CC BY
4
UDC 316.776.33
Damirova P.R.
1 course
faculty of "informatics and information technology " Technologies
Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russian Federation
THE IMPACT OF IT DEVELOPMENT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC
INDICATORS
Abstract: the article deals with the topic of it development and how they affect socio-economic indicators. Such definitions as what is the knowledge economy are considered, the methodology of knowledge assessment - the methodology of knowledge assessment (Kam) is considered. It also reveals How the development of information technologies translates the post - industrial society into a new qualitative state-the information society. The technique of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development of the main spheres of life of modern society is considered.
Keywords: knowledge assessment methodology, information and communication technologies, socio-economic indicators, knowledge economy, knowledge and knowledge economy indices, information infrastructure, etc.
The development and widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is a global trend of scientific and technological progress in recent decades, which has led to the significant changes in many areas of human activity, such as education, employment, health, economy, etc. the use of ICT is crucial to improve the competitiveness of the economy, expanding its integration into the global economic system, improving the efficiency of public administration and local self-government.
The development of information technologies translates the post - industrial society into a new qualitative state-the information society.
Since the beginning of the XXI century the term "knowledge economy" has become a key term in the programs of strategic development of China, the European Union, the USA and other world economic leaders, replacing the term "innovative development". Knowledge in our time has become a market product, there was a world market of knowledge. The state has two new functions-stimulation of production, accumulation and use of knowledge within the country and regulation of interaction with the world market of knowledge. Knowledge economy-an economy where the main factors of development are knowledge and human capital.
There is a methodology to evaluate knowledge (KnowledgeAssessmentMethodology, KAM), developed in the framework of the world Bank "Knowledge for development" (KnowledgeforDevelopmentProgram, K4D). Index of knowledge economy (KnowledgeEconomyIndex, KEI) is part of this methodology. KEI, as well as THE entire Kam methodology, is based on the
knowledge economy model (Knowledgeeconomodel, KE), which consists of four main elements (Fig. 1):
- the number of those-lefonsperlOOO people.
- the number of whom-computers perlOOO
people.; -the numberof AK-tive use-in the Internetfor 1000 people.
Fig. 1. Indices of the knowledge and knowledge economy.
Economic incentives and an institutional system to ensure the effective use of existing and new knowledge, the mobilization and allocation of resources, and the development of entrepreneurship.
Educated and skilled workers who continuously improve their skills and adapt to the effective creation and use of new knowledge.
Modern information infrastructure ensuring effective transmission, dissemination and processing of information.
An innovative system consisting of firms, research and scientific centers, institutes, consulting companies and other organizations that are at the center of the information revolution and are able to take advantage of the growing potential of knowledge and adapt it to modern needs.
The transformative role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development of the main spheres of modern society and the economic importance of the ICT sector have made the production and use of information and communication technologies a priority area of public policy for the majority of developed and many developing countries in the last decade. In this regard, today all over the world there is an active development of systems of information and analytical support of state policy in this area, a new branch of socio-economic statistics-statistics of the information society.
It is necessary to divide the method into 3 blocks.
1. Indicators of access to telecommunications networks, information and information pecypcam.
2. Indicators of' e-development " (using ICT).
3. Parameters for evaluation of human capital, business climate and government regulation.
It is possible to formulate General requirements for systems of indicators and indices measuring various aspects of ICT implementation and the degree of development of information society technologies:
- the main requirement for the system of indicators is the need for integrated consideration of the maximum number of factors and conditions on which the formation of the information society depends;
- indicators should be transparent and accessible for calculation or evaluation.
- it is necessary to ensure maximum compatibility and comparability of indicators for different measurement conditions, as well as for the application of these indicators in different countries.
It is believed that the system of indicators should be invariant with respect to the estimated objects and the conditions of these assessments. Only the joint implementation of both of these requirements allows us to create a system of indicators that can be used internationally and will provide specialists with quantitative characteristics of the information society, which, in turn, will objectively assess and compare the current state of any country in the world, from the most developed to the most backward.
Indicators of scientific and technical development
What indicators can be used to evaluate and compare the development of scientific and technical nporpecca in different countries? To illustrate the country's current place in the global science and technology space, two sets of indicators can be used: science intensity (input parameters) and science productivity (output parameters, i.e. efficiency and competitiveness).
Cpegu indicators of science intensity are the following:
- the share of R & d expenditure in GDP;
- the number of researchers is absolute ;
- in the specific number of researchers in the country.
To the resultant newcottage are the parameters:
- GDP per employee in the national economy;
- competitiveness of the national economy;
- the share of high-tech exports in the total merchandise exports of the country.
It should be noted that many countries, including the former Soviet Union, have invested heavily in building their scientific and technological capabilities, but have not received significant economic returns from these investments. The reason for this is the fact that scientific-technical knowledge have the greatest benefit in the case when they are used as part of an integrated system of social institutions, agencies and processes, known under the name of "national innovation system".
This system consists of the following main elements:
- institutions in the system of education and vocational training, within the walls of which knowledge is created;
- appropriate macroeconomic and regulatory framework, including trade policy measures affecting technology promotion;
- innovative enterprises and enterprise networks;
- INFORMACIONNO communications infrastructure is adequate;
- other factors, such as access to global sources of knowledge and certain market conditions conducive to innovation.
Much of the current data on science and technology in the obtained measurements result, performed by the sector of research and development (R & d) (sector of research and development and work-R & d). The close link between scientific and technological activities and ICT development has been established by many international organizations. They assess this link as an important part of the development process. In this context, the UN Commission on science and technology for development (Commission of the United Nations on science and technology for development — CITROEN) has developed indicators structure reflecting the development of the technology, including aspects of ICT play a leading role.
References:
1. Khurshida Falcone, "the impact of it development on socio-economic indicators" / / https://pandia.ru/text/78/605/36266.php.
2. The world Bank's "Knowledge for development": the index of knowledge economy and the knowledge index / https://helpiks.org/8-58471.html.
3. Economic dictionary // http://abc.informbureau.com/html/ eaieoaeecaoess.html.
4. Potential of the Russian innovations in the market of systems of automation and a robotics. Expert and analytical report. Moscow. 2014 / https:////www . rusventure. ru/ru/programm/analytics/docs/Otchet_robot.
