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5THE IMPORTANCE OF PRACTICAL TRAINING IN THE ORGANIZATION OF OUT-OF-CLASS STUDY LESSONS
Djurayeva Perdegul Saidovna
National training of teachers of Navai region in new methods center, "Preschool, primary and special educational methods" department associate docent https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10655128
Abstract. Establishing a friendly relationship with children through the culture of reading, learning about achievements and shortcomings in the field of educational work analysis.
Keywords: reading culture, extracurricular activities, social value, modern class leader.
Introduction
Successfully solving the issues of raising students to be mature and well-rounded in all aspects, forming an active life position in them, mastering and improving the quality of knowledge depends to a large extent on the effective work of extended day groups. Activities organized outside the classroom complement the educational activities of students. They help to form their worldview and moral maturity. Creates a foundation for connecting theoretical knowledge with practical production. The tasks of the organizers who lead the classroom and extracurricular activities are also multifaceted. The duties of the organizer of extracurricular activities include:
1. To control the planning and implementation of extracurricular educational activities.
2. Establishing multifaceted activities of students outside the classroom and outside the classroom with the help of classroom activists of student organizations.
3. To provide methodical support to teachers, class leaders, parents, class activists while directly guiding the direction of classroom and extracurricular activities.
4. Participation in the most important educational events held in general and between
classes.
5. Extensive use of educational and cultural institutions and public power in organizing free time of students. In this regard, one can see three main aspects of the activity of the organizers: organizational, methodological and administrative.
6. These are often interrelated. A number of people can be included in the organizational activities of the organizer:
7. Achievements and shortcomings in the field of educational work analysis.
8. Determining the goals and tasks of educational work.
9. Planning educational, public, political work and to determine their content, form and methods.
10. Planning, grouping and determining their content, forms and methods, identifying the managing persons.
Research materials and methodology.
In order to positively solve this problem, it is necessary to have the following in the system of educational activities outside the classroom and outside the classroom: recognizing the individuality of a growing person as a high social value in education, respecting the uniqueness and uniqueness of each child; relying on the unique traditional means of nationalism; formation of mutual respect between pedagogues and teachers; establishing and strengthening the connection of the class with the public organization, parenting enterprises; prevention of unsupervised
children and violations of the law; organization of children's free time according to the place of residence; visiting students' families and helping them in raising children; it is necessary to educate moral feelings aimed at understanding the attitude of the young generation to the Motherland, society and labor, to themselves and to people.
Activities organized outside the classroom complement the educational activities in the life of students. They will help them to form their worldview and moral maturity. creates a basis for the close connection of theoretical knowledge with practice. The tasks of the organizer, who leads the classroom and extracurricular activities, are multifaceted. The central task of the deputy director for spiritual and educational affairs is to form a team of teachers and students, because the leading principle of education is the upbringing of the individual in the team. The methodology of forming a children's team is now fully and perfectly developed. The general principles of this methodology are explained in the pedagogy course, and it is based on the theory of individual education in the community and the community. Its general principles are as follows: 1) making demands; 2) identification of activists; 3) organization of prospects in educational work, social political and mass cultural activities; 4) formation of healthy public opinion; 5) creating and increasing positive traditions.
These described rules are a guide for the formation and development of any team (lesson, class team, extracurricular children's association, etc.). In the early stages of team development, children are scattered, and they do not have a single opinion and influential activists on whom the class leader can rely. Therefore, negative incidents are not openly discussed in the team and independent team decisions are not made. If the team is in the second stage of development, if there are real active activists who support its actions, not just in name, then it can be observed that it makes certain demands to some students and the team. One of the important signs indicating the level of development of the team is the enthusiasm of students for joint activities, which can be seen in activities that are regularly encountered in the classroom experience, such as collecting waste paper or scrap metal, preparing for the night. Determining the level of development of the team cannot be limited to the analysis of the relations that are manifested in the activities of students outside the classroom. The goal of individual education in the team is to involve the student in self-education, to arm him with the appropriate qualifications and skills. The modern class leader carefully studies the reasons for students' bad behavior and low learning. One of the most important issues is the student's relationship with his classmates, the moral foundations of these relationships. Community relations are mutually responsible relations based on certain principles and oriented towards socially important goals. A sociable and knowledgeable class leader can get out of any situation very skillfully and organizes a well-rounded class team. One of the effective forms of organizing a team is group work, in which this work is carried out in groups of children (maximum of five people). In such small groups, all members interact directly with each other and have a direct influence on each other.
