the above, it seems expedient to implement, as part of the system of lifelong professional education, a diversified integrated model of staff preparation that provides for creation of new conditions for integration of education, sectorial science, production and business. Such a model can be considered to be a basis for development of modern forms in interaction between education, science and production that have common entrepreneurial and corporate ideology. Within the framework of the diversified integrated model of state and corporate interaction in preparation of workers, which means form of organization of educational activities making it possible to unite the individuals into a mutually beneficial society for joint participation in one or different interrelated educational processes, it seems expedient to use the technology of project-command preparation of workers.
The corporate network of the post-industrial educational environment can be organized based on a structural-subject diversified integrated model of interaction of governmental and corporate network of preparation of staff focused on guaranteeing the ongoing professional training of qualified workers and specialists, which is coherent with the implementation of the diversified integrated model of interaction between state and corporate networks of staff preparation. This model is characterized by special form of conglomerate diversification as a type of diversification that demonstrates integration of educational institutions of all levels of lifelong professional education - institutions of industry and its scientific organizations. For this reason it is possible to balance preparation of workers by types, kinds and categories of students. In order to create the infrastructure of the diversified integrated model of interaction of state and corporate networks of preparation of workers of the new generation it is expedient to: (a) guarantee federal support at a level of the Government of the Russian Federation and the
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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Agency of National Qualifications at the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, and companies of the industry; (b) guarantee regional support at the level of administrations and regions and constituent entities of the Russian Federation; (c) guarantee partnership (contractual) relations with companies, institutions and organizations of different levels, being part of the integrated railway industry; (d) develop partnership with organizations, sectorial companies, subjects of different forms of ownership focused on development of the infrastructure of interaction between state and corporate networks; (e) guarantee the formation, development and support of the developing infrastructure for interaction (network of branches and representative offices of the branch) at federal, regional, and sectorial levels considering the international standards of development of the industry.
From this perspective, the main functions of the diversified integrative model of interaction between state and corporate networks shall include: (1) enrichment of educational programs and educational systems providing for an increase in the range, change of character and contents of educational services provided in the field of professional training considering specific characteristics of the industry; (2) enrichment of educational programs and systems of professional training in the context of levels of preparation, contents of different forms of preparation, means of implementation of the educational services; (3) expectation-driven focus on the final result -preparation of specialists for the industry considering its development strategy, providing for proactive preparation for the industry based on coordination with the labor market requirements and requirements of the relevant employer; (4) implementation of modern educational systems, methods, methodology of the integrated education, information and communication systems and other technologies considering the innovative character of the lifelong professional education; (5) creation of best conditions for the modular principle of educational programs making it possible to organize combined two-level preparation of specialists demanded by the industry; (6) development and implementation of the main characteristics of the system of state control and public audit of quality of the integrated preparation of specialists: focus of corporate goals, focus of the needs of the national economy, proactive development of the industry, etc. Implementation of the above functions provides for organization of technology of command-project preparation of specialists of the specific industry considering its complex structural and functional organization.
Solving the important issue of development of theoretical and methodological support for the project-command technique of preparation of a specialist, providing for development of variation models of the integrated system of preparation of a professional in the environment of interaction between state and corporate networks, is focused on preparation of specialists for advanced industries of the post-industrial society. It also reflects the expectation-driven tendency of proactive preparation of specialists considering complex reorganization of national industries and generation of the integrated production structures focused on development of the innovative processes in education, science, and production corporate networks.
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