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16родителям рекомендации по составу домашних ужинов и питанию ребенка в выходные и праздничные дни. При этом на ужин рекомендуются те продукты и блюда, которые ребенок не получал в детском саду, а в выходные и праздничные дни рацион ребенка лучше приближать к "детсадовскому".
Список литературы
1. Антонова О.В. Усвоение ребёнком социального опыта в период перехода из дошкольного в младший школьный возраст // Материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. Бирск, 2002. С. 59-60.
2. Антонова О.В. Социология образования и формирование детского общества // Сборник научных трудов. Выпуск 19. Актуальные проблемы социально-гуманитарного знания. М., 2003. С. 3-5.
3. Белая К.Ю. Планирование работы дошкольного образовательного учреждения о формах работы с родителями. М., 2000.
4. Абраменкова В.В. Социальная психология детства: развитие отношений ребенка в детской субкультуре. М., 2000.
THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ORE-BEARING HORIZONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEPOSITS OF SANDSTONE (INFILTRATION) TYPE Rajabboyev I^.1, Buronov A^.2, Turobov Sh.N.3, Saidov AA.4, Eshnazarova N.Z.5, ^dirov A.U.6
1Rajabboyev Ibodulla Murodullayevich - Senior Lecturer; 2Buronov Aziz Bolikulovich - Assistant; 3Turobov Shakhriddin Nasritdinovich - Assistant; 4Saidov Akmal Abriy o 'g 'li - Student; 5Eshnazarova Nilufar Zokir kizi - Student; 6Kodirov Abdurasul Uktam ugli - Student, DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY, FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY, NAVOI STATE MINING INSTITUTE, NAVOI, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article discusses the innovative technology of uranium mining by the method of underground leaching (UL) under conditions in the NMMC in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The NMMC divisions examined the production of uranium by the PV method as part of the enterprise's uranium production structure, the methods and advantages of the uranium production by the PV method implemented. In addition, the article considers the influence of hydrogeological parameters of ore-bearing horizons in the development of deposits of sandstone (infiltration) type.
Keywords: uranium, underground leaching, hydrogeological parameters broadcasting, ore, solution, concentration, geotechnology, layer.
Currently, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the main confirmed, estimated and forecast reserves are located in the Kyzylkum province. In the early 40s, in Uzbekistan, work was carried out to study natural resources: comprehensive geological surveys were carried out in Kyzylkum, in the framework of which special work was carried out on uranium, aero-radiometric and geological-radiometric searches. The search revealed more than 70 ore occurrences that served as the beginning of the development of the Kyzylkum region in 1952 from the Uchkuduk deposit. It was on the basis of this deposit that the construction of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Plant was started in 1958, and already in 1962, for the first time in the mining industry, NMMC specialists developed an innovative technology for the extraction of uranium by underground leaching (UL).
It was found that uranium mining by the UL method has several advantages compared to the traditional method:
- less power consumption;
- low capital and operating costs;
- the possibility of cost-effective mining of low-grade uranium ores sandstone type;
- not significant impact of radiation on the environment.
Today, the mining of uranium in the NMMC is completely carried out by underground leaching. The structure of the plant's uranium production includes three uranium mining enterprises: the Northern Ore Mining Administration (development of the Uchkuduk, Kendyk-tyube and Meilisai deposits), the Ore Mining Administration No. 5 (the Shimoliy and Zhanubiy Bukina deposits, Aulbek, Kukhnur, Istiklol, Severny Kanimekh, Beshkok, Loyliken, Soyuz ), Southern Ore Mining (Sabirsoy, Ketmonchi, Yogdu deposits) and Hydrometallurgical Plant No. 1, producing uranium oxide-oxide after processing sulfate salts.
In NMMC divisions, the extraction of uranium by the UL method is carried out in three ways, differing from each other by using different chemical reagents as leaching reagents and their combinations: acid, acid-bicarbonate and reagent-free methods.
Many years of experience in using the underground leaching method by the plant confirmed its high efficiency and environmental safety, which led to the expansion of its field of application.
