CC BY
2
UDC 332; DOI 10.18551/rjoas.2022-12.17
THE INFLUENCE OF RAISA TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION ON FARMER'S INCOME IN MUARA TELANG DISTRICT OF BANYUASIN REGENCY, INDONESIA
Utari Natasha Nabila Kintan*, Andy Mulyana, Wulan Sari Dwi
Department of Agribusiness, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia *E-mail: nabila.kintan@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of RAISA technology application on Farmer's Income in Muara Telang District, Banyuasin Regency; This research conducted in Telang Makmur, Telang Rejo and Sumber Hidup Village, Muara Telang District. The method used was the survey method. Total of respondent in this research was 240 farmers in 3 villages which divided into two groups (farmers that applied RAISA technology and conventional farmers). The analysis method was using Farming Analysis. The result was the application of RAISA technology had significant impact on Farmer's income in Muara Telang District. Based on farming analysis, farmers that used RAISA technology had higher income than conventional farmers.
KEYWORDS
Paddy, cooperator, conventional, socio-economics, tidal land.
Based on Rachmawatie (2020), the government nowadays is intensively implemented programs to increase the agricultural output capacity especially in rice production, because the demand of rice as one of the main food sources and the highest energy supplies in Indonesia. In addition, increasing rice production was also to improved welfare by increasing farmers' income. For realization, sub-optimal land can be used, like tidal or swamp land, but the use of the land in various areas has not shown optimal result (Nugroho et al, 2016). In order to overcome these obstacles, based on the Suwanda et al (2014) which discussed the used of tidal land in various areas, it still doesn't showed optimal results. To actualize that, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) has been doing a lot of research and dissemination of specific site agricultural technology by creating compatible and synergistic technology packages, one of the research results was RAISA Technology. RAISA was an enhanced technology package specifically for tidal land, component of technology draws from integrated and resource management (PTT) but became super and actual because used latest innovation to support increased productivity by look after the sustainability and land's quality in the future (Widyantoro, 2019). This technology has been done in various areas in Indonesia; one of those areas was in Banyuasin Regency. This technology was applied in Banyuasin Regency for the first time in Tungkal Ilir District in 2019 and in Muara Telang District in 2020. Based on that description, the researcher was interested to see how the influence of RAISA technology application in increase farmers' income, this research conducted in Telang Makmur, Telang Rejo and Sumber Hidup Village, Muara Telang District.
METHODS OF RESEARCH
This research conducted in Telang Makmur, Telang Rejo and Sumber Hidup Village, Muara Telang District. The location of this research was chosen intentionally (purposive sampling) by considering Muara Telang District as the latest assisted by government, extension and Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), and has the most rice farmers who used RAISA technology. Data collection in the field has been carried out from March 2022 until completed. Method that used in this research was survey method, carried out directly to the research location and interviews with farmers.
The sampling techniques in this research was Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling, this sampling technique was because the respondent population were not
homogeneous and stratified which means not proportional in determining the sample. Total of respondent in this research was 240 farmers in 3 villages which divided into two groups (farmers that apply RAISA technology and conventional farmers).
Table 1 - Number of Samples and Proportion of each village
No Village Populations (person) J Sample(person) Percentage (%)
Cooperators Conventional Cooperators Conventional Cooperators Conventional
1 Sumber Hidup 527 158 40 40 76,9 23,1
2 Telang Makmur 485 168 40 40 74,3 25,7
3 Telang Rejo 433 115 40 40 79 21
Total 1445 441 120 120
Source: Primary data, 2021.
Data collected in this research was primary data and secondary data, primary data through direct observation and interviews with farmers based on questionnaire, secondary data obtained through library researched. Analysis method that used in this research to analyze the influences of RAISA technology application in farmer's income was farming analysis.
Farming input data included all costs incurred in rice farming, both fixed and variable costs. While the output of the results obtained, revenue that calculated the amount of the results obtained multiplied by selling price. Fixed costs was costs that didn't depend on the amount of production and not exhausted in one growing season, calculated in rupiah units per hectare per season. In this research, fixed costs consisted of Hoes, Machetes, Sickles, Slashing Machines, and Hand Sprayers. Fixed costs incurred for depreciation of tools used in farming. The formula used in calculating depreciation was:
Purchase value t - Residual Value
Depreciation of Equipment =---:—--
Economic Age
Variable costs was costs incurred in rice farming for the purchase of all production facilities consists of seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, ameliorants, sacks, rental of agricultural machinery (tractors, combine harvesters, etc), and operational wages for agricultural machinery.
