The history of the creation and development of the Ural State Mining University in the in the interpritation of Soviet and Russian historiography Текст научной статьи по специальности «История и археология»

История горного дела

The history of the creation and development of the Ural state mining university in the in the interpritation of Soviet and Russian historiography

Евгений Иванович КИСЕЛЕВ* Evgeniy Ivanovich KISELEV*

*joan-black@yandex.ru *joan-black@yandex.ru

Уральский государственный горный университет, Ural State Mining University

Екатеринбург, Россия Ekaterinburg, Russia

История создания и развития Уральского государственного горного университета в интерпретации советской и российской историографии

История Уральского государственного горного университета в Екатеринбурге поистине славна и трагична. Этот университет стал первым высшим учебным заведением, основанным на Урале. Это послевузовское учебное заведение было основано в 1914 г. по закону, обнародованному императором Николаем II: "Учредить Горный институт в городе Екатеринбурге и определить этот институт как высшее учебное заведение". Однако он смог начать занятия только в октябре 1917 г. Среди причин такой задержки были трагические события в истории России, а именно Первая мировая война (1914-1918), Февральская революция, произошедшая 27 февраля - 1 марта 1917 г. (12 марта 1917 г. - 14 марта 1917 г. по новому стилю), свергнувшая абсолютную монархию, Октябрьская революция 25-26 октября (7-8 ноября (по новому стилю) 1917 г.), арест, ссылка и расстрел царской семьи 17 июля 1918 г. и, наконец, Гражданская война 1917-1922 гг. Эти события значительно подорвали экономику и политическую стабильность страны в целом. Система образования, конечно, не могла избежать этого подавляющего экономического кризиса, который имел место в начале XX в. Литература по истории Уральского государственного горного университета обширна. Под "историографией проблемы" понимается совокупность монографий и научных статей, охватывающих ту или иную тему. Книга или статья по истории может считаться историографией, если она написана чисто научным языком. Она также должна иметь список ссылок. Работа по историографии также предполагает предоставление кратких сведений об авторах рассматриваемых исторических произведений. Разница между конкретно-историческим исследованием и историографическим исследованием состоит в том, что первое анализирует исторические события, судьбы исторических личностей и т. д. Историографическое исследование предполагает анализ работ, написанных историками на определенную тему. Например, когда мы говорим "советская историография Второй мировой войны", мы имеем в виду все научные монографии или статьи, написанные советскими историками о Второй мировой войне. Когда мы говорим "американская историография Русско-Японской войны", мы имеем в виду все научные труды, написанные американскими историками о Русско-Японской войне. При проведении конкретно-исторических исследований предполагается использование историком архивных документов, вещественных источников и т. д. Историографы не пользуются архивами. Они используют труды историков в качестве первоисточников своих монографий и статей. Настоящее исследование содержит анализ двадцати сугубо научных работ (пятнадцать статей и пять монографий), написанных исследователями как с Урала, так и из других регионов России и посвященных истории Уральского государственного горного университета. Причина, по которой эти работы были отобраны из всего количества книг и статей по истории Уральского государственного горного университета, заключается в том, что эти статьи и монографии можно считать чисто научными. Базу источников нашего исследования составляют труды историков советского и постсоветского периода. Актуальность нашей проблемы обусловлена тем, что интерес к Уральскому государственному горному университету в настоящее время растет. Все больше и больше студентов из разных стран мира приезжают сюда учиться или повышать свои навыки. В связи с этим история университета также актуальна. Целью нашей статьи является изложение информации о научных трудах советских и постсоветских исследователей по истории университета.

Ключевые слова: Уральский государственный горный университет, Петр фон Веймарн, революция, Гражданская война, эвакуация, белоэмигранты, историография, анализ, переименование, история.

The history of the Ural State Mining University in Ekaterinburg is indeed glorious as well as tragic. This university was made to become the very first higher educational institution founded in the Urals. This postsecondary institution of higher education was founded in 1914 by the law promulgated by Emperor Nicholas II: "Establish a mining institute in the city of Ekaterinburg and define this institute as a higher educational institution". However, it was only able to start classes in October 1917. Among the reasons of such a delay were the tragic events in the history of Russia, namely the World War I (1914-1918), the February Revolution which took place on February 23rd - March 3rd 1917 (March 8th,1917 - March 16th,1917 New Style), which overthrew absolute monarchy, the October Revolution of October 25th - October 26th (November 7th -November 8th (New Style) 1917), the arrest, exile and execution of the tsar family on July 17th, 1918 and the Civil War of 1917-1922. These events considerably undermined the economy and political stability of the whole country. The system of education of course could not have escaped this overwhelming economic dislocation, which took place in the beginning of the twentieth century. The literature on the history of the Ural State Mining University is voluminous. "Historiography of the problem" connotes the body of the monographs and scientific articles which cover a particular subject. A book or an article on history can be considered a piece of historiography if it is written in a purely scientific language. It also must have a list of references. A work of historiography must also provide concise pieces of information about the authors of historical works considered. The difference between a concrete historical research and a historiographical research is that the first analyzes the historical events, lives of historical figures, etc. A research in historiography deals with analyzing the works written by historians on a particular subject. While conducting a concrete historical research, a historian is supposed to use archival documents, real historical sources, etc. Historiographers do not use archives. Rather, they use the works of the historians as primary sources of their monographs and articles. The present study contains the analysis of the twenty purely scientific works (fifteen articles and five monographs) written by researchers from the Urals, as well as from other parts of Russia which are dedicated to the history of the Ural State Mining University. The reason that these works were selected from the whole quantity of books and articles on the history of the Ural State Mining University is because these articles and monographs can be considered purely scientific. The works of the historians of the Soviet and post-Soviet period comprise the source base of our research.This matter is topical because of increasing interest in the University. More and more students from different countries of the world come here to study or to advance their skills. In this connection, the history of the University is also relevant.The purpose of our article is to expound the information about the scientific works of the Soviet and post-Soviet researchers on the history of the University.

Keywords: The Ural State Mining University, Petr von Weimarn, revolution, Civil War, evacuation, White-Guard émigrés, historiography, analysis, renaming, history.

