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УДК 930.85
22.00.00 Социологические науки
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМ МИГРАЦИИ НА ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ В НАХЧИВАНСКОЙ АВТОНОМНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
Алиева Шафак Мехджан Докторант (Аспирант)
Нахчыванский Государственный Университет AZ7012, Азербайджанская Республика, Нахчыван, Университетский городок
В статье речь идет о миграции и ее причинах, которые играют большую роль в изменении содержания и численности населения, о влиянии миграционных процессов в Нахчыванской Автономной Республике на демографическое развитие и проблемы их урегулирования. По этой причине были проанализированы проблемы, вызванные внутренней и внешней миграцией населения с начала независимых лет. Начиная со второго десятилетия независимости, прогресс в повышении естественного и миграционного прироста населения в результате создания новых рабочих мест и промышленных объектов находится на первом плане
UDC 930.85 Sociology
THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRATION PROBLEMS ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC
Alieva Shafak Mehjan
Doctoral student (Post-graduate student)
Nakhchivan State University
AZ7012, Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Campus
The article deals with the migration and its creating reasons, which have great role in changes of the content and number of the population, the effects of migration processes in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic on demographic development and the problems of their settlement. For this reason, the problems caused the internal and the external migration of the population from the beginning of independence years are analyzed. Starting from the second decade of independence the progress in the rising of natural and migration increase of the population at the result of establishment of new workplaces and industrial facilities are foregrounded
Ключевые слова: СЕЛЬСКОЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЕ, ГОРОДСКОЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЕ, МИГРАЦИЯ, ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ, ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЕ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЕ, ОБЩЕЕ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЕ
Рок 10.21515/1990-4665-131-020
Keywords: RURAL POPULATION, URBAN POPULATION, MIGRATION, DEMOGRAPHIC, NATURAL INCREASE, GENERAL INCREASE
INTRODUCTION: Migration has a great impact on the number and the composition of the population. The gender and the age content of the population, the level of guarantee with labor resources change at the result of being high of the number of arrivals and departures to the country.
The intensity of migration of the population in Azerbaijan has been increased starting from the first years of independence. The difficulty of supply the population with workplace, the decrease of socio-cultural service and so on factors like this caused the raising of migration intensity and affected the population's
migration to the close countries. The gathering of population in Absheron has got intensified. The natural increase of population and the dominance of village population in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic cause the intensity of migration, too. Naturally, the minus balance of migration has negative impact on the increase of population at certain times. The involvement of the population from surrounding regions to settlements primarily belongs to the cities and the towns performing administrative functions. Creating economical and socio-cultural infrastructure is very important for ensuring the demographic development of the areas which the cities and settlements locate. With the establishment of economical and socio-cultural infrastructure, the population is shown socio-cultural and domestic service at the level of contemporary demands, and their job supply is being solved. The solution of all these problems helps improving the quality of life of the population [1, 2].
CONCLUSION: In the administrative regions where the village population dominates the autonomous republic, a number of problems have arisen with regard to the difficulties of the transition period in these fields. The serious changes in the structure of the planting areas of agricultural products, the fall of production of most products influenced the decrease of employment. At the result, this adversely affected to the activity of light and food industry enterprises. At the same time, the deterioration of economic relations, the aggravation of national relations, the depriving of population from their workplaces caused the decomposition in socio-cultural fields.
All these happened processes also influenced on the demographic situation. First of all, natural increase decreased from the beginning of the early years of transition period, marriages diminished in connection with the falling of living level of the population, and the number of the children in the families diminished. At the result of these demographic problems, the increasing speed of the population
in the city and village settlements of autonomous republic have decreased considerably compared to previous years.
The main factor influenced the demographic situation of the country and faced the most changes during the processes is migration. Economical decomposition, the problems with collaterals with workplaces, and the decreasing of incomes and so on indications like this influenced on the increase of intensity of the both internal and external migrations. Migrations across the country mainly tend the big cities and industry centers with much more workplaces comparing to other regions. The decrease in employment at village spots, agricultural reform in agriculture in autonomous republic degraded the level of living and mass migration of the population has started. Some problems happened in the settlements and acceptance to the cities and small towns of the population in regions. As a result, the population migrated from the autonomous republic to Baku and the surrounding lands.
At the same time, external migrations have great quantities. The inhabitants departured from autonomous republic mainly settle down in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and Eastern Europe. As seen in the table, the number of those who leave the country decreases gradually compared to the 90s of the 20th century. At the result, starting from the middle of the year 2000, the migration balance of the country is positive. The population of the cities constitutes a significant part of the population migrated from the country.
Table 1
The basic aspects of foreign migration of Azerbaijan.
Years Those who come to the country Those who leave the country The increase of migration Including
Town Village
1991-1995 133,1 220,4 -87,3 -85,4 -1,9
1996-2000 27,9 58,4 -30,5 -28,8 -1,7
2001-2005 10,7 21,1 -10,4 -8,5 -1,9
2006-2010 12,3 10,4 1,9 -1,5 3,4
2011-2014 9.4 2,3 7,1 5,6 1,5
The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic differs from the observed migration processes in the country. The dominance of rural population, the failure of the reforms made in the village has caused the increase of intensity of migration. At the same time, the stopping of the activity of the enterprises locate in these cities which produce crops of these fields has created situation to the migration of urban population [3].
The natural increase related to the supremacy of the village population in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is going fast. At the result of this, the number of the population in most regions is high. Large number of population in autonomous republic also has a serious impact on the processes of migration. The multitude of the population determines the number of population migrated. Sharur region is the first according to its number of population and 113,4 thousand people live here. The number of population in Babek region is 73,3 thousand, 49,2 thousand people in Ordubad region, 45,6 thousand people in Julfa region, 31,4 thousand people in Kangarli region, 24,8 thousand people in Shabuz region, 15,6 thousand people live in Sadarak region [4].