When creating a team, it is necessary to keep real groups that exist in the environment of students, to unite children who are friends with each other. The teacher should take into account the characteristics of these groups, their direction, interests and direct them accordingly. Taking into account these characteristics increases the efficiency of work during the organization and implementation of team work. On the other hand, it brings the problems of the group into the sphere of the group's interests and the interests of the group into the sphere of group interaction. Taking into account real interpersonal relations of teachers in the organization of team activities
allows to achieve two different goals: to involve group members in the life of the team and to influence the interaction between them. Determining the level of development of the team cannot be limited to the analysis of students' attitudes manifested only in their extracurricular activities. The peculiarity of the work of the head of the class is that he forms a team of students, not just a team of children. The main task of students is to read. Therefore, the head of the class first determines how children feel about studying, how they behave in class, whether they do their homework diligently or not. And finally, the most important thing is what are their educational goals, whether these goals are social or not. Extracurricular work extends the time of pedagogical impact on students aimed at a certain goal, it allows to expand and deepen the knowledge acquired by the teacher in classes, to develop children's abilities, to satisfy their various interests, and to organize cultural recreation. The following qualification requirements are set for the deputy director of spiritual and educational affairs: a) higher education of at least bachelor's degree; b) pedagogical work experience of not less than 3 years; c) qualification category at least 2 - class teacher. Forms of extracurricular activities: 1. Hygiene gymnastics. 2. Verification. 3. Health. 4. Pause for action. 5. Take a walk. 6. Sports shoes. 7. Health and sports days. 8. Holidays of physical education. 9. Sections on sports. 10. Sports competitions, spartakiades and others.
Forms of extracurricular activities: 1. Sports lessons for children and teenagers. 2. Tourist travel bases. 3. Sports sections in the palaces and houses of the Uvovkas. 4. Children's recreation park. 5. Sports sections in the neighborhood. 6. Physical health components. 7. District, city, regional and republican sports competitions and others.
Search results. Listeners are divided into two groups. The 1st group will create a script for the event on the theme "My mother tongue is my soul". The 2nd group will create an event scenario on the topic of "Sultan of Word Property". Presentation. One of the listeners from the group introduces the scenarios they have written. As homework, write a scenario for an event that can be held during the month of Mother Language and Literary Science. It is known that the lesson is not the only form of educational work in the classroom. Excursions, individual and group trainings with tutors, counseling sessions before the exams will also introduce different forms of the educational process. Therefore, all these are auxiliary types of training and cannot take the place of the decisive function of the lesson in the educational process. The purpose of studying outside the classroom is to improve reading skills, to educate a conscious reader who is a regular reader who chooses books, who can correctly evaluate the book he has read. Since 1959, extracurricular classes have been organized in schools. Children's books consisting of small works of 8-16 pages are selected for reading outside the classroom. A work of 1-1.5 pages is used in the extracurricular reading lesson. Pupils are introduced to them by the teacher. The main task of the out-of-class study program is to improve reading skills, enrich their knowledge, and teach them to work independently with books. 20 minutes of the last reading lesson per week is reserved for reading outside the classroom. The subject of reading is determined in accordance with the theme of the works read in the class, the unity of education, seasonality, stage and children's interest, and the works are selected. The main task of studying outside the classroom is to teach children independent practical activities, enrich their knowledge and improve their reading skills. Book exhibitions are organized together with the school library. To be able to distinguish the title of the book cover, to distinguish the pages, to recognize and learn the author of the work, names, artists. On the basis of the picture, it is possible to determine what the works are about, the content. Teaching students to write a list of books they read. To teach students to choose a book from
recommended works on certain topics and to form reading skills, to briefly summarize the content of the work they have read. Extracurricular study is held once a week in the 1st-2nd grade, and once every 2 weeks in the 3rd-4th grade. In the process of literacy training, 17-20 minutes of the last alphabet lesson of the week are allocated.
The main task of these classes is to make the student want to read fiction books, to teach them to keep a daily life based on the books they read, to familiarize them with the life and work of famous writers of children's literature in an elementary way. The task of the methodology is to recommend a list of reading materials for reading outside the classroom, to develop samples of the annual curriculum and lesson plans. The following principles are followed when choosing a book for reading outside the classroom: 1. The works of Uzbek and foreign writers of children's literature. 2. When choosing a book, consider the service of comprehensive education of students. 3. Paying attention to the diversity of the genre and theme of the work. 4. Taking into account the age and level of students. 5. Considering students' personal interest in independent study.
The main form of guidance for extracurricular learning is special "reading outside the classroom" lessons, which is considered a free lesson. Out-of-class reading lessons develop students' reading interests, scope of knowledge, aesthetic impression, perception of artistic images, creativity, skills and abilities of an active reader. Extracurricular requirements: start each lesson with an introductory conversation; taking into account books and works read by students in each lesson;
- recommending new works for reading in each lesson; carrying out analysis of the work read in each lesson in the interview method; preparing exhibitions based on the works read, writing reviews, collecting information about the author of the work, preparing albums, keeping a reading diary; organize a summarizing, concluding conversation about the works analyzed in each lesson.
