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155THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF INVESTMENTS
AT THE MACRO- AND MICROLEVELS 1 2 Narzieva D^. (Republic of Uzbekistan), Narziev M^. (Malaysia)
Email: Narzieva245@scientifictext.ru
1Narzieva Dilafiruz Mukhtorovna - Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN;
2Narziev Mirfayz Mukhtorovich - Master Student, FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, BINARY GRADUATE SCHOOL, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Abstract: the article discusses the important role of investments at the macro and micro levels. Investments in any state play a very important role, since without them no economic or social problem, as well as problems related to state security, can be solved. It should be borne in mind that investments always work for the future and, as a rule, they are directed at achieving the planned positive result in any sphere of human activity. Investments play an extremely important role at any level: macro and micro. Keywords: investments, human activity, economics, macro and micro level.
ВАЖНАЯ РОЛЬ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ НА МАКРО- И МИКРОУРОВНЯХ Нарзиева Д.М.1 (Республика Узбекистан), Нарзиев М.М.2 (Малайзия)
1Нарзиева Дилафируз Мухторовна - преподаватель, факультет экономики, Бухарский государственный университет, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
2Нарзиев Мирфайз Мухторович - магистрант, факультет бизнес администрирования, Университет "Binary", г. Куала-Лумпур, Малайзия
Аннотация: в статье рассматривается важная роль инвестиций на макро- и микроуровнях. Инвестиции в любое государство играют очень важную роль, поскольку без них невозможно решить ни экономическую, ни социальную проблему, а также проблемы, связанные с государственной безопасностью. Следует иметь ввиду, что инвестиции всегда работают на будущее и, как правило, они направлены на достижение запланированного положительного результата в любой сфере человеческой деятельности. Инвестиции играют чрезвычайно важную роль на любом уровне: макро и микро.
Ключевые слова: инвестиции, человеческая деятельность, экономика, макро- и микроуровень.
The essence of capital investments is interpreted as follows: "... capital investments are investments in fixed capital (fixed assets), including the costs of new construction, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of operating enterprises, equipment, tools, inventory, design and survey work and other costs. " Based on this definition, investments in working capital cannot be considered as capital investments. Thus, capital investments are an integral part of real investments.
When making portfolio investments, the investor increases his financial capital by receiving dividends and interest on the acquired securities, their resale, and other benefits.
In the economic literature, no one denies that investments are the most important economic category. It is known that any economic category manifests itself through its functions, but what functions the investment should perform - this question is clearly not enough studied.
In our opinion, investments perform the following functions:
• ensure the process of simple and extended reproduction of fixed assets, both in production and in non-production sphere;
• participate in the process of providing and replenishing the circulating capital;
• provide for the flow of capital from one sphere to another, more attractive, in the form of real and portfolio investments;
• serve as the basis for the development of the economy at the macro and micro levels and in the future for economic, social, environmental, political and other benefits.
Net investment is gross investment in min depreciation. If gross investments are equal to depreciation deductions, then this means that only simple reproduction takes place. If gross investment exceeds the value of depreciation, it indicates the presence of both simple and expanded reproduction of fixed assets.
The essence of investment as an economic category predetermines their role and importance at the macro and micro levels.
At the macro level, investments, and especially capital investments, are the basis for the development of the national economy and increasing the efficiency of social production by:
• systematic updating of fixed assets of enterprises and non-production sphere;
• balanced development of all sectors of the economy;
• creating the necessary raw materials base;
• increase and improve the structure of exports;
• solving social problems, including unemployment problems;
• ensuring positive structural shifts in the economy.
Investments predetermine the growth of the economy. By directing capital investments to increase the real capital of society (the purchase of machinery, equipment, modernization and construction of buildings, engineering structures), we thereby increase the national wealth and production potential of the country.
Investments at the micro level are necessary to achieve the following goals:
• increasing and expanding the scope of activities;
• avoidance of excessive moral and physical deterioration of fixed production assets;
• reducing the cost of production and sales;
• increase the technical level of production based on the introduction of new equipment and technologies;
• improving quality and ensuring product competitiveness;
• improving safety and environmental measures;
• ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise;
• acquisition of securities and investment in assets of other enterprises;
• acquisition of a controlling stake, etc.
Ultimately, they are necessary to ensure the normal functioning of enterprises in the future, stable financial condition and obtain maximum profit. All this determines the role and value of investments at the micro level.
For a deeper understanding of the nature of investments, as well as for accounting, analysis, planning and increasing the efficiency of their use, their scientifically based classification is necessary. Such a classification of investments allows not only to correctly take into account, but also to analyze the level of their use from all sides, and on this basis to obtain objective information for the development and implementation of effective investment policies both at the macro and micro levels.
Thus, investments are the most important economic category and play an extremely important role, both at the macro and micro levels, and primarily for the simple and
expanded reproduction of fixed assets, structural changes, maximum profit and this basis of
solving many social problems.
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