The data that has been collected was tabulated and analyzed descriptively using farm analysis which includes: • Cost Analysis:
The total cost (TC) incurred by farmers in rice farming was calculated by adding total fixed costs (TFC) with variable Costs (TVC) with following formula:
TC = TFC + TVC
Where: TC = Total Cost (Rp/Ha); TFC = Total Fixed Costs (Rp/Ha); TVC = Total Variable costs (Rp/Ha).
• Revenue Analysis to determine total revenue (TR): Total Revenue was the total amount of production multiplied by the selling price of the production unit obtained by the farmer in carrying out rice farming using the following formula:
TR = Y x Py
Where: TR = Tota Revenue (Rp/Ha); Y = Amount of Production (Kg/Ha); Py = Production Price (Rp/Kg).
• Income Analysis:
Revenue was total revenue (TR) minus total costs (TC) using the following formula:
n = TR-TC
Where: n = Farmer's Income (Rp/Ha); TR = Total Revenue (Rp/Ha); TC = Total Costs (Rp/Ha).
There was an effect of the application of RAISA technology on farmers' income if the results of the farm analysis of tidal rice farming carried out by farmers that applied RAISA technology were greater than conventional farmers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Rice farming in the tidal land was the main livelihood for farmers in Muara Telang district in earning income to fulfill the daily needs of their families. Farmers needed costs to run their farms, production costs were all costs incurred by farmers in tidal rice farming activities starting from the preparation of tools to the process of harvesting rice until it was ready to marketed (Pradnyawati et al, 2021). In this study production costs consist of fixed costs and variable costs.
Fixed costs was costs that didn't depend on the amount of production and not exhausted in one growing season, calculated in rupiah units per hectare per season. Fixed costs consisted of Hoes, Machetes, Sickles, Slashing Machines, Hand Sprayers and paranet. Fixed costs incurred for depreciation of tools used in farming.
Table 2 - Average Fixed Costs of Rice Farmers that applied RAISA technology (cooperators) and Conventional Rice Farmers (non-cooperators) in Tidal Rice Farming Muara Telang District, 2022
No Fixed Costs
Cooperators (Rp/Ha)
Conventional (Rp/Ha)
Fixed Costs Difference (Rp/Ha)_
Percentage of w
1
Telang
Makmur 2.143.480,91 2.020.884,72
Village 2 Telang Rejo Village 2 Sumber Hidup Village_
2.076.100,15 2.756.361,67
1.360.692,71 2.145.262,48
122.596,19 715.407,44 611.099,19
5,7 34,5 22,2
Source: Data Analysis, 2022.
Based on table 2, fixed costs by farmers that applied RAISA technology was different with fixed cost that conventional farmers used. it can be seen that the used of fixed costs by farmers that applied RAISA technology was higher than conventional farmers, which was 6% in Telang Makmur village, 34% in Telang Rejo Village and 22% in Sumber Hidup Village. Depreciation of equipment in fixed costs depended on usage age in each area of farmers land. So it can be concluded that fixed costs was depended on number of tools used in farmer's land area and wide of area that cultivated by farmers (Siagian et al, 2019).
Variable costs in this research were costs that incurred by sample farmers to paid production input and services that was used in one production season. Variable costs was costs incurred in rice farming for the purchase of all production facilities consists of seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, ameliorants, sacks, rental of agricultural machinery (tractors, combine harvesters, etc), and operational wages for agricultural machinery. The details of variable costs in each village can be seen in table1.3 below.
Table 3 - Average Variable Costs of Rice Farmers that applied RAISA technology (cooperators) and Conventional Rice Farmers (non-cooperators) in Tidal Rice Farming Muara Telang District, 2022
No Variable Costs Cooperators Conventional Variable Costs Difference Percentage
(Rp/Ha) (Rp/Ha) (Rp/Ha) (%)
1 Telang Makmur Village 6.133.275,05 5.195.210,57 938.064,48 15,3
2 Telang Rejo Village 6.308.208,22 4.821.737,98 1.486.470,24 23,6
3 Sumber Hidup Village 6.486.681,34 5.479.660,78 1.007.020,56 15,5
Source: Data Analysis, 2022.