Important tasks of extracurricular studies:
- reading a work, educating the student's independence in choosing a work, for this, giving assignments for independent completion; - use interesting types of exercises, read the best essays, reviews, collected information about the writer. - Organization of contests for speaking quickly, finding riddles, expressive reading, saying contests, weaving fairy tales, connoisseurs' conference. It is necessary to organize question - answers on specific topics, use game-style work types.
Discussions. A summary of the new lesson topic: Out-of-class activities in primary education subjects have both educational and educational goals. Its educational importance is that the student acquires additional knowledge, skills and abilities in this process. The educational value of speech etiquette is expressed in the formation of qualities such as intelligence, quickness and promptness, independent thinking, creative activity, education of speech etiquette. Extracurricular activities in literature can be divided into permanent and seasonal activities.
The virtues of instilling love for science and thirst for knowledge are integral components of moral education. Children's success in studying determines their place in the group. The relationship of those around him is determined. Success in education raises the child's moral education to a higher level. To explain the incomparability of books and reading in the formation of high spirituality in the hearts of students. The following should be followed when organizing an event on the theme: "The book is a source of life for young people": 1. Identify book lovers. 2. Making a list of books read by them. 3. Creating a list of questions about the works of art read. 4. Preparation of students' lectures on the topic "The book is a source of knowledge", memorization
of proverbs, riddles, poems about the book. 5. To resolve the issue of inviting poets and writers to the party with the administration. 6. Preparation of presenters of the party or event.
Universal human values should always be in the center of attention in educational institutions, and in order to realize them, it is the main duty of everyone to protect individual freedom and democracy. According to tradition, every academic year, literature teachers organize a number of activities to celebrate the birthdays of poets and writers as part of the month of science. These events should excite students and fill their hearts with joy. Making the events exemplary, meaningful and interesting requires special preparation and productivity from each teacher. These events should lighten up the feeling of faith in the hearts of the students, instill love for the Motherland, its people, literature, poets and their works. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to correctly choose the topic of the event, to be able to accurately determine the student's age, level of knowledge, qualifications and skills. The room where the event will be held should be decorated in accordance with the theme, equipped with literature (portraits of poets, writers, their works). It will be appropriate if the events are organized with the help of dramatized films in the form of conversation, question-and-answer, debate-discussion. Slogans should be hung in the room where the event is held, in the corridors, even on the front of the classroom. The script will be written in the following order:
1. The introduction of the event is written to provide information about the importance of the teacher, poet and his work today, and the purpose of today's event.
2. Speakers' speeches (there can be 2 or 1 presenters) they will give art to the event in poetic and prose ways.
3. If guests have been invited, the guests and the leader of the event will be given the floor.
4. The show of art pieces planned at the event will be reflected in the sequence.
From time immemorial, our nation has worked to ensure that our children grow up to be healthy, mature, well-rounded people in all respects. They effectively used various educational tools, including the art of speech. In particular, in the examples of children's literature, it can be observed that the authors always focus on the characteristics of children of primary school age, moral issues. Samples of children's literature correspond to the age, interests and mental world of elementary school students, quickly affect and arouse pleasure. Therefore, reading and analyzing examples of children's literature in the 3rd-4th grade reading classes outside the classroom ensures educational effectiveness. Among the talented creators, we have published poems and fairy tales such as T. Adashboyev's "Twelve Sheets of Paper", "One Action from Four Actions", "Alg'ov-dalg'ov zheh", Anvar Obidjon's "Obbo Kalamush- ey", "Tekinkhor", "The tale of the wolf who became a doctor", along with works such as H. Imomberdiyev's works, we are enriching the content of extracurricular reading classes and increasing the effectiveness of education. Extracurricular reading lessons positively support the student's reading activity. In this case, after the general topic has been assigned, the teacher must monitor its preparation. Corrections and referrals are given to work on the topic. To improve the active participation of children, the topic of discussion and specific hypothetical questions are posted in the classroom. If 2-3 students discuss the same work, it is necessary to separate the images in order not to allow opinions to be returned. If the teacher can properly organize the discussion, this method of analyzing the work becomes very important. Debate increases students' ability to think, speak, and range of knowledge. According to scientists, one should not be afraid to discuss, but it is necessary to accustom the people to participate in the discussion. This is the only way to make the thought clear
