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THE IMPORTANCE OF CAD/CAM/CAE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Fayzimatov SH.N., Gafurov A.M.
ABSTRACT: In conditions of increasing globalization at modern production facilities, the ability of a modern engineering company to compete in the production of high-tech products is determined by the technological capabilities of the product. These opportunities are represented by quality improvement, timely implementation and low economic costs. Increasing productivity in this direction is an important achievement in the development of modern engineering production.
KEY WORDS: system, G-code, RDB machine, software, production, design, details, cutting tool, cutting process
I. INTRODUCTION
Read more about the project, details of the maintenance, and the details of the technology and functional details of the role of the manufacturer in the production of machine tools. We are working on the problems of machine-to-machine forecasting. CAD/CAM/CAE.
The role and importance of CAD/CAM/CAE systems in the design and manufacture of engineering products indicates that the design department at the manufacturing enterprise should take into account financial resources in the production and production of marketable products. This distribution has two directions: expensive and profitable. In the first area, the main goal of a manufacturing enterprise may be the desire to manufacture and minimize costs associated with the production of new products on the market.
In the second direction, the main task of the manufacturer is to expand the range of demand for products. The distribution of financial resources of manufacturing enterprises under the influence of information systems related to the capabilities of CAD/CAM/CAE systems is new:
Reducing the cost of technology and parts from part 1;
Reducing the costs associated with the need to make changes to the project at the next stage of development 2 (planned development);
3) Accelerate the technological preparation of production (quick start of production);
Increasing customer satisfaction with the time and cost of the project;
5 Respond quickly to market needs;
6-increase customer satisfaction with product quality and performance;
Flexibility of developing new 7 markets;
The ability to expand the characteristics of the goods after the 8th sale (replacement, maintenance, etc.).
The ability to use the knowledge of the 9th computer in new projects.
Dissemination of information technology projects for the management of financial resources of a manufacturing enterprise.
Engineering processes include automation methods and design selection, knowledge of production planning and operational management, the role of engineering in the republic and the results of socio-economic reforms.
Modeling is a very simple solution when removing some complex surfaces.
Development of control programs in NX CAM is carried out in several stages. The operation sequence is shown in fig. 1.2. Not all steps are required.
Work begins with the selection of the processing environment (initialization). Different types of processing use different templates for initialization. At this stage, those objects are created that are necessary for this type of processing.
The next step is Geometry Analysis. The stage is necessary if the technologist of the model did not create, but received it from the designer or a third-party customer. At this stage, the overall dimensions of the part, the dimensions of the elements (groove width, hole diameter, etc.), the radius of rounding of the model elements, the presence and magnitude of the slopes (for equipment) are analyzed.
Preparing the model for processing is sometimes necessary, at this stage you can remove the elements that will be obtained in other operations (for example, by EDM), add slopes, allowances, modify model elements taking into account the tolerance dimensions, etc. In fact, these are CAD operations for CAM tasks, they will also be discussed later.
The correct approach is not to modify the design model itself, but its associative copy.
An important step is creating or editing parent groups. This is a distinctive feature of NX CAM; objects defined in parent groups are inherited by the operations associated with them. This approach allows you to manage immediately all operations that use a specific parent group by modifying the objects of this group. Parent groups are defined for 4 categories: Program, Tool, Geometry, Method. This is discussed in detail in the next section.
Next is the stage of creating or editing processing operations. Operations are of different types and use different parent groups. We will pay attention to this when considering specific operations. Operations with specific parameters can be saved in the project without generating them. This is useful if the process of generating operations takes a considerable time. The generation of trajectories is taken out in a separate stage, and it can be carried out immediately for a group of operations. Checking the toolpaths is necessary in order to identify possible problems, such as notches or collisions of the tool with the snap. NX CAM has several tools for checking trajectories, including simulation of the machine, carried out in the codes of the control program.
