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Ukrainian Journal of Ecology
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2023, 13(9), 10-12, doi: 10.15421/2023_491_
BRIEF REPORT
The influence of electromagnetic fields on the proliferation of
Bacillus subtil is
B.P. Shipun
Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 01 September, 2023; Manuscript No: UJE-23-114899; Editor assigned: 02 September, 2023, PreQC No: P-114899; Reviewed: 15 September, 2023, QC No: Q-114899; Revised: 22 September, 2023,
Manuscript No: R-114899; Published: 29 September, 2023
This study illustrates the fluctuations in microbial population growth when subjected to nutrient media cultivated with water exposed to a low-power electromagnetic field. We employed this field-treated water to formulate both liquid and solid culture mediums for the propagation of Bacillus subtiiis bacteria. The electromagnetic field treatment encompassed various frequencies ranging from 30 to 230 MHz. Across all instances, a notable inhibition of bacterial vitality was observed when using water exposed to the electromagnetic field. This observed phenomenon is attributed to alterations in ion hydration sizes resulting from field exposure, subsequently affecting their involvement in membrane processes. Keywords: Field effects, Electromagnetic field, Indirect biological effect of the HF field.
Introduction
For decades, scientific inquiry has delved into understanding how external factors influence the growth and behavior of microorganisms. Among these factors, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), generated by electrically charged particles and integral to our modern technological landscape, have garnered significant attention. This article focuses on the ramifications of EMFs on the growth of Bacillus subtiiis, a widely studied and adaptable bacterium. The structured nature of the aqueous environment plays a pivotal role in orchestrating crucial processes that ensure bodily well-being. Considering this aqueous milieu as a rich source of information reveals its potential to skillfully address the body's safety concerns during challenging circumstances and emergencies. This perspective transforms the challenge of safeguarding the body into an opportunity for natural management, empowering the body to effectively counteract adverse factors. The distinctive matrix arrangement of water's structural components within each organism serves as the foundational information bedrock upon which all life processes intricately unfold (Hecker, M., et al., 1998). Baclllus subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in soil and the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals, possesses the adaptability to thrive in diverse environments. Its well-characterized genetics and ability to acclimate to different conditions have rendered it an ideal model organism for studying bacterial physiology and genetics. Scientists have therefore explored how external elements, including electromagnetic fields, can impact its growth and behavior (Hashem, A., et al., 2019).
Description
Electromagnetic fields encompass a wide spectrum of frequencies, spanning from Extremely Low-Frequency fields (ELF) to Radio Frequency (RF) and microwave fields. These fields originate from various sources, including power lines, electronic devices, and wireless communication technologies. The potential effects of EMFs on living organisms have been the subject of extensive debate and investigation for many years, with conflicting research findings adding complexity to our comprehension (Aguilar, C., et al., 2007).
Effects of EMFs on Bacillus subtilis growth
Research investigating the impact of EMFs on Bacillus subtilis growth has yielded intriguing yet intricate outcomes. Several key findings include:
Numerous studies have reported fluctuations in Bacillus subtilis growth rates when exposed to electromagnetic fields. While some experiments have demonstrated inhibitory effects, others have shown a stimulation of growth. The variability in results can be attributed to differences in EMF types, exposure durations, and experimental conditions. Exposure to specific EMFs has been linked to alterations in the cellular morphology of Bacillus subtilis. Researchers have observed changes in cell size, shape, and arrangement, indicating that EMFs might interfere with bacterial membrane integrity and cellular processes. EMF exposure has been shown to influence the genetic expression of Bacillus subtilis. Some studies have identified changes in gene expression related to stress response, metabolism, and cell division, suggesting that EMFs could affect the bacterium's regulatory pathways (Morikawa, M., 2006).
The mechanisms responsible for the effects of EMFs on Bacillus subtilis growth remain incompletely understood, and several hypotheses have been proposed: EMFs may influence the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, affecting nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and overall cellular homeostasis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation: Exposure to EMFs might trigger the production of ROS within bacterial cells, leading to oxidative stress and potential damage to cellular components. EMFs could modulate ion channels and transporters in bacterial membranes, impacting crucial processes such as energy production and nutrient transport (Jeong, J.S., Kim, I.H., 2014).
The nutrient media used in the experiment underwent sterilization through autoclaving at a temperature of 115°C. One might expect that this elevated temperature would nullify the effects of field exposure. Furthermore, the inclusion of various components in both the broth and agar should contribute to nullification. Surprisingly, this expected outcome did not materialize. Therefore, the observed transformations in the characteristics of the cultivation media appear to originate from deeper underlying factors. An explanation for this phenomenon can be postulated as follows: The modulation or alteration of growth patterns in living organisms, specifically bacteria, can be attributed to shifts in the velocity of essential element transportation within them, whether across the membrane or the spore wall. This observation substantiates the capability of the RF field to induce alterations in the structural arrangement of water, along with its hydrating properties. With substantial evidence supporting the existence of water molecules exhibiting varying degrees of association in the liquid state, including individual molecules, it is plausible to propose that the equilibrium between monomolecular water and structured water is perturbed due to the influence of the RF electromagnetic field. This disruption consequently leads to a modification in the average water capacity for hydration processes, resulting in an adjustment of ion hydration radii. Consequently, the diffusion rate of ions through the channels in the membrane is impacted, which may contribute to the observed inhibition of the biological processes documented within the experiment (Yu, X., et al., 2011).
Conclusion
The interplay between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the growth of Bacillus subtilis presents a complex and captivating realm of study. While certain investigations propose that EMFs have the potential to impact bacterial growth rates, cellular structure, and genetic expression, the precise mechanisms underpinning these effects remain enigmatic. With the relentless advancement of technology and our increasing reliance on electronic devices and wireless communication, comprehending the potential repercussions of EMFs on microorganisms assumes growing significance. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how EMFs influence Bacillus subtilis and other microorganisms, further research is imperative. Such inquiries could extend beyond the realm of microbiology, potentially enriching our comprehension of how electromagnetic fields impinge upon broader biological systems. As scientists persist in their exploration of this field, we stand to acquire valuable insights into the intricate interplay between external influences and microbial growth, thereby illuminating the broader ramifications of electromagnetic fields on living organisms.
References
Hecker, M., Völker, U. (1998). Non- specific, general and multiple stress resistance of growth-restricted Bacillus subtilis cells by the expression of the ctB regulon. Molecular Microbiology, 29:1129-1136.
Hashem, A., Tabassum, B., Abd_Allah, E.F. (2019). Bacillus subtiiis. A plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium that also impacts biotic stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26:1291-1297.
Aguilar, C., Vlamakis, H., Losick, R., Kolter, R. (2007). Thinking about BacWus subtiiis as a multicellular organism. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 10:638-643.
Morikawa, M. (2006). Beneficial biofilm formation by industrial bacteria Baclllus subtllis and related species. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 101:1-8.
Jeong, J.S., Kim, I.H. (2014). Effect of BacWus subtllis C-3102 spores as a probiotic feed supplement on growth performance, noxious gas emission, and intestinal microflora in broilers. Poultry Science, 93:3097-3103.
Yu, X., Ai, C., Xin, L., Zhou, G. (2011). The siderophore-producing bacterium, BacWus subtiiis CAS15, has a biocontrol effect on Fusarium wltand promotes the growth of pepper. European Journal of Soil Biology, 47:138-145.
Citation:
Shipun, B.P. (2023). The influence of electromagnetic fields on the proliferation of Bacillus subtilis. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 13: 10-12.
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