The present study is dedicated to the detailed analysis of The literature on the history of the Ural State Mining Uni-

the works written by professional and amateur histori- versity is voluminous. Unfortunately, many of the works were ans about the Ural State Mining University during the written in a not strictly scientific style, many books and articles period of 1919-2019. We will consider the scientific works of the about the University are simply popular science or they some-Soviet as well as post-Soviet researchers. We adduce a list of the Uni- times have a stylistic propensity for fiction. Nevertheless, the versity's names and statuses it obtained in the course of its history. present work contains a considerable amount of purely scientific

Основные вехи развития Уральского государственного горного университета

July 3rd, 1914 (July 16th, 1914 New Style) -The Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg was formed by the Law of the Council of State and the State Duma. This Law was ratified by the Emperor Nicholas II (The collection of legalizations and orders of the Government no. 180 of July 18th, 1914, article 2019).

January 27th, 1917 - was renamed as The Ural Mining Institute of the Emperor Nicholas II (Collection of Laws and Regulations of the Government, issued under the Governing Senate no. 28).

October 19th, 1920 - became a Mining Institute, later a Department of the Ural State University (Vladimir Lenin issued a Decree no. 455 "On the establishment of the Ural State University").

May 9th, 1925 - The Ural State University was reorganized as The Ural Polytechnic Institute, The Mining Department became part of The Ural Polytechnic Institute (The resolution of the Council of people's Commissars).

September 1930 - restored as The Ural Mining Institute of Coal Fossils and Rock Products.

June 5th, 1932 - The Ural Mining Institute of Coal Fossils and Rock Products was united with The Ural Geological Survey Institute.

December 16th, 1934 - was renamed as The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute (Order of the Main Depart-

ment of educational institutions of the People's Commissariat of heavy industry of the USSR no. 26/644).

January 13th, 1947 - The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute was named after V. V. Vakhrushev (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR no. 52).

May 12th, 1969 - was renamed as The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute called in the Name of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and named after V. V. Vakhrushev (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR).

July 10th, 1991 - was renamed as The Ural Mining Institute called in the Name of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor named after V. V. Vakhrushev (Order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR no. 736-R).

July 22nd, 1991 - was renamed as The Ural Mining Institute called in the Name of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor named after V. V. Vakhrushev (Order of the USSR State Committee for public education no. 346).

1992 - was renamed as The Ural Mining Institute.

October 28th, 1993 - was renamed as The Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology (Order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on higher education no. 298).

October 5th, 2004 - got its modern name of The Ural State Mining University (Order of the Federal Agency for education no. 156).

works written by researchers from the Urals as well as from other parts of modern Russia.

The Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg was founded at the beginning of the 20th century, right before the period of great changes in the history of Russia. The earliest work available was an article called "The Description of the Scientific Work of P. P. Weimarn" written by Associate Professor Alexander Janek and published in May 1919 in "Molodaya Rus'. A collection of literary, journalistic and scientific works".

The sole reason why we have listed these quotations from the article by A. Janek and provided some commentaries on them, is because we have a strong belief that this information will present the scientific achievements of the man, who headed The Mining Institute during the hard times of the history. Regardless of the problems of the wartime, evacuation, etc., which the rector had faced, the brainchild of the Professor Petr von Weimarn has survived many upheavals during more than one hundred years and is still successfully developing.

Aleksandr Janek rates the scientific activity of Petr von Weimarn very high. Janek wrote: "It only happens in rare instances, when the birth of some scientific discipline is marked by the appearance of one pivotal figure on the horizon of the human thought evolution. This pivotal figure seizes scientific information, which is deprived of the seeming scientific connections. This information of the earlier generations of scholars forms the newlyoriginated theoretical base. The presence of this base is the necessary condition for the existence of this discipline as a single whole along with all its multiple branches" [1]. Aleksandr Janek calls Petr von Weimarn "a pivotal figure" of the new scientific discipline of dispersoidology, he emphasizes the fact, that this is a rare phenomenon. Later in his article, the author briefly described the main problems of colloid chemistry, which were the primary concern of the Mining Institute's in Ekaterinburg first rector. In the final part of his work, Janek wrote: "There is no opportunity to touch upon the essence and meaning these works (the works by Peter von Wei-

marn - author's note) somehow exhaustively" [2]. The footnote to this statement says: "A famous Austrian specialist in mineralogy Feliks Kornu, emphasized the meaning of the mineralog-ical works by Petr Petrovich Weimarn (origin of minerals) and called one of the recently found colloidal minerals "Weimarni-te" in his honor" [2].

An article named "The Mining Department of the Ural State University" was written by Aleksandr Smirnov. This article was published in the № 2 of the "The Mining Journal", published by the Mining Department of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy of the USSR in February 1924.

Aleksandr Smirnov "was born in the family of a clergyman. He is an expert in the field of the underground mining of coal deposits and ore deposits. Doctor of Technical Sciences (1944), Professor (1927). The topic of his Doctoral thesis was "The Productivity of the coal mines in the areas with limited reserves of fossil (1944)" [3].

This work is divided into several paragraphs. The very first paragraph of this article is devoted to the history of the Mining Department of the Ural State University. Such was the status of the Ural State Mining University at that time. The author emphasized the negative effect on the educational process caused by the frequent changes of power in the Urals during the Civil War in Russia. According to the author, "Although the academic year had started smoothly, but it was totally out of the question to carry out any regular and systematic classes under tense social and political conditions, which had existed then. In relation to studying, this first year of the Institute's functioning could hardly have been considered fruitful. The twice repeated change of power in the Urals happened afterwards and caused the twice repeated evacuation (partly voluntary and partly coercive). These events had upset the Institute, which had not yet gotten firmly established.

In the summer 1918 Ekaterinburg was occupied by the Siberian Temporary Government. Although the fall term had been declared for classes, the latter were in difficult straits.

The Institute always terribly lacked money. In the spring of 1919 the mobilization of students was declared. As a result, the Institute was deprived of more than a half of its students" [4].

It was already in 1967 when the book called "50 years of The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute named after V. V. Vakhru-shev, the Ural's First Higher Technical Education Institution (1917-1967)" was published in Moscow. The authors of this book included famous scientists, who had been working at the Institute during that period of time, for example Professors G. N. Vertushkov, D. N. Ogloblin, A. Ye. Trop, A. Ya. Yarosh, G. P. Sakovtsev and others.

The book starts with an introductory message called "50 years of The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute". This introduction gives a concise digression to the history of the mining engineering in the Urals. In particular, it concisely describes the very beginning of the process. "The mining operations in the Urals has been developing since the times of Peter I, when the development of deposits of many ores and gems was started" [5].