Variable costs was depended on amount of production input used in farmer's land area and the wide of area that cultivated by farmers. The greater area that by farmers used, the greater costs of production input needed. Based on table 1.3 Variable costs by farmers that applied RAISA technology was different with variable costs that conventional farmers used. it can be seen that the used of variable costs by farmers that applied RAISA technology was higher than conventional farmers, which was 15% in Telang Makmur village, 24% in Telang Rejo Village and 16% in Sumber Hidup Village. This happened because basically the used of RAISA technology required more production inputs than conventional methods, which farmers used more amount fertilizers than conventional method did, moreover farmers that applied RAISA technology used ameliorant and pestiside more than the conventional farmers did.
Table 4 - Average Total Costs of Rice Farmers that applied RAISA technology (cooperators) and Conventional Rice Farmers (non-cooperators) in Tidal Rice Farming Muara Telang District, 2022
No Total Costs Cooperators (Rp/Ha) Conventional (Rp/Ha) Total Costs Difference (Rp/Ha) Percentage (%)
1 Telang Makmur Village 8.276.755,96 7.216.095,29 1.060.660,67 12,8
2 Telang Rejo Village 8.384.308,37 6.182.430,69 2.201.877,68 26,3
3 Sumber Hidup Village 9.243.043,01 7.624.923,26 1.618.119,75 17,5
Source: Data Analysis, 2022.
This can be seen that the used of Total Costs by farmers that applied RAISA technology was higher than conventional farmers, which was 13% in Telang Makmur Village, 26% in Telang Rejo Village and 18% in Sumber Hidup Village. That was because the used of variable inputs by farmers that applied RAISA technology was more than conventional farmers. Moreover total costs were depended on farmers cultivating area, the bigger area that farmers used, the greater amount of costs that needed. After computed costs of this research, then calculated farmers' revenue and income to see whether there was a difference in income between farmers that applied RAISA technology and conventional farmers.
Revenue and Income was a reward from the relationship between the factors of production of land, labor, capital and management, or the remainder of the reduction in the valued of the receipts obtained with the costs incurred. the following table was the result of calculating the average revenue and income in Muara Telang District.
Table 5 - Average Production, Revenue and Income Analysis (Rp/Ha) of Rice Farmers that applied RAISA technology (cooperators) and Conventional Rice Farmers (non-cooperators) in Tidal Rice
Farming Muara Telang District, 2022
I. Telang Makmur Village
Description Cooperators (Rp/Ha) Conventional (Rp/Ha) Percentage (%)
1 Production (kg) 6.025 4.730 21,5
2 Revenue (Rp) 25.033.875 19.653.150 21,5
3 Total Costs (Rp) 8.276.755,96 7.216.095,29 12,8
4 Income (Rp) 16.551.683,67 12.436.059,24 24,9
II. Telang Rejo Village
Description Cooperators (Rp/Ha) Conventional (Rp/Ha) Percentage (%)
1 Production (kg) 5.774 4.029 30,2
2 Revenue (Rp) 23.962.100 16.720.350 30,2
3 Total Costs (Rp) 8.384.308,37 6.182.430,69 26,3
4 Income (Rp) 15.577.791,63 10.537.919,31 32,4
III. Sumber Hidup
Description Cooperators (Rp/Ha) Conventional ((Rp/Ha) Percentage (%)
1 Production (kg) 5.607 4.131 26,3
2 Revenue (Rp) 23.549.400 17.350.200 26,3
3 Total Costs (Rp) 9.243.043,01 7.624.923,26 17,5
4 Income (Rp) 14.306.356,99 9.725.276,74 32
Source: Data Analysis, 2022.
Total Revenue was the total amount of production multiplied by the selling price of the production unit obtained by the farmer in carrying out rice farming. In this study, the prices used in each sample village were different, average selling price in Telang Makmur was Rp.4.155, and in Telang Rejo was Rp.4.150 and Sumber Hidup Rp. 4.200. According to table 5 there was difference in revenue between farmers that used RAISA technology and conventional farmers, which farmers used technology had higher revenue than conventional farmers in each village even though costs in RAISA technology was bigger than conventional method. That was because rice yields that produced by farmers applying RAISA technology was higher than conventional farmers. Total revenue automatically influenced the income, which In Telang Makmur Village, farmers that used RAISA technology had 32,4% of income higher than conventional farmers. Likewise in Telang Rejo and Sumber Hidup which income was 32,4% and 32% higher than conventional farmers. This analysis of income was used to determine the success of the farming itself. This analysis could describe the current state of farming so that it could evaluate the planning of farming activities in the future.
