CC BY
3Daminov X. assistant
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and agrotechnologies
Uzbekistan, Andijan
THE IMPORTANCE OF POTATO PLANTING PERIODS AFTER GRAIN GRAIN CROPS AND ITS EFFECT ON POTATO FERTILITY AND VERTICELLIYOZ SAGGING DISEASE
Annotation: by choosing the right time for planting potatoes in the evening, the further cultivation of potato dressing will also lead to an increase in the quality of resistance of the potato plant to many diseases, both macro-and macro.
Keywords: Nav, agrotechnics, dressing, vegetative, crop, disease, potogen, micro organism, temperature, feed, field, growth period, seed, Bud, term.
Introduction: the role and importance of the agrarian sector in ensuring food security of the population on a global scale is increasing day by day. In particular, the rational use of the available resources and opportunities in our country, the guaranteed provision of the population with agricultural products, the further increase of productivity and competitiveness, the introduction of scientific achievements and modern approaches to the sphere is an urgent issue. The rational use of a Gro in Har is a mohum function for Har a dekhkan and fkrmer farms headmen. Bunda is mainly responsible for the correct selection of kegin repeated crops from autumn spike grain crops. Object and methods of research:before planting potatoes as a repeated crop should be selected nav. And this was determined on the basis of our studies that Sante, Binella, Condor, Marfona, Caratop, Arizona, Saviola, Picasso, Gala, Evolyushn, Mondial, Almera, Volare, Yarakli-2010, Spring-30 etc.are suitable.
This month, medium-sized and medium-sized varieties of potatoes are eaten. the work is carried out in farms located in the central regions within the period from 10-30 June. In the southern regions, 15-20 days after this, in the northern regions, it is recommended to plant yesa 15-20 days earlier.
In the preparation of land for the evening potato harvest is cleaned from the remains of the crop, laid out on the recommendation of organic and mineral fertilizers, the fields are plucked to a depth of 28-32 CM in a row, followed by scratches to a depth of 20-22 CM. Together with boronation, molalanib KRN-2,8 A is obtained and watered with the help of a softener. The fields of summer potatoes, which are separated as the
main land, are softened to a depth of 20-25 cm, then molted together with borona, and watering greens are obtained.
It is recommended to plant potatoes in a sn-4B Rotary device in the period when the field can be satisfied and irrigated areas, the earth can be reached, and the mechanism of sowing can be accessed. Potato endings grown for consumption are sown in the range of 70x25-30 cm or 90x20-25 cm.
The fields are watered 1-2 times according to the weather and Earth conditions until the seedlings are fully grown. As a result of watering, weeds also begin to grow intensively. For the purpose of their loss, it is of great importance to process mint with a round boron or a rotational boron between the rows and the top of the yegats 4-6 days after irrigation is an important measure. After 10-15 days after they have fully sprouted from the Earth, the plants are first treated witheksex, the range is softened to a depth of 15-16 CM, leaving a protective masofasi 10-12 cm. Then the yesa plant should be cleaned of weeds, lightly pitted between them. After that, it is recommended to feed the plants on the field with nitrogen fertilizer (2,8%) for the first time using krn-50 A rotary softener, and then watered satisfactorily. The second Komplex processing (after bi-rinchi) is carried out 25-28 days later or in the period of Bud to the top of the plant.
To grow a crop higher than potatoes, the soil moisture before watering should be at least 75-80% compared to the saturated field wet capacity of the soil, so that the plant grows and develops well.
The soil moisture in the burlap soil is not less than 75-80 percent, the water depth is 50-70 CM. li layer wetlasa, potatoes per hectare from the account 450-600 m3, in marshy and Marsh-Meadow soils yesa should be watered accordingly ozroq norm. How many times watering potatoes is determined depending on what time of its ripening.
Late potatoes are eaten in the summer at the same time of the day warm. The field must necessarily be watered before or after the potato is eaten. the period of growth of the crop also begins when the air is at the same dry and the soil is overheated. The depletion period falls on autumn, at which time the air and soil temperature begin to decrease significantly, and by the end of the growth period, the precipitation-hair begins to fall. Therefore, in the evening potatoes should be eaten and watered as soon as the lawn appears.