Nevertheless, migration also had a negative impact on the growth of population. The population flow observed for many years prevents the increase of
its number. Growth rate of number of it diminishes in the process of gradually decreasing of natural growth.
In the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan, the high natural growth of the village population always creates problems in meeting social-cultural support and housing-house needs. There are serious problems in assurance of village population with workplace. That is why, the intensity of migration is high. This process has negative impact on the increase of the number of the population.
There were 8,4 thousand people in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 1991-1995 years. And it indicates that, the number of the population has grown at this level slightly. Population flow was registered in most administrative regions during the analysis period. The quantity of the migration balance first of all depends on the general number of population, natural growth, and the increasing tempo of the number of the population. At the same time, economical and socio-cultural base of the administrative regions have great impact on the migration intensity of the population.
Table 2
The natural and migration increase of the population in the Nakhchivan
Autonomous Republic (thousand people)
Years Natural increase Migration balance General increase
1991-1995 31,5 -8,4 23,1
1996-2000 24,1 -3,1 21,0
2001-2005 18,0 -3,2 14,8
2006-2010 28,8 5,1 33,9
2011-2015 34,3 0 34,3
Demographic crisis continued in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 1996-2000. Along with natural increase, migration intensities are also observed
during this period. Thus, at that time, the migration balance in Autonomous Republic was 3,1 thousand people. It was 63% less than the previous five-year period. The natural increase in the first half of the 1990s was 31,500, in the second half 24,1 thousand. The population of the Autonomous Republic increased by 21,000 in 1996-2000. It is less than 2.1 thousand people compared to 1991-1995.
Demographic growth continued in the Autonomous Republic in the first half of the 2000s. Because, while the decline of the natural increase continued, the population also went down. Economic reforms have positive consequences, new workplaces are opened, activities of existing enterprises are restored. These processes observed are in other regions of the country along with Autonomous Republic.
In 2001-2005, the number of migration intensity in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, particularly those who left the autonomous republic, stabilized. In this period, the migration balance was formed by 3.2 thousand people, it means that, there were 100 people more comparing with the year 2000.
Between 2006 and 2010 years, the increasing speed in the natural population of the autonomous republic increased at the same time with the rate of increase of the migration number in the Autonomous Republic. The natural growth in the Autonomous Republic was 28,8 thousand people. This growth has increased 10,8 thousand people or 60 % comparing with the previous five-year period. Due to migration, there has also been a significant increase in the number of the population. The number of the population of the Autonomous Republic has increased by 11.9 thousand people or 56.6 % to 33.9 thousand persons [5].
Restoration of industrial facilities and creation of new jobs in the Autonomous Republic, especially in the Nakhchivan city and district centers, led to a significant decrease in the number of people leaving the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic as well as the number of arrivals.
Although the overall increase in the number of the autonomous republic's population in the period after 2010 has been steadily declining, thereafter the relatively stable period of 2014-2015 has begun. During these years, the increase of the natural growth has been observed, too. The economical crisis in the world in recent years has also had a negative impact on the Autonomous Republic. It caused the declining of the balance of migration significantly comparing with 2006-2010 years.
Table 3
The natural and migration growth of the population in the Nakhchivan Autonomous _Republic in 2011-2015 years (thousand people)_
Years Natural increase Migration General increase
2011 8,4 0,0 8,4
2012 8,5 0,2 8,7
2013 7,8 0,3 8,1
2014 4,8 -0,3 4,5
2015 4,8 -0,2 4,6
Csmi 34,3 0 34,3
There were 444,4 thousand people in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 2016. 312,4 thousand (70,5 %) people of them contain rural population. The number of urban population is 131 thousand people. (29,5 %) (3).
The coverage of economic reforms in the direction of increasing the population's natural and migration growth in the Autonomous Republic in recent times are expanding.
In the activities of the expanding of the activity direction of the industrial enterprises, the providing population with social and cultural services and the supply them with jobs are successfully implemented.
Библиографический список
1. Демографические показатели Азербайджана. Бюллетени Азербайджанский Государственный Статистический Комитет, Баку, 2008, p. 393
2. Демографические показатели Азербайджана. Бюллетени Азербайджанский Государственный Статистический Комитет, Баку, 2014, p. 444
3. Число и естественное движение населения Азербайджанской Республики в 20112015 годах. Статистические бюллетени Баку: ССН, 2011-2016 годы
4. Пашаев Н.А., Эйюбов Н.Х., Эминов З.Н. Экономическая, социальная и политическая география Азербайджанской Республики. Баку: Чираг, 2010, 416 с.
5. www.statistika.nmr.az
Reference
1. Demograficheskie pokazateli Azerbajdzhana. Gosudarstvennyj Statisticheskij Komitet, Baku, 2008, p. 393
2. Demograficheskie pokazateli Azerbajdzhana. Gosudarstvennyj Statisticheskij Komitet, Baku, 2014, p. 444
3. Chislo i estestvennoe dvizhenie naselenija Azerbajdzhanskoj Respubliki v 2011-2015 godah. Statisticheskie bjulleteni Baku: SSN, 2011-2016 gody
4. Pashaev N.A., Jejjubov N.H., Jeminov Z.N. Jekonomicheskaja, social'naja i politicheskaja geografija Azerbajdzhanskoj Respubliki. Baku: Chirag, 2010, 416 s.
5. www.statistika.nmr.az
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