and clear, as well as the language. Knowing that it is possible to argue about every wrong idea, will certainly teach the student to speak correctly, to speak the truth, to find out. It's also worth noting that a larger section of the book must be completed for discussion. For example: "What is good and what is bad", "In the animal world", "People's oral creativity" sections, etc. "Stork has come, summer has come" and "Chori chambar" are very broad topics in the "People's oral creativity" department, and children can happily discuss the amazing events and incidents in their lives. It is really easier for the child. Because the past adventures, events and incidents related to him will be imprinted in their memory for a lifetime. The effectiveness of extracurricular activities depends on whether the selected literature is educationally mature and interesting for children. The decoration, picture, colors of the book to be read should attract the child at the first sight. Choosing the right book helps students to develop human qualities such as devotion to national ideals, love of their people, enjoyment of values, conscious attitude to study and work. After all, the power of fiction in the process of education is great, it beautifies human life and enriches it spiritually. The works read in extracurricular activities should make a great impression on children, create positive pleasure and remain in their memory, therefore, the artistic texture images in the work, the participating animals, and the natural scenes depicted in them should have a positive effect on children. It is appropriate for the teacher to pay special attention to the following when choosing and teaching works:
- knowing the mentality of the student and choosing literature taking into account their age, abilities, and circumstances; (problem: 1st grade)
- to pay attention to the size, decoration, picture, colors, and expressiveness of the literature; (bright paint, large letters, quality paper, cheerfulness, attractiveness).
- draw students' attention to each story or fairy tale before reading it; (asking specific questions, giving referrals without restrictions on free opinion)
- to read each work in a unique tone, observing punctuation marks, to pronounce words clearly and correctly, to read expressively, paying attention to the tone and content of sentences;
- to be able to understand the meaning and idea of the read works, draw conclusions about them, teach to give recommendations to the heroes of the work;
- developing the skill of speaking the content of the work based on a certain plan;
- organization of the process of cooperation with students in order to achieve results higher than the available possibilities;
- efficient use of one-way, two-way, group communication;
- events held outside the classroom should be aimed at developing a number of emotions such as students' sense of innovation, striving for a goal, independence, creativity, value of time, hospitality;
- the selected books should be in accordance with the interests of the students.
Conclusion. The practical advice given above will help students to make their work
system more effective. Extracurricular lessons are free lessons; in such special classes children's interest in reading, scope of knowledge, aesthetic impression, perception of artistic images, creativity develop; active readers develop the necessary skills and abilities. Extracurricular lessons are focused on increasing the activity of students, so their construction is very diverse. Each lesson is a creation of the teacher and the student; the more diversity and vitality is achieved in the lesson, the more successful the teacher is in his class. Despite this, the performance of the tasks assigned to non-classroom non-learning level classes is subject to certain requirements. Books read by
children are taken into account in each lesson. They bring the books they have read or are reading to the class, and two or three students briefly talk about the books they have read. The teacher creates a situation of mutual exchange of ideas in the lesson, and the exchange of ideas can continue outside of the lesson. New books are recommended for each lesson. There are different forms of recommendation, they are exchange of ideas, showing the book and directly recommending it, organizing an exhibition related to a personal theme or the author in the class, from the recommended book to interest the students. consists of reading a passage, showing a picture, showing a slide or a passage. In each lesson, students read a story, a fairy tale, a poem; If the book is small in size, they will read it in its entirety, if it is a large book, they will read it during two or three lessons. They read more out loud, in addition, the lesson uses internal reading, poem memorization, and role-playing. In each lesson, there will be an element of conversation, i.e., answering the educational question, freely telling the analysis of the work read. In free storytelling, this question is generally asked: "What did you like the most?", "What can you say about this book?" such as. In the process of analysis, special importance is given to the places related to the upbringing of children in the spirit of communist morality. In each lesson, a certain new reading skill is formed: finding information about the author, finding out what the book is about based on the title, creating an exhibition, writing a book review or keeping a reader's diary. It is recommended to use traditional teaching methods (retelling, vocabulary work, conversation) only where necessary in extracurricular reading lessons, vocabulary work plays a supporting role in such lessons: some difficult words are explained, the students' attention is focused on clear, convenient turns of speech that should be memorized. All difficult words can be explained, so children are taught to read the explanation of some words given at the bottom of the corresponding page. Short retelling, retelling of the part of the student liked to read (selective retelling), dramatization is used in extracurricular reading lessons. The creative forms of retelling of non-reading outside the classroom are to use words or graphic drawing, application, literary-musical composition, (music composition) pictures, (pictures) portraits, (portraits) diafilms. creates conditions. It is also possible to use creative work such as writing an essay, an article for a newspaper based on what has been read.
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