The geological, geochemical and hydrogeological conditions for the localization of uranium mineralization in infiltration deposits are mainly favorable for its extraction from the bowels by underground leaching, which is due to:
1) the specifics of exogenous epigenetic ore formation, during which oxygen-containing water, along the filtration path, extract useful components from the host rocks of productive horizons or rocks of nutrition areas and precipitate (concentrate) them on geochemical barriers in a form favorable for leaching of various solvents with weak aqueous solutions in a certain sequence , that is, under natural conditions, a kind of hydrometallurgical redistribution cycle is carried out, which prepares the elements for the last traveling UL cycle;
2) a compact location in a single aquifer of epigenetic concentrations of rare and radioactive elements relative to uranium mineralization and each other, which allows them to be developed mainly through single technological well systems;
3) the confinement of ore concentrations to the horizons of well-permeable gravel and sand rocks, which determines the possibility of a filtration mode of their leaching.
The nature of the movement of the solutions, the speed and direction of the flow, the permeability of the medium, and a number of other hydrogeological issues are of great interest for underground leaching, since the extraction of metals from the bowels is carried out in the liquid phase.
During the process of underground leaching, when the solutions are pumped into the aquifer or when they are pumped to the surface, the natural regime of groundwater movement is violated. The filtration rate in the area of violation of the natural flow regime increases sharply (from thousandths to several meters per day) due to an increase in the
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pressure gradient and the creation of a depression funnel (during water intake) or compression (when liquid enters the aquifer). During the operation of geotechnological wells, the flow approaches in shape to a radially directed one - converging to the well (during pumping out) or diverging (during injection). As you move away from the well, the cross-sectional area of the radial flow increases and, consequently, the filtration rate decreases. In this case, the flow rate remains constant. Given that at the present time, deposits are involved in mining with significant aquifer thicknesses and ore occurrence at great depths, regulation of formation water flows during underground leaching, as indicated above, is of paramount importance.
On the example of the Meilisisay field, characterized by a thickness of an aquifer of productive horizon from 40 to 60 meters in order to increase the intensity of mining, it was proposed to introduce a system for regulating formation water flows containing solvents and flowing through ore bodies. It was proposed in the pumping row to disconnect through one pumping well and the "associated" injection wells. Daily for a month, changes in the content of the useful component in the productive solutions were monitored. After a month, an analysis was performed. When the specified operating mode is maintained, for a certain time, the contents of the useful component in the pumped out solutions decrease.
The movement of productive solutions at a "high" (>10 m3 / h) flow rate occurs predominantly along the direct current lines between the injection and pumping wells, therefore, over time, the metal content in the productive solution decreases.
Additionally, experimental work was carried out to reduce the flow rate of injection and pumping solutions per cell. According to the results of testing, changes in the content of the useful component in productive solutions are not observed.
To monitor the operability of geotechnological wells, groundwater levels and the purity of filters of geotechnological wells were constantly measured for all wells involved in the experiment.
All these features to one degree or another can be taken into account and should be taken into account in hydrodynamic calculations related to the development of methods for the development of a sandstone (infiltration) type deposit using the underground leaching method.
References
1. Larionov E.D., Lilbok L.A., Sattarov G.S. et al. Contribution of the Central Laboratory for the Creation and Development of Uranium and the Gold Mining Industry of Uzbekistan. Navoi. Printing house NMMC, 2007. 252 p.
2. Mustakimov O.M., Saparov A.B., Sharafutdinov U.Z. The current state of uranium production at the Navoi MMC // Mountain Herald of Uzbekistan, 2013. № 4. 33-36 p.
3. Mushoryapov I.A., Khosilov N.D., Sharafutdinov U.Z., Shmakova N.I. Features of environmental monitoring at uranium enterprises of Navoi MMC // Ecological Bulletin of Uzbekistan. № 5/6, 2013. 85-89 p.
4. Tolstov E.A., Tolstov D.E. Physicochemical geotechnologies for the development of uranium and gold deposits in the Kyzylkum region. M. Geoinformation center, 2002. 380 p.
