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90THE IMPORTANCE OF FLORA AND FAUNA
Maftuna Akhmedova Gulmira Khaydarova Dilshoda Bokiyeva
Student of KarSU Student of KarSU Student of KarSU
ABSTRACT
The ecosystem is a complex, interconnected network comprising biotic and abiotic elements. Biotic elements include all living organisms such as plants, animals and microorganisms. Abiotic components, on the other hand, include non-living entities that are vital for the survival of life and these include soil, water, climate, etc. Among all biotic elements, Flora and Fauna are the most fascinating ones.
Keywords: flora, fauna, organisms, adaptation, surviving, animals, flowers
The planet Earth is a beautiful place to live in. Life has flourished on the planet, thanks to the bountiful sun and vast oceans of water. No matter where we go on the planet, there are stunning plants, flowers, and animals that catch our attention. They are two very important aspects of any eco-system. Flora and fauna are very important for human existence. The flora liberates oxygen that is consumed by the fauna for respiratory activities. Fauna, in turn, liberates carbon dioxide consumed by the flora for photosynthesis.
Flora and fauna hugely benefit mankind through its medicinal and food offerings. Animals maintain the equilibrium by predating on different plants and animals to balance their population on earth. Animal droppings are a source of fertilizer. The dead animals decay and act as supplement minerals for other animals.
The term flora in Latin means "Goddess of the Flower." Flora is a collective term for a group of plant life found in a particular region. The whole plant kingdom is represented by this name.
Flora is classified and differentiated based on many factors. The best one among them is the area in which they grow or are found. Some grow in desert regions or in water, some are found in hilly areas while some are endemic to a specific geographic location. According to the place at which they grow, they have adaptations also. For example, Cactus plants are naturally seen in deserts. They have adaptations like modified leaves or prickles to preserve water and protect themselves from predators.
Plantlife on the earth can be distinguished from each other in a number of ways. The simplest is to divide on the basis of region. Plants that grow specifically in the mountains will be very different from those that grow in the desert.
Similarly, the plants that have adapted to living underwater are treated as a unique form of flora. Scientists can also study 'Fossil Flora', which comprises of plant life that
was found in pre-historic times. The current flora and fauna of the earth are also divided on the basis of the environment in which it is grown or seen naturally.
When we talk about 'Native Flora', we are referring to the plant life that is indigenous to a particular region. Cacti are the native flora of deserts all over the world. They can grow in most weather conditions but are native to the sandy dunes of deserts. When we refer to 'Agricultural Flora', we are talking about plant life that has been grown by humans for a certain purpose.
They may or may not be native, but are used by humans for their own needs. Similarly there is 'Garden Flora' or 'Horticultural Flora', which are plants grown for decorative purposes. And then we have the 'Weed Flora', which are plants that are either undesirable in certain areas or invasive within the native plant life.
Scientists and biologists have made different classification of Flora on the basis of location and use. Let's read about them one by one:
> Fossil Flora - Fossil flora contains plant life of the prehistoric time.
> Native Flora - These species of plants are indigenous to a specific location. For example, Cactus is a plant that only found in Deserts mainly although they can be grown in any region but are natives to desert areas.
> Agricultural Flora - Agriculture Flora is a plant grown by humans for a certain purpose. These plants can be foreign or native and fulfil human needs. They are very useful as they provide food and herbal benefits to humans.
> Horticulture Flora - These are the plants grown by humans mainly for the decorations. These plants are used in various occasions and festivals.
> Weed Flora - These plants are undesirable in some areas and can be harmful to native plant life. They take the nutrition of native plants. Therefore, farmers usually remove the weeds from the native plants.
Fauna represents the animal life indigenous to a region. There are many explanations regarding the origin of the word. As per Roman mythology, Fauna or "Faunus" is the name of the goddess of fertility. Another source is "Fauns" which means "Forest spirits."
Animal kingdom comprises a variety of animal life forms. Hence, the classification of fauna is much more complex than the floral division. Therefore, for ease of classification;
• Birds are categorized under the name Avifauna.
• Fishes under Pisci Fauna.
• Microorganisms including bacteria and virus are generally considered under animal kingdom, they are known as Microfauna.
• All unknown and undiscovered animals are named as cryptofauna.
Since time immemorial, there have been accounts of animals that have been thought to exist but have eluded the scientific community, thereby classifying them as cryptofauna or cryptids.
Most of these reports are just tall tales but until recently, a few have documented through actual physical evidence and scientific scrutiny. One such example is the colossal squid. This cryptid has been allegedly being sighted since the 17th and 18th century, often being cited in the diaries and logbooks of sailors.
Fauna is also divided into various parts. The division helps in getting a good understanding of the Fauna. Let's read them to gain information about fauna.
Avifauna - Avifauna is related to birds. Here scientists study various species of birds, their habitat and time of migration etc.
> Piscifauna - This area of Fauna deals with the study of different varieties of fishes found in various water bodies throughout the globe.
> Microfauna - They are the minute microorganisms found in soil. They are studied with the help of a microscope. Examples of microfauna are: nematodes, worms, single-celled organisms, arthropods etc. they are mostly present in the soil. They get their food by feeding themselves on smaller microorganisms.
> Cryptofauna - Cryptofauna is a class of animals that cannot be found easily or rare. Sometimes mythological animals are also studied under Cryptofauna.
> Megafauna - Unlike microfauna, megafauna studies large animals which are clearly visible from naked eyes.
Earth has been blessed with so much Flora and Fauna; there are great varieties of animals and plants that provide benefits to humans in more than one way. We get various resources and minerals from our ecosystem. Without plants and animals survival of humans on this planet will become next to impossible. Thus preventing the environment should be the utmost priority [10-21].
The flora and fauna spread across the earth contribute to the aesthetic value of the earth. People visit several biosphere reserves, national parks and zoos, forests, botanical gardens, etc. to enjoy the beauty of landmarks. This explains the significance of flora and fauna in our day to day lives [22-30].
Flora and Fauna contribute to the local economies through tourism. The flora and fauna of Amazon forests attract tourists and scientists which contributes to about 50 million dollars to the Brazilian economy. Caribbean, Indonesia, Panama are other tourist locations that attract millions of people due to its widespread flora and fauna.
Without flora and fauna, humans cannot exist. The flora generates and releases oxygen, which is needed by the fauna for respiratory purposes. In return, the fauna produces and releases carbon dioxide, which is needed by the flora for photosynthesis.
Also, humans benefit a lot from flora and fauna in regards to sources of food, medicine, and water. Our main source of food emanates from plant and animal species. Over 90% of medicine we use to cure diseases comes from flora. If it were not for the flora, there would be no water, which means we would not exist right now.
It sounds philosophical but true about nature. Let's come back to science again and discover more interesting facts about Flora and Fauna. Biologists use these two terms that are Flora and Fauna when they study different species of plants and animals of a specific geographic region.
It's a symbiotic kind of relationship. In the same line, humans cannot get by without both flora and fauna. The oxygen that we breathe in comes from the flora, and the carbon dioxide we exhale is vital for the flora.
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