When the authors describe how the Civil War had influenced the Institute, they write, "The units of the Red Army came closer to Ekaterinburg, and it was on July 14th, 1919 that Weimarn, the rector of the Institute, and his supporters with the retreating White forces evacuated to the East, having seized a portion of the Mining Institute's property"[6].

"On July 15th, 1919 Ekaterinburg was freed by the Red Army units. The regional Soviet and the Communist Party organizations had shown special concern about the Mining Institute since the early days after the liberation of the city. They also helped the Institute a lot" [7].

Later on, the authors are consideringthe development of the Institute during the period after the Civil War. Special emphasis is given to the personalities of the professors who took key positions in the Ural Mining Institute. Several paragraphsare dedicated to the period of the Great Patriotic War (19411945). The names of some students and scientific workers of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute who participated in this war, are listed. Those, who stayed at the Institute, were working in the rear organizations. "During the sharp frosts of the Ural winter of 1941/42 the students and members of the staff of the institute together with the builders were constructing the biggest workshop of the factory. They did not pay attention to the time nor to the difficulties. Others were selflessly taking the crops in the kolkhozes and sovkhozes of the oblast from dawn to dusk" [8].

One of the events of the post-war period was the organization of Higher engineering courses. "In order to provide the coal-mining industry with engineers and technicians and in order to improve the quality of teaching, the Higher engineering courses were launched" [9]. The book is supplied with photographs, which includes pictures of the buildings of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. It also contains black and white pictures of the Institute professors individually and all together.

Valentina Maslennikova, was one of the most famous historians who was interested in the history of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. She was born on December 20th, 1915. In 1940 she graduated from The Sverdlovsk Communist Institute of Journalism and was a staff member of "Primorskiy komsomolets", a newspaper published in Vladivostok. She was a head of the school department in the editorial board of this newspaper. In 1942 Valentina Maslennikova was drafted for military service and was serving in the political department of a division. Having been demobilized in 1944, she became an instructor of the propaganda Department in the District house of officers of the Ural Military District. When she had completed her postgraduate studies under the sub-department of Marxism-Leninism

Рисунок 1. Горный факультет Уральского политехнического института

at the Ural State University, she began to work as an assistant lecturer in the Agricultural Institute. In May 1950 Valentina Maslennikova began to work in the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute, she had worked there until 1989. Her positions included assistant lecturer at the Sub-department of history of the CPSU, head of the Institute museum, and editor of "Gornyak", a newspaper of the Institute.

We will now consider her article called "Addressing the History ofthe Sverdlovsk Mining Institute" (Part 1. 1914-1930). This article contains quotations from archive documents of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region, the Communist Party Archive (now called Documentation center of public organizations of the Sverdlovsk Oblast'), newspapers, such as "Ural'skiy rabochiy" and "Student-rabochiy", works by Vladimir Lenin, resolutions of congresses, conferences and plenary sessions of the CPSU, memoirs, etc.

The author begins considering this issue as early as the 18th century. "The birth and development of the Ural's mining industry relates to the first quarter of the 18th century. The problem of the availability of experts arose at that time" [10]. The researcher briefly presents the history of the early days of the Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg: "The law provided for theorganization of the Institute worth 2 million 942 thousand rubles. The teaching staff consisted of 19 professors in ordinary and professors extraordinary, 15 teachers on the staff, 6 lectors, 19 laboratory assistants etc. The Building Commission was created, the architect Bernadazzi became its member. Thus the first institution of higher technical education was launched in the Urals" [11].

When Valentina Maslennikova considers the history of the Ural Mining Institute during the times of the Civil War, the author refers to a Bolshevik newspaper, which accused the governing body of the Institute: "Izvestia" of workers' and soldiers' delegates published an article, where the Institute council was accused of counterrevolution. However, there was no unity inside the council. During one of its meeting they put a question of confidence in Weimarn. However, most of the members of the council supported the confidence, and he remained in his office of a rector" [12].

Later in her article, Valentina Maslennikova pays attention to the creation of the Communist Party cells in the Institute. For instance, "In July 1919, when the supporters of Kolchak were driven out of the city, some of the members of the old circle returned. When the Communist Party cell was created, they joined it and were confirmed as members of the Russian

Communist Party (Bolsheviks). When the cell was created, this was the beginning of the struggle for the proletarianization of the Soviet higher school and for the ideological reconstruction of the Institute's functioning" [13].

When the author speaks about a geological exploration department, she mentions, "Teaching social sciences has also been stabilized. The number of disciplines decreased, and more attention was paid on studying Marxist-Leninist theory. A course of Leninism was introduced. In 1926, the cycle of social Sciences included Political Economy, Historical Materialism, Leninism and Economic Policy" [14].

The final part of "Addressing the History of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute" (Part 1. 1914-1930) is dedicated to the scientific activity at the Mining Institute. The main idea was to connect the theoretical scientific research with the production process, because "in the old school, the science existed on its own, and was not connected with the manufacturing process" [15]. The author tells about the Institute professors, such as Petr Sobolevs-kiy, Konstantin Matveev, Alexey Shubnikov, Aleksandr Gapeev, Pavel Preobrazhenskiy and many others. According to Valentina Maslennikova, these professors had made a rich contribution to science as well as to production.

Petr Sobolevskiy "...was into surveying research, magne-tometry and survey" [16]. He ".generously shared his knowledge not only with his students, but also with production workers. On his initiative, the qualification courses for production workers were held on a regular basis" [17]. Under the guidance of professor Aleksandr Gapeev the map of the minerals of the Urals was charted. Boris Romanov, the professor of the Mining Institute, had charted the first geological map of the Urals. "It became an important and valuable manual for the development of the prospecting work" [18]. Pavel Preobrazhenskiy was also one of the key figures in the scientific process of that time. "In 1925 P. I. Preobrazhenskiy first discovered oil on the Chusovaya River" [19]. Using many previously unpublished archive documents as well as periodical press is a very important characteristic of this concrete historical work.

