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THE INFLUENCE OF SHAKESPEARE ON THE WORLD
LITERATURE
Khonimkulova M.Kh. Email: [email protected]
Khonimkulova Mokhidil Khayrullo kizi - Student, DEPARTMENT OF THEORY AND PRACTICE OF FRENCH LANGUAGE,
FACULTY OF ROMAN-GERMAN PHILOLOGY, UZBEK STATE UNIVERSITY OF WORLD LANGUAGES, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article the talk goes about the greatest representative of the world literature - whose works have been translated for several times into Uzbek William Shakespeare. The great English dramatist and poet W. Shakespeare's arts are such masterpieces of the world that man never gets tired of astonishment: although the history stepping forward so fast, the change in life style speeded up - the compositions written hundreds years ago by this outstanding playwright turned to be necessary as an air and water. Throughout, the article author tried to depict everything relating to life and work of the writer. The core point of the article put on the influence of Shakespeare on the world literature and about his heritage brought to the upcoming generation. Keywords: dramatic, influence, heritage, humanity, creation, tragedies.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ШЕКСПИРА НА МИРОВУЮ ЛИТЕРАТУРУ Хонимкулова М.Х.
Хонимкулова Мохидил Хайрулло кизи - студент, кафедра теории и практики французского языка, факультет романо-германской филологии, Узбекский государственный университет мировых языков, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье рассказывается о величайшем представителе мировой литературы, чьи произведения несколько раз переводились на узбекский язык. Искусство великого английского драматурга и поэта В. Шекспира - это такие шедевры мира, которыми человеку никогда не надоест удивляться: хотя история движется так быстро, изменения в образе жизни ускорились - композиции написанные сотни лет назад этим выдающимся драматургом, оказалось весьма необходимым средством для человечества. На протяжении всей статьи автор изображает все, что касается жизни и творчества писателя. Суть статьи -влияние Шекспира на мировую литературу и его наследие для будущего поколения. Ключевые слова: драматургия, влияние, наследие, человечество, творчество, трагедии.
UDC 82-2
The dramatic arts, has through the years, produced notable practitioners in the various ages. A great many of these practitioners have creatively churned out works that have not only highlighted the peculiarities of their periods of dramatic history, but have also outlined the time confines of their ages, and the relevance of their works have defied geographical boundaries. Such works continue to have profound influence even on the 21st century sociopolitical and economic scenes, and are subjects of discourses to this day. Two of such practitioners have been Sophocles, (496 - 406 B.C.), whose works, constitute an epitome of the classical tradition, and William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616), a veritable exponent of Elizabethan drama, and probably the greatest dramatist of all [1]. The works written by Shakespeare always keep alive the notions like reality, humanitarian value and the existence of the motives that still are torturing the humanity as love, hate, friendship, betrayal, honesty
and courtliness, authoritativeness and abeyance may guarantee that these works of the great dramatist will never die even after 400 years. Therefore we never bored of reading and watching the scenes of his works.
The doctor of Philology I. Khakkul noted that "W. Shakespeare is a literary king who conquers the world with no efforts".
There is no nation in the world - has no passion toward Shakespeare. And surely there is no language in which the heroes of Shakespeare did not talk. The reader of Shakespeare is considered to be the highest scale of culture.
The first perio d of Shake speare's c reatio n deal s with struggle of central state against the feudal anarchy, advocating the issues related to state and people fate. The plays written in that time depicted the pure beauty of the people lived in Renaissance. The dramatic sides of life thoroughly expre s sed in the tragedy "Ro meo and Juliet".
The second period of Shake speare's creation is characterized by the development of his dramatic movement. He created the tragedies which absorbed the ideas about humanity, decliner of bourgeois system, the contradiction of will and dreams of human to the born capitalistic orders.
The third period of Shakespeare's creation can be de scribed as the time where he started working on the new genre that slightly impacts on the listener so called tragic comedy, instead of tragedies involving big social and political events making the person admire. Though, Shakespeare became loyal to his humanitarian ideas. The novels had good ending, but this did not make the novel to compromise the system, controversially he started writing the play s having the feature of rejectio n of oppo s ite power's behavio r. Although he partially admitted the genre tragic comedy, he put deep humanitarian ideas into it.
