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38THE IMPORTANCE OF ADVENTURE TOURISM
Sabo Daliyeva
Student of KarSU
ABSTRACT
This article presents the role of adventure tourism in tourism and suggestions for the development of this type of tourism
Keywords: tourism, tourist, excursion process, mountain ranges, waterfalls
Humans are traveling from ancient time for the searching for foods, and for many survival reasons. Humans have been engaging in adventurous travel for hundreds of year via exploration. People traveled in ancient time for exploration of sea roots, new destination, or even a new country.
Adventure tourism is defined as the movement of the people from one to another place outside their comfort zone for exploration or travel to remote areas, exotic and possibly hostile areas. Adventure tourism is a type of tourism in which tourist do some adventures activities like as skydiving, hill climbing, scuba diving.
Adventure tourism is very popular among young age tourists. Adventure tourism gains much of its excitement by allowing the tourists to step outside their comfort zone. This may be from experiencing cultural shock or through the performance of acts, that required some degree of risk (real or perceived) and physical danger.
Adventure tourism is a new concept in the tourism industry. Tourism industry adopted adventure tourism, but there is not any specific definition of adventure tourism. Most commentators concur that adventure tourism is a niche sector of the tourism industry, but there are many other niche sectors in tourism which have same characteristics that overlap with adventure tourism such as ecotourism, activity tourism or adventure travel.
Adventure tourism has grown exponentially all over the world in recent years with tourist visiting destinations previously undiscovered. This allows for a new destination to market themselves as truly unique, appealing to those traveler looking for rare, incomparable experience.
Adventure tourism includes various activities like caving, hiking, sailing, trekking etc. Adventure tourism categorized into two categories. These are following as:
1. Hard Adventure
2. Soft Adventure
Hard adventure refers to activities with high levels of risk, requiring intense commitment and advanced skills. Hard tourism includes the activities like climbing mountains/rock/ice, trekking, caving etc.
Hard adventure activities are highly risked in nature. Professional guide, advance level skills are required to perform these activities. Many tourists died during climbing mountains, caving every day. There is an interesting fact that is for K2, world 2nd highest mountain, for every two people who submit one dies.
Soft adventure refers to activities with a perceived risk but low levels of risk, requiring minimal commitment and beginning skills; most of these activities are led by experienced guides. Soft tourism includes the activities like backpacking, camping, hiking, kayaking etc.
Soft adventure activities are low risk in nature. These activities are led by professional guides. Soft adventure is a popular category in adventure tourism. On average, 25% trips taken from North America and Europe are soft adventure trips.
Hard Adventure Activities
Hard adventure activities are highly risky and dangerous in nature. These activities are following as:
• Caving
• Mountain Climbing
• Rock Climbing
• Ice Climbing
• Trekking
• Sky Diving
Soft Adventure Activities
These activities are less dangerous and risk as compared to hard adventure activities. These activities are always lead by professional guides. These activities are following as:
• Backpacking
• Birdwatching
• Camping
• Canoeing
• Eco-tourism
• Fishing
• Hiking
• Horseback riding
• Hunting
• Kayaking/sea/whitewater
• Orienteering
• Safaris
• Scuba Diving
• Snorkeling
• Skiing
• Snowboarding
• Surfing
Adventure tourism activities sit well with the environment because the natural world provides us with the resources for many of the activities that provide risk, challenge, sensory stimulus, novelty, discovery and so on.
A tourism supply chain is the system of people, products, activities, and materials that get a product or service from its raw state through production and distribution to the consumer.
As with any sector, volume discounts drive the mass price point, so major retailers primarily market select trips that sell in high volume. The supply chain for these mass tourism products is often very simple, comprising only transportation and accommodation elements. The adventure tourism supply chain is more complex. Niche products often require specializes in knowledge and operations. Adventure tourism's supply chain linkages go very deep, and this is one of the key reasons that adventure tourism delivers greater benefits at the local level.
Adventure Tourism is a term which is not easily defined. Different people have different perceptions of what might constitute "adventure". For one person, "adventure" may be something as simple as camping outside in a tent, or walking through a wilderness area for an hour. For another, this would be considered passive tourism, whereas adventure would mean participating in dangerous and physically (also maybe emotionally) demanding and challenging activities, such as climbing a sheer rock face or white water rafting in dangerous waters.
Even for those tourists seeking challenging experiences, the degree of challenge desired may be quite different. Some will baulk at undertaking potentially dangerous activities like walking on a rope bridge across a deep ravine, and would find a trek through the jungle at ground level sufficiently challenging. Whilst some will find another's "adventure" decidedly unpleasant, disagreeable, foolishly reckless, traumatic or boring.
People are motivated to undertake adventure tourism activities for different reasons. Some may enjoy the anticipation of an unknown or uncertain outcome. This could be undertaking something new and unfamiliar or the presence of a perceived danger in the activity. This element of risk involved in an activity might be relished by some and feared by others.
There needs to be a degree of challenge in an activity for it to be considered adventurous. A challenging event might have an element of danger, unknown outcomes and degree of difficulty. This will attract different participants to the activity based upon their expectations and their willingness to cope with challenges.
There also needs to be a perceived reward on completion of the activity. This is usually the sense of meeting a challenge and pushing themselves beyond their usual comfort zone. This is referred to as an intrinsic reward, as it comes from within. There may also be extrinsic awards such as a trophy. An example would be gaining a place in a white-water kayaking race.
A sense of escapism is also important for an activity to be considered adventurous. This is why most adventure tourism operations occur in natural areas. In this way people can feel that they are really escaping from their normal lives. A person might experience heightened senses, an adrenalin rush or a sense of calm following the experience. Again, it is important to remember that adventure can mean different things to different people. Sailing a boat around the Greek Islands may seem adventurous to some but not to others.
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