At the end of the 20th century the views on history have changed drastically. For example, the historical science underwent dramatic changes in methodology, the Communist ideology no longer prevailed in articles and monographs, the pluralism of opinions was introduced. The topics which were earlier concealed from the readers, became available to the scientific community as well as to the readership. The previously unavailable archive documents as well as works written by historians, political scientists, economists, philosophers and sociologists from other countries, books and articles by the pre-revolutionary scientists became the property of researchers.They also became the common property of the wide readership in general. The content of the documentswas also explained from the new viewpoints. For example, such topics as the history of the White movement, in particular, the Cossacks, and their role in the Civil War in Russia, the historical destinies of the Russian White-Guard émigrés became open for scientific discussions.The history of the church, religions, religious traditions, spirituality, faith and piousness etc. has acquired a totally newinterpretation. The ideology of the scientific atheism was no more prevailing. The works of the church historians from among the clergymen of different faiths were also openly published. Even the Great October Socialist revolution, its historical prerequisites, reasons and itsrolein history were reappraised from totally new points of view.

On this new ideological background, the history of the Ural State Mining University has also been reappraised. The previously forgotten first rector of the Mining Institute in Ekat-

erinburg Petr von Weimarn, who was a White-Guard émigré began to be talked about.

We must say, that the process of "rebuilding" the historical science was spontaneous, however, it took some time too. During the first stage of "the perestroika" the historians and other experts in social sciences had a tendency to stay loyal to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism in their research works. Namely, they continued to quote the classics of Marxism-Leninism. The formative point of view was still prevailing.

So, we will now analyze the works by the Russian historians. Among those who dedicated their thoughts and time to the history of the Ural State Mining University were the geo-physicist Vladimir Filatov, historians Natal'ya Khisamutdino-va and Lyudmila Dashkevich, alumnus of the Department of Philosophy, editor and publisher Aleksandr Shorin and some others of whom we will talk later.

Vladimir Victorovich Filatov "was born on September 10th, 1947 in the Surskoye settlement of the Ulyanovsk Oblast' into a family of a white-collar worker. He is an expert in the field of the exploration geophysics . Graduated from The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute called in the Name of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and named after V. V. Vakhrushev in 1977. His specialization was called "Geophysical methods of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits". His works are dedicated primarily to the development of the theory of interpreting magnetic fields of strong-magnetic objects and methods of high-accuracy aerial magnetometer survey.." [3].

Since 2011 Vladimir Filatov has been working as a professor and Head of the sub-department of strength of materials in the Vladimir State University named after Aleksandr and Nikolay Stoletovs. He has trained 7 Candidates of Sciences and published 275 works: 11 monographs on different problems of geophysics and 15 monographs on the history of mining in the Urals. Two of the monographs were rewarded with the Oni-sim Cler Prize, the two other monographs got the First degree diplomas of the International competition called Interclover (2015, 2018). Also, Vladimir Filatov has written many articles on the history of the Ural State Mining University, which we will consider later in this article.

One of the fundamental works written by Vladimir Filatov is the biographical reference book called "Professors of The Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology" and later "Professors of The Ural State Mining University" published in 1997, 2002, 2004 and in 2009. Each of these books gives biographical information about the people which had already acquired the professorship by the time when the edition was published. The book contains information about the professors who have ever worked at The Ural State Mining University, many of them had already passed away by the time the book was published. It also informs about topics of the Ph.D. thesis as well as doctoral thesis of almost every professor. In addition to this, it briefly describes the field of research of every single scientist, tells about the awards they received, etc.

Another book called "The Temple of the Miners. Saint Nicholas Church of the Ural State Mining University" edited by V. I. Karpovich and Professor V. V. Filatov was published in Ekaterinburg in 2010. The text of the book is preceded by "A Word from an Archpastor" by Vincent, who was an Archbishop of Ekaterinburg and Verkhotur'ye at that time. "A Word from the Rector" comes next. This is the message from Professor N. P. Kosarev, a rector of the Ural State Mining University in 2010.

This book briefly tells about the orphanage of the merchant Nurov. Vladimir Filatov quotes a document from the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk region: "This orphanage was opened

on April 27th, 1857 in a semi-stone house, which stood on the northeast corner of the Siberian Avenue and Tikhvinskaya Street. Originally, it was small, there were no bedrooms there, and children, there were 30 of them, could visit it in the afternoon only. In 1865 the Ekaterinburg municipal society desired to keep 20 guests in the orphanage, named after the Emperor, on its own expense. It also pledged itself to allocate 400 rubles a year from the city budget for this" [20]. Professor Filatov again quotes the same archive document and writes that ten years later "the house Church in the name of St. Nicholas of Myra was built "by the support" of M. A. Nurov. The church service began on February 3rd, 1877" [21]. Later on the author describes the history of this temple along with the history of the orphanage in detail. The book ends with the year 1920, already after the October revolution,when "it was called "The House of Freedom". Thus ended its history" [22].

Vladimir Filatov is also an author of the articles dedicated to the history of the Ural State Mining University. One of them is called "About "The News of the Ural Mining Institute". In this scientific release the Professor talks mainly about the succession between the first issue of "The News of the Ural Mining Institute" which came out in 1918 and "The News of the Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology" (such was obviously the name of the Journal at the time the author is reasoning about). Vladimir Filatov described in detail the situation around the supposed succession between the two scientific journals. He reminds his contemporaries about the fact, that the Ekaterinburg version of this journal was published in 1920. "The members of the Ural Mining Institute staff, who remained in Ekaterinburg, also decided to publish "The News of the Ural Mining Institute". However, they did not possess a very high-level editorial and publishing culture as well as the experience of Weimarn" [23]. Among the sources the author while writing this article were the archival collections of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk region, memoirs, and other sources as well.

Another article of Professor Vladimir Filatov is called "From the Sub-department of Geophysics to the Department of Geophysics". It was published in the issue 3 (51) of the "News of the Ural State Mining University" in 2018. In this work, Vladimir Filatov briefly tells about the life of a separate department, in the beginning he especially emphasizes the role of Petr Sobolevskiy, the founder of the new research and educational geophysical school. The author values highly the work of Petr Sobolevskiy and of the scientists he had raised. However, "among the followers of Petr Konstantinovich (Sobolevskiy - E. K.) there have never been any pronounced theorists and thinkers. Like their teacher, they were superb methodologists, but their world outlook was not notable for his breadth and profundity" [24]. Later in his article, Vladimir Filatov briefly tells about the times of the Great Patriotic War, when the scientific and research work was especially difficult and tense. After the war "the Department of Geophysics was formed in the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute" [25]. On September 9th, 1951 "the two new departments, the Department of Geophysics and the Department of Oil Industry" have been allocated from "the Department of Geological Survey and the Mining and Mechanical Department" [26].