Prior to the postprocessing stage, the paths are independent of a particular machine. In order for the trajectory to be worked out by the machine, it must be Post-processed (or converted to the format of a specific machine). It is at this stage that a control program (UE) is obtained, and one UE can include several trajectories created by various operations. However, the postprocessor is incorrectly regarded as a simple converter, it can perform additional checks, calculations, can analyze some conditions and, depending on this, modify the displayed information.
Modern production relies heavily on the use of CNC machines. The machines themselves are becoming more complex, becoming more intelligent. However, their effective operation requires effective management. Increased competition and market demand for complex products make enterprises think about the comprehensive automation of production preparation and production itself. In this setting, the stage of development of control programs is no longer perceived as an autonomous task, but should be associated with other stages of design and technological preparation of production.
Reducing serialization, as well as increasing the variability of output, leads to the need for flexible changes in control programs in accordance with the changes. Developing a new management program from scratch is the most inefficient way. It is necessary to make maximum use of previous developments.
The CAM-system is required to have tools for checking programs for notches and collisions. This allows you to significantly reduce the process of introducing UP on the machine, as the machine should be used to the maximum extent for production. The setup time, and especially the downtime as a result of a breakdown, is expensive for the enterprise. It is necessary to check control programs outside the machine based on G- / M-codes taking into account the entire technological system (Machine-Tool-Tool-Detail).
The advent of modern turning and milling multifunctional machines significantly changes the production technology itself, the concentration of operations increases, and the number of plants decreases significantly. The programming of such machines should, to the maximum extent, take into account the current state of the workpiece, including when transferring between turning and milling operations. The presence of several working bodies (for example, a milling spindle and a turret) allows you to perform processing in parallel for maximum productivity. Such work even more requires verification of the control unit in the context of the entire machine, including technological equipment.
The NX software package has many new features and improvements that significantly increase product development productivity. Improvements to integrated CAD applications in NX include quick design tools, such as simplified sketching, transformation of free-form models using synchronous technology, and new documentation tools that significantly improve the quality of 2D design.
New rapid design tools accelerate the creation and placement of 2D profiles, automatically imposing restrictions and identifying the intent of the creator of the model. As a result, the time to create a model is reduced to 50%.
The integration of revolutionary synchronous technology with modeling of free-form bodies in NX transforms the process of working with models with complex geometry, including those imported from other CAD systems. Users can create a simple prismatic or analytically defined form, and using appropriate tools, complex organic models.
Fig. 1. detail processed in the NX CAM program.
II. THEORETIC INFORMATION SYSTEM CAM
CAM is a leading 3D relief design software. CAM translates ideas into finished products much faster than possible using conventional methods.
CAM Express is an entry-level system and therefore requires minimal knowledge of modeling and processing from the user, it is ideal for inexperienced users. The program toolkit contains functionality that allows you to implement a project starting with a sketch, and ending with the manufacture of the product. CAM Express is designed for engraving, milling various materials, cutting from sheet material and solving many other problems.
In the Delcam CAM product line, the CAM Insignia version ranks between the basic version of CAM Express and the full-featured version of CAM Pro. CAM Insignia contains a complete set of tools for working with vectors and bitmap graphics, as well as for creating and editing 3D reliefs. The system allows using the obtained model to create a set of tool paths for various CNC equipment. It can be either simple desktop engraving machines or milling machining centers. In addition, the program allows you to create control programs for laser processing.
CAM Pro is a software package for spatial modeling / machining, which allows you to automatically generate spatial models from a flat drawing and get products from them on CNC machines. CAM Pro offers a powerful, easy-to-use set of modeling tools that gives the designer the freedom to create complex spatial reliefs.
