CC BY
3
УДК 378
Nurmatova N.N. theacher
the department of social and humanitarian sciences
Andijan state medical Institute
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS VALUES ON POLITICAL
PROCESSES
Annotation: This article deals with the tendency ofpoliticization of religion, the form of its manifestation.
Key words: confrontation, religion, researcher, geopolitics, social.
After the collapse of the world socialist system, the block confrontation was replaced by interethnic, interethnic and inter-confessional wars and conflicts, the causes of which are aggressive intolerance and the desire for new types of domination. Instead of the old ideological scarecrow-communism, a new monster was created-Islam, whose image in the mass consciousness is increasingly associated with a bearded terrorist fan. Today, Islamophobia threatens to overwhelm the whole world.
The reason for the latter, according to some experts, is that Islam is currently experiencing a period of political revival, similar to that which Christianity experienced in its time. In the modern world this is expressed in the appearance of various religious and political doctrines. They include, for example, the theory of the «Islamic way of development», which is reduced to a declaration of the desire for peace, social justice, democracy, equality of all peoples and nations, and recognizing Islam as the cornerstone of state ideology.
However, as the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov, the processes taking place in the modern world under the flag of the revival of «true Islam and its values», as a rule, are diverse and contradictory. Being, in the opinion of most researchers, the most politicized world religion, Islam, at the same time, is a system of socio-political, moral, cultural and economic standards of the believer's life.
Another thing is Islamism or politicized Islam, which aims to build a state based on Islamic principles, first in one country, and then in the whole world.
Politicalized Islam is characterized by antipathy towards Western values, increased political activity and uncompromising decision-making, a willingness to use violent methods of proving one's rightness. In Algeria, Lebanon and Egypt, Islamists openly resort to violence to force society and authorities to adopt their development program. Such a zealous concern for the destinies of people and society, as well as a special interpretation of «true Islam,» does not pass without a trace. In some countries, this led to the forcible imposition of Muslim order and understanding of the canons of Islam, infringement of the rights of religious and national minorities.
However, the main goals of religious radicals are not at all «purifying Islam» or «restoring the purity of faith,» but in destabilizing the socio-political situation for their political purposes.
In most cases, the activation of the Islamic factor in the modern world coincides with the periods of strengthening state independence and the sovereignty of young states. The main reasons for this are strictly outlined by the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov. First, the collapse of communist ideology and the corresponding security system. Secondly, the growth of national identity, whose historical and cultural roots are associated with religion. Thirdly, the socio-economic upheavals that occur during the transition from one economic system to another.
Religious revival and activation of the religious factor in recent years have become characteristic of the CIS countries. Among them are six republics -Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan, in which the majority of the population is traditionally Muslim. For the Central Asian states, Islam has become one of the main factors affecting their domestic and foreign policies. Its influence in these states is one of the key not only for the development of the region, but also for the overall alignment of geopolitical forces on the Eurasian continent.
The increased interest in the Central Asian region is caused by a combination of geopolitical and economic reasons. It is in the zone of close attention of two groups of states. The first group includes: Iran, Pakistan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Strengthening the positions of Islam will allow these countries to exert their influence through religion, both on the external and internal policies of the states of Central Asia.
The second group includes participants in the «big game»: the United States, Russia, China, European countries, Israel and India. The interests of this group are much more serious and have far-reaching plans. They are caused by the central geographical location of the region and the geostrategic interests of the subjects of international law adjoining it.
At the Istanbul summit of the heads of the OSCE participating states, which was held on November 18-19, 1999, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov noted that the Central Asian states, and Uzbekistan in particular, are faced with far-reaching plans of radical centers for the expansion of religious extremism and terrorism, attempts to turn the countries of the region from their chosen path of a democratic, legal and secular way of development.
In Central Asia, the process of strengthening the Islamic factor and the radicalization of religion began as a result of the weakening of the traditional leverage of the collapsing centralized state, as well as direct external influence.
The main factors of strengthening Islam and its politicization in the republic should be divided into external and internal.
External factors:
1) geopolitical;
2) foreign policy;
3) religious;
4) military-political;
5) cultural and ideological. Internal factors:
1) religious and ideological;
2) economic;
3) social;
4) psychological.
Analysis of history shows that the activation of the process of politicization of religion in a given country leads to various forms of instability and a qualitative lowering of the threshold of predictability of events. This, in turn, hinders the socio-economic development of any country.
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