One more article of Vladimir Filatov called "The Sub-department of Geophysics and its Variations", was published in № 1 (53) of the News of the Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, 2019. The author briefly tells about the scientific destinies of the professors who had worked at this department. For instance, Vladimir Filatov describes the period of 1953-1955 in the history of the Department through telling about the staff members. Later on, the author of the article tells about

the subsequent activities of the professors as well as general historical destiny of the sub-department. Some information is given about Gleb Sakovtsev, who "headed the Ore Geophysics Sub-department from 1957 to 1985" [27]. Vladimir Filatov briefly tells about his childhood, early days, his parents and ancestors. A brief biography of Anatoly Kozyrin, a professor of the aforementioned sub-department, is also given in this article. The author calls Anatoliy Kozyrin a "legendary" person. Kozyrin graduated from school with high honors. Having entered the Ural State University, he was a successful student, however, when he was a sophomore, he took a great interest in flying. He recalled that while being a sophomore, he "had graduated from the courses of observer pilots, having gotten a "good" grade in theory and flying. Moreover, I obtained a second rank of a paratrooper" [28]. When the Great Patriotic War began, Anatoliy Kozyrin was drafted to the army in September 1941. He briefly told about his military service in his autobiography, which is also quoted by Vladimir Filatov in his article. When Anatoliy Kozyrin was fifty, he obtained a Doctor's degree. He has founded "a new scientific concept in exploration geophysics, which Anatoliy Konstantinovich (Kozyrin - E. K.) called borehole geophysics" [29].

In the end of his article, the author briefly summarizes the work of this sub-department. He states that many experts from different countries had acquired their qualifications there. He also says that many honored workers, laureates of different government awards of the USSR had been students of the Department of Geophysics. Some of the alumni of this Department founded their own sub-departments and research schools.

A Professor of History from Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service Natal'ya Khisamutdinova is also one of the scientists highly interested in the history of the first post-secondary educational institution foundedin the Urals.

Natal'ya Vladimirovna Khisamutdinova was born in 1950 in Bogorodskoye-on-Amur, which is in Khabarovski Krai. She graduated from the Far Eastern State University in 1972, her specialization was in Philology and ESL Teaching. She dedicated twenty-five years to working in journalism. She was a staff member of the Committee on television and radio in Primorski Krai. Now Natal'ya Khisamutdinova is a Professor of the Sub-department of Intercultural Communication and Translation Studies of Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service. Doctor of Historical Sciences (2011, the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia). Her scientific interests include history of higher education and science primarily in the Russian Far East. Thanks to the immigrants from among scientists, teachers and engineers the scientific knowledge was highly developed in the Asian-Pacific region. The latter circumstance contributed to the field of interests in intercultural relations of the Far East of Russia and countries of the Asian-Pacific region.

One of the books by Natal'ya Khisamutdinova is called "Far Eastern Professors: The Four Portraits on the Background of the Era. P. P. von Weimarn, A. P. Georgievskiy, M. K. Eliashevich and B. P. Pentegov". This book was published in Vladivostok in 2011.

"A Mission of a Chemist in Vladivostok and Japan" tells about Petr von Weimarn. The researcher provided some of the grades from the Petr von Weimarn's high school diploma from the Alexander military school: "Almost all disciplines have high grades: Geography - 10, Physics - 10, History - 10, Natural history - 10, Jurisprudence - 11, Literature - 12, Religion - 12. It is a bit surprising, that a young man with German roots got only 7 grades in German, as well as in French. He did not like Mathematics either. He had 7 grades in Algebra, 8 grades in Analytical geometry and 9 grades in Arithmetic" [30].

A paragraph called "Founding the Ural Mining Institute" briefly tells about the activity of Peter von Weimarn as a rector of the aforementioned Institute. "In the spring of 1915, P. P. Weimarn received an offer from the Ministry of Trade and Industry to become a rector of the Mining Institute, which was supposed to be built in Ekaterinburg" [31].

Professor Natal'ya Khisamutdinova briefly but comprehensively narrates about the evacuation of the part of the Mining Institute to Vladivostok. The researcher lists the names of the professors who decided to leave.

When Petr von Weimarn reasoned about publishing scientific articles in foreign languages, he thought it was a good idea to publish articles in English or in German. Thus the achievements of researchers from Russia would become known to many scholars from around the world, he believed. When Petr von Weimarn talked about English and German in particular, he referred to the experience of Japanese scientific journals which published articles in the aforementioned European languages.

Peter von Weimarn was the editor of "The News of the Ural Mining Institute" published in Vladivostok. Both the rector of the Institute and his colleagues experienced great difficulties caused by the wartime. "Nevertheless, regardless of all problems, the scrutiny of the editing and high polygraphic quality definitely make themselves conspicuous. The title page and contents are written in four languages: Russian, English, German and French. Some of the articles were either published with their translation into English or German or contained a short synopsis in a foreign language. It was noted, that this became possible due to the help of the Ural Mining Institute professors and teachers of the Higher Vladivostok Polytechnic school, for instance R. G. Bernstein, A. A. Wegner, M. O. Cler, N. I. Morozov, A. R. Redlich, Ye. P. Sysoeva and A. M. Janek. Nadezhda Nikolaevna Weimarn was a proofreader" [32].

"The Essays on Energy of Culture" was a philosophic work by Peter von Weimarn. The author briefly tells about Peter von Weimarn being carried away by the ideas of a German scientist Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald (1853-1932). Weimarn wrote about creative energy and efficiency being dependent on the age of the person. Natal'ya Khisamutdinova tells about Wei-marn's notions such as "the wise bound of knowledge", and others. Petr von Weimarn criticized the modern studying for "breaking the laws of energy".

In the end of her work, Natal'ya Khisamutdinova tells about the emigration of Peter von Weimarn and his wife to Japan. He lived and worked in Kobe. When he suddenly got ill, he went to Shanghai, China, to get some treatment, but Peter von Weimarn died there on June 2nd, 1934. "Nadezhda Niko-laevna Weimarn outlived her husband for almost thirty years: she passed away on January 21st, 1964. Their graves are situated next to each other" [33].

The research work of Petr von Weimarn became a precursor of many problems in modern Chemistry. The author gives a reference to a source from the Chemistry Department at Moscow State University saying: "According to modern chemists, the methods of production of disperse systems, and the theoretical concepts developed by Weimarn, may be effectively used today in nanochemistry and nanotechnology" [34].