CONCLUSION
According to results of farming analysis, there was difference income between farmers that used RAISA technology conventional farmers, which farmers using technology had higher income than conventional method. In Telang Makmur Village, farmers that used RAISA technology had 32,4% of income higher than conventional farmers. Likewise in Telang Rejo and Sumber Hidup which income was 32,4% and 32% higher than conventional farmers. This analysis described that the used of RAISA technology influenced on Farmer's Income, which means whenever farmers using RAISA technology there was probability to had higher income than using conventional method.
Based on the conclusions of the results of this study, some of the suggestions that the researcher gives was as follows: It was suggested to farmers who applied RAISA technology to continued applying RAISA technology when doing their farming, for conventional farmers, it was recommended to converted the method of farming to used RAISA technology because RAISA technology could helped in increasing rice farming income, especially rice farmers in tidal land.
REFERENCES
1. Ardi and Yardha. 2021. Farm Bussiness analysis of crops in Tidal land (Case Study in Rantau Makmur Village, Rantau Rausau District). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 715 (2021) 012002.
2. Azis,Y. 2018. Technical Efficiency of Tidal Rice Farming in South Kalimantan, Indonesia: Stochastic Frontier Analysis Approach. RJ0AS.2018-12.30.
3. Girsang,S.S and B.Raharjo. 2021. Factors affecting rice yield productivity in tidal swamp of South Sumatra. IOP conference series: Earth and Enviromental Science. 648 (2021) 012164.
4. Honorita, et al. 2022. The level of farmers' Behavior and its correlation to Rice Farming income in Tidal Low Lands, South Sumatera, Indonesia. RJOAS. 2022-01.16.
5. Kurniawan A.Y, 2012. Factors that influence the Technical Efficiency on Rice Tidal Land in Anjir Muara Anjir District Barito Kuala Regency South Kalimantan Province. Journal of Rural Agribusiness, 2 (1).
6. Nugroho, Virgus. A., and Cahyo Prayogo. 2016. Dapatkah status unsur hara dann produktivitas tanaman padi metode Sri (System of Rice Intensification) ditingkatkan. Jurnal tanah and Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 3 No 2: 365-374, 2016.
7. Pradnyawati, A.G.A.Bintang and Wayan Cipta. 2021. Pengaruh luas lahan, Modal and Jumlah Produksi terhadap pendapatan petani sayur di Kecamatan Baturiti. Ekuitas: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Volume 9, Number1, Tahun 2021, pp. 93-100.
8. Rachmawatie, SJ., J. Sutrisno, W.S. Rahayu, L. Widiastuti. 2020. Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan melalui Implementasi Sistem Pertanian Terpadu Berkelanjutan. Plantaxia. Yogyakarta. 159 h.
9. Siagian,V., H.Siregar., A Fariyanti and K. Nainggolan,. 2019. Analysis of factors that influence the Production of wetland rice in Banten Province. IOP conf. Series: Earth and Enviromental Science 399 (2019) 012073.
10. Slameto., EM Jannah., Meidaliyantisyah., and W.Wibawa. 2020. Analysis of rice farming in tidal swampland, Tulang Bawang Regency, Lampung Province. International Conference on Agricultural and Applied Science (ICoAAS).
11. Sun, Y. P., Yang, J.S., Yao, R.J., Chen, X.B. & Wang, X.P. 2020. Biochar and fulvic acid amendments mitigate negative effects of coastal saline soil and improve crop yields in a three year field trial. Scientific Reports. 10(1), 1-12.
12. Supartha, I Nyoman Yogi., Gede Wijana., and Gede Menaka Adnyana. 2012. Aplikasi Jenis Pupuk Organik pada tanamanPadi Sistem Pertanian Organik. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana.
13. Suwanda, H.M. and M.Noor. 2014. Kebijakan pemanfaatan lahan rawa pasang surut untuk mendukung kedaulatan pangan nasional. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan. Eds khusus. Des.2014.
14. Widyantoro., Agustiani.N., A.Ruskandar. 2019. Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Padi Rawa Pasang Surut Melalui Penerapan Teknologi RAISA Di Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Agronomi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati.
