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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONAI CARD
Vasquez Marco Angelo Mustafin Alibek
Kazakhstan, Almaty, international Information Technology University
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to unmask the new innovation of the implementation of the smart card used bythe commuters for entering and leaving the bus in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The money, which has been loaded or paid in advance, will be deducted automatically from Onai card. The paper will also show how it affects the commuters and its impact to manpower as well as totravelling itself.
Keywords: Onai card, smart card, electronic card, adaptation, innovation
Introduction:
The implementation of smart card which is known as "Onai" is a good chance to improve the transportation system of Almaty, one of the cities in Kazakhstan,as well as the lives of commuters. According to the video "Everything will be transparent, bothintheWest" where the Mayor of Almaty is
B. Baibek described the beneficial points of this smart card.
This new electronic payment system which was implemented in the said city on the 1st of January 2016 which provided a good opportunity for the promotion of Kazakhstan's transportation system to a new level was pushed through. Since innovations are prepared and accessible to meet the necessities required, electronic card framework or ticketing has not been actualized yet in the whole country. Today, majority of developing countries evolve their transport system in many ways. The impacts of electronic cards in market and industry structure, its development, and setting this on the bus, trolleybus and tram sectors faced challenges ("Transition from Public," 2007). As Finn (2011) mentioned "Regulators develop new contractual basis for bus services or amend existing ones. In Kaunas (Lithuania), as part of major restructuring of the reorganization and finances of the municipal bus and trolleybus companies, the City entered into a 10-year public service contract with the municipal company based on committed service levels and quality, subsidies, and investment program. The usage of this has recently begun in Almaty. It could add a more noteworthy effect to the financial improvement of the city and economic development of the country. In Santiago de Chile, as part of the TranSantiago Bus Rapid Transit system, a new contractual and payment system was established for the operators so that they would participate in the integration of network and tariffs" ("Urban Bus Services in Developing Countries," 2011).
Using the electronic card, Onai, it aims to facilitate the combination of modes and transferring between passengers by making the ticketing system. Passengers are obliged to buy the appropriate cards and credit it with the amount that corresponds to their cards. Once the cards are topped in the special machine on the bus it is automatically debited. This smart card includes five classifications, the first is for common users, the second one is for school students, the third one is for college or university students, the fourth one is for social workers, and last is for veterans ("onai.kz," 2016). This will lead commuters to be aware which card is appropriate for them.
Exploring positive and negative effects of this program, some articles from online magazines and newspapers and academic article were taken into consideration. These articles showed the necessary information related to the electronic cards Onai and transport system of a developing country like Kazakhstan. However, what are the challenges for bus drivers and how do people adapt to this kind of payment system?
Since there were insufficient and limited information from the articles, a survey from 20 respo
ndents including seven questions with several possible answers were conducted. An interview from bus drivers was also conducted to gather their opinion which was really crucial in this issue. In survey section, according to opinion of 20 respondents, majority of them agreed that with the implementation of this innovation in Kazakhstan helped improve the quality of bus service, paying for the trip became easier. Likewise, the two bus drivers who answeredfive questions clearly also mentioned mostly about good points of this system such as: minimizing of the waiting interval; the stress reducing of the driver and so on.
Data and Methodology:
Most of the countries such as United Kingdom, the United States of America and Germany had introduced this kind of payment system in public transport already. This kind of mode of payment in public transportation was a great breakthrough to maximize the convenience of people who commuted using bus, subway, and tram. As a result the government benefited through this kind of system which augmented its budget and use this for the development and improvement of the country. This kind of innovation had adapted by the company known as "Transport holding company of Almaty".
To gather appropriate data, the following methods were used to make accurate information needed to present the result. The first was survey questions that took five minutes and was conducted on the 29th of the February in bus terminal. Bus number 99 was chosen because it was accessible. The interview was composed of severalquestions to collect information needed to complete the necessary facts and opinion of respondents in order to make this survey credible. Survey was implemented to 20 respondents. For brackets 10-19 there were five respondents, two females and three males, for brackets 20-29 there were four respondents, four females and no males, for brackets 30-39 there were seven respondents, two females and five males and for the last brackets which were 40 and above there were four respondents, two females and two males. During the survey no one selected the regularity of using the Onaicard which fell under one to five. Most of the respondents who used Onai card chose 11 and above because majority of the commuters were workers. These 15 workers used bus to reach their destination and the rest used bus and subway. Temporarily tram had been ceased. With usefulness of the card40 per cents of these commuters agreed, 20 per cents did not agree and others took neutral part. For the school and college students five of the commuters possessed Onai card, 12 of the commuters used common Onai card and three for the veterans and one for social people.
Second was interview that took approximately 30 minutes on the same date. This part consisted of five questions which were exclusively for two bus drivers. Both of them responded that the implementation of Onai card had made improvement for payment system as well as it lessened the stress of the bus driver for collecting the payment by cash. The waiting interval had also lessened after the implementation of Onai card. During the interview the bus drivers mentioned that service quality had improved a bit because commuters did not need to approach the bus driver for the payment. Unfortunately, some of the commuters did not have Onai card that was why they punished by law
Results and Analysis:
This section aims to discuss the results and analysis of the research about the implementation of Onai card. In a progressing country like Kazakhstan, an electronic payment systemhad just a new beginning to address the needs of the commuters. Commuters used to pay in cash. During the research several questions were taken into consideration in order to accomplish the necessary data and information. Some questions such as: "What are the benefits that the bus drivers gain after the implementation of Onai card?", "Has it improved the bus's service quality?" and "How it has influenced on driver's salary?" were all answered through interview. Unfortunately, there were several questions that were not addressed due to lack of information taken from the articles. These are: "Does Onai card is useful for all commuters?", and "How often do commuters use public transportation per week?" The impact of this method of payment in the society was taken into consideration. These questions will be answered by this research and will also cater the sentiments and hopes of people specially the public commuters during the implementation of this system.