The researcher Maksim Konradovich Eliashevich was an alumnus of The Mining Institute in Petrograd. Later he studied geology in the Far East. Before that, "having received a diploma from the Mining Institute, Eliashevich headed for the Urals together with his wife. He saw a wide field of activity in that region. He got married in the spring of1915, still being a student" [35]. Natalia Khisamutdinova supposes that Maksim Eliashev-

ich had been invited by the rector of the Ural Mining Institute Professor Peter von Weimarn to work in the Urals, because he knew Eliashevich as a talented student of the Mining Institute. Maksim Eliashevich was working in Ekaterinburg with enthusiasm. Natal'ya Khisamutdinova gives a reference to the document from the Russian state historical archive of the Far East, saying "he was even chosen to be an acting Professor on the sub-department of crystallography" [36]. Eliashevich also worked as a practicing geologist in the Verkh-Isetsk factories. However, the period of his work in the Urals was not long. "... in September 1919, after the decision of the A. V. Kolchak's government to evacuate the Ural Mining Institute to the Far East, he found himself in Vladivostok together with a group of professors and students" [37]. Later, Maksim Eliashevich worked in the Far East, after that he emigrated and settled in the USA.

Yet another famous chemist, Boris Petrovich Pentegov, was born in the Perm guberniya in 1887. He studied in a parish school, in a district school and in a municipal school and was a success in his studies. In 1904 he entered the Ural mining school. However, during his studies he was engrossed in politics; he participated in demonstrations of workers, etc. and was arrested several times. When he entered higher courses in biological, pedagogical and social Sciences run by Professor P. F. Lesgaft, he gradually forgot about his political work.

Pentegov began his career in Saint Petersburg, but later he moved to the Kyshtym mining and chemical factories in the Urals. After the October revolution he got the position of a steward of the Kyshtym chemical and metallurgical factories. "In 1919 Pentegov received an invitation from the Ural Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg to hold the position of a professor at the sub-department of physical chemistry and deliver lectures. However, he did not have to work in the Urals for a long time: in the summer the government of Kolchak made a decision to evacuate the Institute to Vladivostok" [38]. When Boris Pen-tegov came to Vladivostok with his family, he continued with his research work as well as teaching at the sub-department of physical chemistry of the Mining Department. "He simultaneously taught inorganic chemistry in the Teachers Training Institute, which was opened in Vladivostok in 1917 (Since 1921 it has been called The Far Eastern State Pedagogical Institute named after K. D. Ushinskiy)" [39]. In 1921 both Boris Petro-vich Pentegov and Peter Petrovich von Weimarn went to Japan to do some research in the University of Tokyo. "However, in the fall of 1922 Weimarn emigrated to Japan, and Pentegov had a chance to have his say in the science of Chemistry" [40].

One of the most famous books by Natal'ya Khisamutdinova is called "Petr Weimarn's "Energy of Culture". It was published in 2013 in Vladivostok. This book describes a philosophic treatise by Petr von Weimarn called "Essays on Energy of Culture". Apart from this, one part of her book is called "Peter Petrovich von Weimarn (A Biographical Essay)". The book contains the two obituaries by Wilhelm Ostwald and another one by N. Amurskiy. Furthermore, the book contains a reprint edition of "Essays.." by Petr von Weimarn.

Among the more recent works written by Natal'ya Khis-amutdinova we can point out an article called "The Professors of the Urals and their Contribution to the Science of the Far East", published in the Bulletin of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences called "Science, Society, Man" in 2009.

"The memorial to von Weimarn on the Foreign cemetery in the Japanese city of Kobe does not stand conspicuously among others. His name is hardly known here. However, the residents of the Far East can infer a lot from it. The professor Petr Petro-vich Weimarn is by rights considered among the founders of the

higher education in the Far East" [41]. Thus begins the article. Natal'ya Khisamutdinova calls Peter von Weimarn a founder "of the higher education in the Far East". Later, the author briefly tells about the basic events of the history of the Ural Mining Institute. Her interpretations of the events remain the same as in the previous works considered in this article.

An article "The Ural Chemist Boris Pentegov and His Contribution to the Science of the Far East" was published in "News of the Ural State Mining University" in the № 1(45), 2017. This work communicates about the life of the Professor Pentegov, his early days, studies, and work experience, including working in the Ural Mining Institute at the Physical Chemistry Sub-department.

By and large, the books and articles by Natal'ya Khisamut-dinova abound in quotations from archive materials as well as other works by modern historians and experts in other sciences. She also uses electronic resources of many higher educational institutions. As a historian, Natal'ya Khisamutdinova shows great sympathy towards Petr von Weimarn and like-minded people including professors from the Ural Mining Institute. They experienced the gravity of the war and evacuation together with their rector, who was, no doubt, a very charismatic person. In addition to this, Petr von Weimarn possessed fortitude; the most important thing was that regardless of all endurances, he did not lose his face, he remained to be a personality.

Unlike in the Soviet times, Natal'ya Khisamutdinova, of course does not quote the works by Vladimir Lenin. Rather, the researcher uses a lot of previously unpublished archive documents primarily from the Far Eastern archives situated in Vladivostok where the author resides at the moment. She gives the impression of a very scrupulous researcher, who carefully selects the sources for her books and articles.

Aleksandr Shorin is also one of the most productive researchers who wrote about the history of the Ural State Mining University. Aleksandr Georgievich Shorin was born in the settlement of Arti, which is in the Sverdlovsk Oblast', in 1973. He received a Bachelor's Degree in Geology from the Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology (now the Ural State Mining University) in 1998. In 2000 Aleksandr Shorin got a Master's degree in geology from the samehigher school. In 2010 he got a higher education diploma in Philosophy Teaching from the Ural State University named after Maksim Gor'kiy (now part of the Ural Federal University named after Boris El'tsin). A. G. Shorin is an author of many scientific articles on Geology, the history of the mining and of course on history of the Ural State Mining University. He has worked as an editor of "Gornyak", a newspaper of the Ural State Mining University from 1997 to 2000, and as a journalist of the "Oblastnaya gazeta" from 2004 to 2015. In 2015 he was an editor of "The News of the Ural State Mining University", in 2016 Aleksandr Shorin got a position of an executive secretary of the aforementioned journal. Since 2018 Aleksandr Shorin has been a deputy editor-in-chief of "The News of the Ural State Mining University".