In the evening, potatoes are watered in the growth period 8-10 days to a norm. With 2-3 weeks to harvest the harvest, watering is stopped.
Sizot Suyu is watered 12-13 times in the evening potatoes, sizot Suyu is watered 6-10 times in the earthy lands, where the chukur is located. Due to the fact that the growth period of their late sown for seeds is shorter, they are given one or two times less water.
The potato plant is extremely demanding on the main nutrient elements. In order to obtain a higher yield of potatoes, which is sown in the evening, it is recommended to give mineral fertilizeritlarni in the following quantities:
- when grown on soils of ancient irrigated brood, it is necessary to give 250 kg of nitrogen, 180 kg of phosphorus, 125 kg of potassium per hectare in pure form.
-when grown on Meadow, Meadow-marsh land, yesa is recommended to give 200 kg of nitrogen, 160 kg of phosphorus, 100 kg of potassium.
Organic fertilizer total: 75 percent of the phosphorus is recommended to give to the Earth before the main processing, the remaining 25% phosphorus, when the finished products with 50% nitrogen are fully grown. The remaining 50% nitrogen, potassium is given to potatoes closer to the plant during the period of torture. Potatoes are moisture-loving (especially during flowering and maturation), light-loving, somewhat frost-resistant plant whose buds at the end of the maturation in the soil begin to flour at 5-8°. Multiplies by endings and seeds. With the method of Meristema, the technology of obtaining seeds without a virus has been developed.
Diseases: sorrel disease-the diseased plant is sorrel, then it dries up more. When the plant is considered to cut off the stem the damaged flute tissue is brownish hue. The disease spreads more on a hot day; macrosporiosis-on the leaves appear dark spots of beetles. Then it will fold and completely cover the Leaf, such leaves will dry out. The disease also passes into the stem of the plant, forming from them elongated brown spots; black rot-PoA, as well as the lower leaves turn yellow, the upper ones are twisted in the form of a boat. Then the bottom of the stem darkens, thinens, potatoes are not formed; ring rot-at the beginning of the disease, the potato Palatine is sagged, the end rot (when cut, brown ring rot is visible). Diseases such as potato nausea, Gothic, small leaves, twisting of leaves also cause serious damage to the normal growth, development and harvest of potatoes.
The measures for the Prevention of diseases include the correct Organization of crop rotation, the use of high agrotechnics and potassium fertilizers, the removal of crop residues and diseased plants, measures for the selection of seeds. In addition to these, against macrosporiosis, plants are sprinkled with 1% Bordeaux liquid, 0,3-0,5% copper chloride oxide solution and 0,5% syneb suspension. In seeds from abroad, sometimes phytophthorose triples. Against this, it is possible to use poisonous drugs that are used against macrosporiosis.
The symptoms of this disease, in which viral diseases of potatoes are common in Uzbekistan, are extremely variable. Most often on the leaves of potatoes there are mosaics, on the bun there are dark-green and light-green parts, one after the other, the leaves are twisted, sometimes thinned, almost spinning in shape. The height of the diseased plants decreases, and the midline of the poya is reduced. The root bud of the stem receives a burgundy hue, and these spots spread on the tops and branches of the paws. At the root, reddish-brown spots appear. Some viruses that harm potatoes are very stable, and they can be stored long in plant residues. From sick plants to health, some viruses pass through
working weapons, machines, equipment and equipment. The Virus is stored in the remains of the plant and damages the potato sprouts planted the next year through the roots. In the field, the virus spreads from the weeds infected with Mosaic to the potatoes.
References:
1. Methodology of State variety testing of agricultural crops. - M.: Kolos, 1971. -239 p.
2. Methods of conducting field and vegetation experiments with forage crops. VIC. -M.: 1983. -285 p.
3. Methods of biochemical research of plants. L.: Kolos, 1972. -456 p.
4. Oripov R. Green intermediate crops in agriculture of Uzbekistan, their influence on soil fertility, yield of cotton and other crops: Abstract doc. -S.H. of sciences: - Omsk. 1983. -34 p.
5. Oripov R.O. Uzbekistan dehkanchili oralik ekinlar towards (methodological recommendations). - Samarkand, 1985. - 10 b.