CAM JewelSmith is a technology-design package designed to replace the engraver's manual labor with machine work and, in some cases, eliminate it altogether. This system allows you to quickly and easily create three-dimensional models from two-dimensional images presented in standard formats of graphic packages: raster - BMP, TIF, PCX, GIF, JPEG and vector DXF, AI, EPS, WMF, as well as native Delkovsky - PIC. CAM JewelSmith contains tools for modeling complex shapes and combining saved reliefs, generating toolpaths for roughing and finishing engraving strategies, and preparing data for rapid prototyping machines and 3D printers. Easy and intuitive Russified Windows-interface, speed of study and a wide range of
features allow it to take a solid place in the instrumental baggage of the designer and technologist.
Trajectory for GUS
The tool path for high-speed milling must satisfy a number of requirements, most of which are quite obvious:
the tool must not hammer the part;
the cutting load on the tool should be within its permissible limits;
the tool path should not make sharp protrusions (peaks) exceeding a certain limit;
sudden changes in material removal rate must be avoided;
speeds and accelerations must be within the permissible limits for the machine;
the on / off cutting direction should be supported;
sudden changes in cutting direction should be avoided;
idling should be minimized;
the travel time of the entire trajectory should be minimized.
However, with respect to a particular part, it is very difficult to create a tool path that meets all of these requirements. Usually, all these limitations cannot be taken into account when finishing a real part of complex shape. The best thing to do in this situation is to take into account the most significant limitations and neglect the less significant ones. Some of these restrictions are indeed crucial, they are listed above in order of priority.
Finishing poses a particular challenge for the HLW, as the shape of the part is a limitation that cannot be circumvented, and imperfections in cutting conditions often appear in visible marks on the finished surface. Of course, roughness can be polished, but this undermines confidence in the GUS. Roughing or semi-finishing is easier to optimize, since the CAM operator can correct the shape of the part after the operation and remove the marked features during finishing.
To the beginning To the beginning Program scope
Good programs for high-speed processing are executed on the machine very quickly, but their creation requires much more time and effort. In the manufacture of molds and dies, where the part is manufactured in a single copy, delays in waiting for the program are permissible. Attempts by CAM-operators to speed up the creation of programs can lead to angular cutting, as a result of which the program becomes less efficient. The optimal balance will be achieved when CAM-operators can also support machines with reduced speed.
Of course, this is not an ideal strategy. In order to get the best result from GUS, it is very important to ensure an adequate CAM volume so that the machine is fully loaded with high-quality programs:
Choose CAM software that has the capabilities you need for high-speed processing. This will reduce the burden on operators who need to optimize their programs;
Choose CAM software that quickly calculates toolpaths with no cuts. Batch computing allows you to calculate complex programs at night;
Use powerful computers and update them regularly. Make sure that the computer has
enough RAM;
make sure that you have enough CAM-operators and they have the necessary experience and skills;
make sure that the operators are properly trained to create GUS programs. Training operators to create workplace programs is a good way to use existing knowledge. Delcam regularly hosts the HSM Master Classes in collaboration with H.R. Pearce and Mitsubishi.
To the beginning To the beginning
Processing sequence planning
For all parts, except for the simplest, the GUS is divided into several steps. Choosing the right sequence of steps is the most important stage of GUS programming, and this is where experience is most valuable. The vast majority of user problems that we saw in Delcam were due to improper use of the processing strategy, and not due to errors in the strategy itself. The level of automation in systems such as PowerMILL is constantly growing, but user attentiveness and caution cannot be replaced with anything.
It is useless to describe the entire planning process here, but here are some simple recommendations:
First of all, think about the material that you need to remove, and not about the finished finish form of the part that you are trying to do (Fig. 2 shows how this can help in understanding what is happening);
Take as few steps as possible;
prefer continuous cutting strategies (for example, offset trajectories are usually better than raster);
avoid immersion in material if possible. Use any convenient opportunity to approach from the side of the workpiece;
Avoid overlapping with various finishing treatments at critical parts of the part, as visible marks will remain where the treatments are applied.
try to use one tool when finishing critical sections of the part, since errors in the installation of the tool can lead to visible defects on the surface;
leave the cutter as short as possible, as the long cutter wears out faster. If necessary, reorient the part so that hard-to-reach parts.
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