First of all, we will consider the article called "The History of the Journal "News of the Ural State Mining University" published in 1(41) of the aforementioned Journal in 2016. In this article the author discusses the following issues. Which of the numbers should be considered the first one? Here Aleksandr Shorin provides a brief account of the very first days of The Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg as well as The Ural Mining Institute of the Emperor Nicholas II. "35 days later, Nicholas II abdicated as an Emperor and became "Mister Romanov" ..." [42]. Therefore, the Institute no more bore the name of the abdicated ruler of Russia. Aleksandr Shorin quotes the works of Vladimir Filatov

and provides a brief account of his reasoning about which issue of the "News..." should be considered first. The article is provided with some photographs of the title pages of the three issues of the "News..", published in 2001, 1993 and 1918/1919 academic year. Aleksandr Shorin provided references to the articles and books by Vladimir Filatov as well as to the News of the Geological Committee published in Petrograd in 1920.

In his "Article for the Russian Version of Wikipedia" published in issue 2(42) of "The News of the Ural State Mining University" in 2016 and dedicated to Petr von Weimarn, Alek-sandr Shorin provides a list of main milestones in the Professor's life. Following that, the author briefly tells about the studies of Petr von Weimarn, his work at The Ural Mining Institute, his scientific research. Aleksandr Shorin used many electronic resources, including encyclopedias. He also gives references to the works by Vladimir Filatov, Natal'ya Khisamutdinova, etc.

"The Two Years We Forgot About (the Ural Mining Institute in 1917-1919)" is yet another article by Aleksandr Shorin. It was published in issue 4(44) of "The News of the Ural State Mining University" in 2016 too.

The narrative in this article begins with "A Backstory" where the author gives exhaustive answers to the three "whys" about building the Ural Mining Institute. They are as follows: "Why in the Urals?", "Why it was precisely the Mining Institute?" and "Why in Ekaterinburg? "Aleksandr Shorin also writes about the historical events, that took place at that time, their influence upon the educational process in the Institute, etc. The author emphasizes the role of Petr von Weimarn who had his own outlook on pedagogy. He wanted to apply his ideas in the Ural Mining Institute. In the end of the article, Aleksandr Shorin gives a quotation from the letter to Petr von Weimarn sent to him by his students.

A very profound article called "Buildings of the Mining University" was published in the three consequent issues of "The News of the Ural State Mining University", namely, in issues 1 (45), 2017, 2 (46), 2017 and 3 (47), 2017. The first part of this article starts with a concise historical review about the Mining Institute. After this, the author tells about "the dream of Peter von Weimarn, that did not come true". The first rector of the Ural Mining Institute had a desire to build a campus especially for the Mining Institute. "The ceremonial laying of a building for the Mining Institute (it was in the forest on a cleared area which was decorated with flags) took place on July 17th, 1916" [43]. The power in Ekaterinburg changed several times during the Civil War, so it was impossible to finish building a campus for the Ural Mining Institute. Therefore, there was a necessity to hold classes in different buildings. This article tells about those buildings in detail.

Since 1919 the Mining Institute had functioned in Vladivostok. Here, in the Far East of Russia, the Mining Institute used the barracks of Alexey Schefner, the building of the Commercial school, the building of the Dal'zavod (a shipyard founded in 1887), the building of the Eastern Institute. After that the author talks about Ekaterinburg of 1919-1920 academic year. The following buildings were used here: The Balandins' house, American hotel, and Pshenichnikov house. Later on, the author supposes, which of the buildings the Institute could have received in 1920.

The next issue contains the second part of the article called "Buildings of the Mining University". Alexander Shorin gives a short note about the modern buildings of the Ural State Mining University. Here are the names of these buildings: The Second female gymnasium, the Medical Department of the Ural University, which is now one of the campuses of the Ural State

Pedagogical University. The author mentions the Saint Nicholas Church of the Ural State Mining University and the orphanage of the merchant Nurov which were built or restored after the perestroika. Alexander Shorin also mentions the geological museum and a house of Modest Onisimovich Cler, whose nickname was "grandfather Mo".

In the next issue of "The News of the Ural State Mining University" the concluding clauses of the article by Alexander Shorin are published. "When we tell about the buildings of the Mining University, we should note, that the training rooms are just a part of the whole infrastructure of the postsecond-ary educational institution. Therefore, in our last chapter we will tell about dormitories, sports facilities and places of internship for students of the URSMU" [44]. The author tells about the Novo-Tikhvinsky convent, which is situated near the University, the sports stadium called "Yunost'" (English: "Youth"), the dormitories and about the students' hostels. Alexander Shorin briefly tells about the internship places for the students, one of such places is situated in the Sukholozhsky district, on the bank of the Pyshma River.

It is a noteworthy fact, that since the issue 1 (49), 2018 the editorial board of "The News of the Ural State Mining University" has launched a new series of articles about the professors of the university and the minerals called after them. The issue 1 (49), 2018 tells about Professor Alexey Shubnikov (1887-1970), an expert in crystallography, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and founder of the Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Alexey Shubnikov taught at the Ural Mining University from 1920 to 1925. A mineral "shubnikovite" was called after him.

The issue 2 (50), 2018 contains an article about Vadim Shuiskiy (1935-2000). A concise biographical note is given at the end of the article. A mineral,"shuiskite", got the name of this professor.

The issue 3 (51), 2018 has an article and an article about Yuriy Kobyashev (1935-2009), a famous mineralogist, who did not have a higher education. A story about Yuriy Kobyashev, that goes along with the article called "Gorshchik" (from Russian "gora" - "a mountain"). This term is still used in the Urals to mean "a prospector". A mineral, "kobyashevite", was given a name of this legendary scientist.

The issue 4 (52), 2018 presents an article about Anatoliy Bushmakin (1947-1999), a famous mineralogist, who had discovered more than ten new minerals. A mineral, "bushmaki-nite", bears his name.

The issue 1 (53), 2019 contains an article about Svyato-slav Ivanov (1911-2003). He "was a famous Ural geologist and expert in the field of mining geology, petrology, tectonics and abyssal structure of the Earth crust" [45]. A mineral, "svyato-slavite", was called in the honor of Svetoslav Ivanov.