Shakespeare used in his plays a combination of prose, rhymed poetry, and blank verse. Blank verse is unrhymed, or -blank, poetry with a distinct rhythm known as iambic pentameter. Each line of iambic pentameter consists of five iambs, rhythmic units made up of a weakly stressed syllable followed by a strongly stressed one as in the word fo ~rg et. A simpler way of describing this type of verse is to say that it contains ten syllables per line, and every other syllable is stressed [2].
The greatest representative of the English Renaissance Shakespeare wrote many works of art which are still read by the majority of readers. The works of this playwright also sounded in Uzbek theatres. Due to the hardship done by writers and translators such as: G. Gulom, M.Shaykhzoda, Uygun, T. Tula, J. Kamol the famous masterpieces written by the founder of English literature came to world in our mother tongue. Thank to them we could witness the change in Uzbek literature. Although the transfer of original work into the source is quiet medium both in meaning and the layout they could partially give us the chance to understand the reality and the vividness of Shakespearean works. He noted that love is equal for king and slave as well. The genre he drew the picture was the most difficult in literature. Nobody among the writers of world literature could achieve the rate as Shakespeare. All his works almost, written in poetic order. Frequently, the actors at rehearsal complain about the difficulty of poems to learn by heart. But the poetic style of Shakespeare fluent and expressive. To learn and memorize them is very easy.
Shakespeare left an eternal heritage to the generation and millions of literature lovers are getting pleasure from this intangible source. The inheritance of Shakespeare - is everlasting flame. For ages its ray lightens the souls of world nation, joining them together, acquainting people to each other and connecting them, it convinces the reader and the viewer as well, that the darkness never outweighs the light, it shows the direction to those who lost their ways, and it supports those who are in grief and in trouble.
The influence of the images created by William Shakespeare on world literature and culture is difficult to overestimate. Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet - these names have long become a household name. They are used not only in works of art, but also in ordinary speech as a designation of a human being. For us, Othello is a jealous man, Lear
is a parent destitute for the heirs, whom he himself did well, Macbeth is a usurper of power, and Hamlet is a personality who is torn by internal contradictions.
Though, the usage of his styles is still visible in contemporary literature. Thank for him we can see the implicit idea of the writing together with its morality. And of course it's difficult to use his points in our writings as a member of Uzbek literature due to the fact that they are unique for the English - however; through the means of translation we are able to apply the techniques on our own.
References / Список литературы
1. Chambers Edmund Kerchever, 1944. Shakespearean Gleanings. Oxford University Press. Р. 35.
2. Mazzeno Laurence W., Frank orthen Magilsadasdasdls, Dayton Kohler, 1996. [1949]. Masterplots: 1,801 Plot.
3. Stories and Critical Evaluations of the World's Fine st Literature. Salen Pre ss. Р. 2837.
4. Hovde Carl F. "Introduction" Moby-Dick by Herman Melville, Spark Publishing, 2003. Page xxvi.
5. Gager Valerie L., 1996. Shakespeare and Dickens: The Dynamics of Influence. Cambridge University Press. P. 163.
6. Gaskell Philip, 1998. Landmarks in English Literature. Edinburgh University Press. Pp. 13-14.
7. Brown Calvin Smith, Harrison Robert L. Masterworks of World Literature Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
8. Bozorova L.B. Sovremennoe informatsionnoe texnologii v protsesse formirovaniya leksiche skix navo'kov na urokax angliy sko go yazo'ka «Nauka, obrazovanie i kultura». № 4 (19), 2017.
9. Mamatkulova B.R. Kontsept «ognya» i protse ss ego izucheniya v istorii «Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya». № 5 (16), 2017. Str. 3 9.
10. Bazarova L.B. Lear i g f reig la guage r u readi g «Nauka i braz va ie eg d ya». № 5 (16), 2017. Str. 40.