Taking information took a lot of effort. Question preparation, time management and location in order to make this research possible.
Figure one shows the ages of passengers who were surveyed. Majority of the passengers were 30 to 39 of age. Commuters with 20% were ages 20 to 29 and 40 and above. Also, the respondents were equally divided to 10 males and 10 females. Passengers from ages 30 to 39 were workers and commuters who were in the bracket of 40 and above were unemployed. While passengers' ages 20 to 29 were students and common commuters who used Onai cards.
Figure two presents the information how often commuters use public transport per week. I didn't expect that passengers used their cards more than 16 times per week but in my case I just used mine 10 times per week. However no one chose the regularity of using the Onaicard which fell under
one to five. On the other hand zero percent was not a surprise for me because some users did not want to purchase a 400 tenge card for a one time use which was more expensive than the fare.
Fig. 1. Ages of the passengers
Fig. 2. Using of public transportation per week
Figure three illustrates the types of public transport used by commuters. Since the survey was conducted with the bus passengers, most of their answers were bus and subway for question number four and 95% of the participants paid through Onai card. Tram was zero percent because it was ceased its operation due to accidents.
Figure four demonstrates that 40% of the commuters agreed with usefulness of the card, and 20% did not agree and others took neutral part as well. Based on the pie chart, it shows that most of the commuters with 40% who said "no" did not recognize its usefulness because it was a new payment system and some of them were not sure how it would be in the future. According to literature review Onai card improved service quality particularly the mode of payment.
Fig. 3. Using of public transport
Fig. 4. Usefulness of Onai card
This new system has its effects and benefits. It introduces with the help of many good reasons, for the city such as increasing tax revenues to the city budget. According to official site of Onai card, the company earns approximately 41 million tenge per day from onai cards and five percent goes to the city budget ("Onai," 2016). In my literature review it was mentioned that there were several types of cards used by commuters.
Figure five illustrates the types of cards used by majority who had common Onai card. UnlikeOyster cards for children had three categories: 16+, 11-15 and under 11 which gave travel free on Tube, DLR, London Overground, TFL Rail and most National Rail services where pay as you go is accepted ("Zip oyster photocards," 2016).
Fig. 5. Type of cards
During the interview, five questions were asked to bus drivers. Each of them answered clearly. According to their answers,Onai card has made improvement for payment system. The stress of the bus driver was lessened after its implementation. Also, the waiting interval has minimized. They mentioned that the quality of the service bus has changed dramatically for the benefits of the passengers and the bus drivers. In addition, they said that some of the commuters did not have Onaicard which caused them a problem to constantly reminding them to tap their cards. If they didn't and validator caught them they are punishable by law.
In line with this, the payment strategies like Onai card will be useful for developing countries like Kazakhstan because the standard procedures for implementing this payment system are followed.Only 20 respondents wereaskedoutof 27, it is clear that this research project wasusefulforansweringthequestion "How do people adjust in the implementation of Onai card?" because with the help of opinion of drivers and passengers familiarity with some improvements of implementing this system were seen, such as: the stress reducing ofthe driver; minimizing of the waiting interval; improvements of the service quality, considering its convenience to users is strong though it cannot be easily quantified and so on ("Evolution of E-payments," 2009). Most of respondents were emotional when they were expressing their thoughts and opinions as well as the bus drivers. For instance, increasing tax revenues to the city budget, improvements of the management of flows of public transport, fighting against corruption were noticed in some articles as benefits. However, the drawback of this new system is to allow to pay by cash to the conductor or to the driver. According to Finn, in countries of South America and Asia were implemented high quality passenger transport modes whichwascalled Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and this system is being implemented also in the Middle East and Africa. There were challenges such as: changes in operation system and changes in the regulation and market structure as well, but they cope with this new innovation ("Urban Bus Services in Developing Countries," 2011).
Conclusion:
A developing country like Kazakhstan, took its major step in order to implement a new payment system which is known as Onai card. Implementation of Onai card took several factors such as its benefits, cost of this system, standard and drawbacks. Implementing this system was difficult because people have not got to adapt this innovation and this was a real challenge for them.
REFERENCES
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Appendix A: Survey Questions
1. How old are you?
a) 10-19 c) 30-39
b) 20-29_d) 40 and above_
2. What is your gender?
a) Female_b) Male_
3. How often do you use public transportation per week?
a) 1-5 c) 11-15
b) 6-10_d) 16 and above_
4. What kind of public transport do you use?
a) Bus c) Subway
b) Tram_d) Bus and Subway_
5. How do you pay for your transportation?
a) Onai_b) cash_
6. Do you agree that Onai card is useful for commuters?
a) Yes, agree_b) No, don't agree_c) Neutral_
7. What type of Onai card do you have?
a) Common d) For school students
b) For college students e) For veterans
c) For social people_
Appendix B: Interview
Questions for bus drivers
1. What are the benefits that you gain after the implementation of Onai card?
2. How the implementation of Onai card has affected the bus's operation?
3. Has it improved the bus's service quality?
4. Do all commuters have Onai card? What will happen if they don't have?
5. How it has influenced on driver's salary?
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОВОДИМОЙ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
1Неъматов Ж. А. 2Исмаилова Тажиназира Саидаминовна
Узбекистан, г. Ташкент, Ташкентскй филиал РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова 1 профессор кафедры «Экономика труда и управление» ст. преп. кафедры «Экономика труда и управление»
Важнейшим инструментом динамичного и сбалансированного экономического роста, осуществления глубоких структурных преобразований и диверсификации экономики является проведение активной, адресной инвестиционной политики [3].Узбекистан обладает огромным