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0THE INCIDENCE OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN COMBINATION WITH MALOCCLUSION AMONG STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Volynets L. N., Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine Volynets V. N., Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine Vovk V. V., Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, ORCIDID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5658-1287
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/28022022/7778
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 07 January 2022 Accepted: 16 February 2022 Published: 28 February 2022
KEYWORDS
Temporomandibular dysfunction, posture, defects, scoliosis, tension headache.
ABSTRACT
Relevance. The prevalence of posture defects, according to various researchers, is from 0.6% to 78%. The disruptions in the posture biomechanics leads to excessive stress on the main joints of the human body including temporomandibular joint.
Objective. The research aimed to study the prevalence of violations of the anatomical and functional system "posture-occlusion" and the structure of early signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine in medical students.
Materials and methods. 130 students of medicals and dental faculties (including 42 men and 88 women) with posture disorders were examined in accordance with special questionnaires developed at the department. The assessment of the functional state of the spinal was carried out using motor tests by the method of Goryana G.A. and complaints of pain according to the 10-point numerical scale of pain "NSP". The malocclusion was assessed according to the method of Khvatov depending on the type of mandibular displacement. Statistical analyses with program IBM SPSS Statistic Base v.22.
Results. It has been found that 78 students or 60% did not have restricted and widespread osteochondrosis and pain degree was lower than 5 points. A high prevalence (40%) of combined deformity of posture and displacement of the lower jaw in combination with pain syndrome was established. Along with restricted osteochondrosis 38 (73,08%), distal type of lower jaw displacement was more commonly seen amongst students with postural defects 35 (67,31%). These clinically manifested a pain level of more than 5 points. Signs and symptoms of a combined pathology posture-occlusion were more common among women (37 patients, or 71.15%) than men (15 patients, or 28.85%).
Citation: Volynets L. N., Volynets V. N., Vovk V. V. (2022) The Incidence of Osteochondrosis in Combination with Malocclusion Among Students of the Medical University. World Science. 2(74). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_ws/28022022/7778
Copyright: © 2022 Volynets L. N., Volynets V. N., Vovk V. V. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Introduction. The prevalence of posture defects (kyphosis, scoliosis, lordosis, stoop, etc.), osteochondrosis of the spine, myofascial pain syndrome, scapula-humeral periarthritis, tension headache, as well as hernias of the lumbar and cervical discs with radiculopathy, according to various researchers, is from 0.6% to 78% (4-6). Such a discrepancy in manifestations is explained by the varying degree and nature of pain, contractures of the mucous membranes and the involvement of a neurological component in the pathological process, and the presence of MRT diagnostics (1-12).
The muscles of the lower jaw are an integral part of the postural myofascial chains. The neurophysiological links between the masticatory system and the cervical spine explain the radiating and referred pain types. The disruptions in the posture biomechanics leads to excessive stress on the
main joints of the human body with the initial impacts on the body skeleton, more specifically: on the vertebrae and the curvature of the spine. Such impacts should manifest itself in the form of chronic pain symptoms with periodic exacerbations episodes in certain anatomical areas. Therefore, it is important to study the mandibular position alongside the clinical assessment of the spine.
Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence of violations of the anatomical and functional system "posture-occlusion" and the structure of early signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine in medical students.
Materials and methods of research. To achieve this goal, 130 students of medicals and dental faculties (including 42 men and 88 women) with posture disorders were examined in accordance with special questionnaires developed at the department. The assessment of the functional state of the spinal was carried out using motor tests by the method of Goryana G.A. (13) with the diagnosis of limited mobility in various parts of the spine and complaints of pain according to the 10-point numerical scale of pain "NSP". The malocclusion was assessed according to the method of Khvatov (14, 19), depending on the type of mandibular displacement: type I-st with lateral displacement, type Il-nd with a distal displacemen and Ill-d type with the mesial displacement of the mandible (14-22).
Results and Discussion. An analysis of gender indicators showed that 78 (60%) healthy (52 women and 26 men) (66.67% and 33.33%, respectively (Table 1). The posture defects were diagnosed in 52 (40%) students, of which 37 women (71.15%) and in 15 men (28.85%).
The restricted osteochondrosis was observed in 38 (73.08%) students who had a violation of posture according to the type of round back (stoop), incl. in 28 women out of the total number of students with posture disorders (53.85%), and in 10 men (19.23%).
The widespread osteochondrosis was observed in 14 examined students, incl. 9 women (17.30%) and 5 men (9.62%)
The displacement of the lower jaw was diagnosed in 55 students, out of 14 (26.92%) students with osteochondrosis of students (9 women and 5 men) were observed according to type I-st. Type II-nd of the displacement was observed in 35 (67.31%) patients (23 women and 12 men). Also, 3 women and 1 man did not have the posture disorders according to type Il-nd. The mesial type of low jaw displacement was found in 3 students (5.77%).
All Students with the posture disorders and lower jaw displacement complained of back pain from 5 to 10 points.
Table 1. General indicators of the prevalence of postural pathology and malocclusion among medical students ^ (%)____
Students n=130 Restricted osteochondrosis Widespread osteochondrosis Types of mandible displacement Pain degree on a 10-point scale.
I-st lateral type of displacement Il-nd distal type of displacement III-d mesial type of Displacement
n=55
Healthy students n=78 (60%) - - - - - -
Women n=52-66.67% - - - 3 (3.85%) - -
Men n=26-33.33% - - - 1 (1.28%) -
Students with the posture defects n=52-40% 38 (73.08%) 14 (26.92) 14 (26.92%) 35 (67.31%) 3 (5.77%) +
Men n=15-28.85% 28 (53.85%) 9(17.30%) 9 23 2 +
Women n =37-71.15% 10 (19.23%) 5 (9.62%) 5 12 1 +
Conclusions.
1. The study was conducted on 130 students. It has been found that 78 students or 60% did not have restricted and widespread osteochondrosis and pain degree was lower than 5 points. The study also showed that out of the 78 students, 3 students, or 3.85%, had distal type of lower jaw displacement.
2. A high prevalence (40%) of combined deformity of posture and displacement of the lower jaw in combination with pain syndrome was established.
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3. Along with restricted osteochondrosis 38 (73,08%), distal type of lower jaw displacement was more commonly seen amongst students with postural defects 35 (67,31%). These clinically manifested a pain level of more than 5 points.
4. Signs and symptoms of a combined pathology posture-occlusion were more common among women (37 patients, or 71.15%) than men (15 patients, or 28.85%).
5. The prevention of complications of osteochondrosis of the spine should be started as early as possible, taking into account the morphological and functional changes, as well as the degree of pain syndrome with the diagnosis of posture defects.
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