The issue 3 (55), 2019 presents an article by Alexander Shorin and Yuriy Erokhin. This article is called "Dmitriy Sergeevich Steinberg (1910-1992) and dmisteinbergite". The article begins with a statement, that most of the biographies of Dmitry Steinberg are '".too much focused on his scientific achievements" [46]. Following this maxim, the authors give a very detailed biography of the scholar. They especially emphasize his life in the course of history of the country, in particular, military service and teaching cartography in an infantry school during the World War II. There is also information about his two sons Alexander and Dmitry. The first one was "a geological engineer and Honorable subsurface prospector (1994)" [47]. The second one was "a geologist, writer and also a philosopher" [48]. This biography also includes the account of Steinberg's

scientific research work as well as the aforementioned facts from his biography.

A detailed description of dmisteinbergite is presented along with schemes and photographs of this mineral. Its properties and texture are described as well.

An article called "The Pedagogical Experiment of the Ural Mining Institute's First Rector, P. P. von Weimarn as an Attempt to Reorganize Higher School in 1917-1920" by Niyaz Valiev in association with Alexander Shorin was published in "The Notes of the Mining Institute" in 2017. Niyaz Gadym ogly Valiev"was born on February 17th, 1961 in Kizyldash, a settlement in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic in a family of workers. He is an expert in the field of gravel deposits exploitation, Doctor of Technical Sciences (2003), Professor (2004)" [3].

The aforementioned article has an introductory note about Petr von Weimarn, his life is briefly described in the beginning of the article. Later on, the authors provide a description of the works by Petr von Weimarn concerning Philosophy and Pedagogy. A journal called "Molodaya Rus'" is also mentioned there as the one which had published the works by Petr von Wei-marn. A concise note is dedicated to the "Essays on Energy of Culture" by Petr von Weimarn, later in the article the original work is quoted.

The next paragraph is dedicated to the reform of science. "Having arrived at a theoretical conclusion, that the cultural level of Russia directly depended on the salaries of the scientists, von Weimarn offered his own option of the equitable disposition of funds. He had worked out and applied this option in the Ural Mining Institute by means of voting of the members of the Institute Council" [49]. According to the opinion of the authors, these principles can be topical nowadays, in a modern higher school. When Petr von Weimarn emigrated, he did not publish any philosophic works, some of them are lost or still unpublished, the authors suppose. The Soviet power of course did not accept his ideas, Petr von Weimarn was "a persona non grata" as a White-Guard émigré.

The authors of the article use the works of Petr von Weimarn, Wilhelm Ostwald, Natal'ya Khisamutdinova and other authors as sources for this article.

An article called "The Ural Mining Institute and the Moscow Mining Academy: the interaction of the two postsecond-ary educational institutions" was written by a group of authors, namely by Doctor of Economic Sciences Alexey Dushin, the present-day rector of the Ural State Mining University, the first provost Professor Niyaz Valiev, Professor Yuliya Lagunova and Aleksandr Shorin, executive secretary of "The News of the Ural State Mining University". The article discusses the main aspects of the interaction of the two higher schools. Namely, it tells about the co-operation of the miners of the Urals with those in Moscow during the Soviet times. Special emphasis is given to the activity of academicians and professors, such as A. V. Shubnikov or P. K. Sobolevskiy. The final part of this article is dedicated to the present-day co-operation of the two institutions. The authors used the works of Natal'ya Khisamutdinova, Vladimir Filatov, Aleksandr Shorin and other researchers as a source base of their article.

Professor Eduard Emlin "was born on February 4th, 1940 in Sverdlovsk, in a family of a mining electrical engineer. He is an expert in the fields of mineralogy and geochemistry, Doctor of geological and mineralogical Sciences (1989), Professor (1989)" [3]. We will consider a book called "The Essays on the History of the Sub-department of Mineralogy of Ural Mining Institute" by Eduard Emlin. This is a very profound historical research work. The narration starts with a detailed review of

the primitive history of mankind in the context of stone dressing. Special emphasis is given to the Stone Age, and the following periods in the Urals. The book tells about the famous personalities such as Onisim Cler, Vasiliy Tatishchev, Aleksandr Kalugin, Aleksandr Fersman, Konstantin Matveev and others. Eduard Emlin describes their work, he pays special attention to the activity of those, who worked at the Sub-department of Mineralogy. According to Eduard Emlin, "the mining industry was thething the progress was driven by in the Urals. Therefore, mineralogy was an applied science which solved practical tasks. Accordingly, the coming of mineralogy into being was defined by the development of the mining practice" [50]. The author quotes the excerpts from the memoirs of the scholars about each other. The memoirs of the scientists' disciples and relatives are also presented in the book by Eduard Emlin. His work also contains the texts of the speeches of Konstantin Matveev, Grigoriy Vertushkov and other professors, who had worked at this sub-department in different times. The final part of the book contains short pieces of information about the men of science, who were in one way or another connected with the Sub-department of Mineralogy of the Ural Mining Institute or who had made significant contributions to the development of the science of mineralogy in earlier times.

Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Dashkevich was born in 1954 in the Kuvashi settlement, Zlatoustovsky District of the Chelyabinsk Oblast' in the USSR. In 1978 she graduated from the Department of History of the Ural State University (now part of the Ural Federal University). Completed her postgraduate studies and obtained a Ph.D. degree in 1978. Lyudmila Dashkevich obtained a Doctoral degree in History in 2007.

Let us analyzean article by Lyudmila Dashkevich called "The First Rector Speaks about the Creation of the Ural Mining Institute: Plans and Reality". This work contains a concise digression to the historical events concerning the opposition of Perm and Ekaterinburg as the two cities which had been equally worthy of having the first higher educational institutionfounded in the Urals. These disputes are concisely described in the work. "The problem was finally solved during the meeting of the interdepartmental conference which took place in May 1911 and was headed by L. A. Kasso, the public education minister" [51].

This publication contains the two documents, namely "The Speech of Professor P. P. von Weimarn at the solemn laying of a foundation of the Ural mining Institute. Ekaterinburg, July 17th, 1916" and "A Letter of P. P. von Weimarn to the Educational Department Manager at the Ministry of Trade and Industry A. Ye. Lagorio. Ekaterinburg, November 15th, 1915". The researcher used previously unpublished archive materials from the Russian State Historical Archive as well as works by other historians.

We can conclude, that the whole body of the historical works written about the Ural State Mining University by the Russian-speaking authors in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia is unique and worthy of consideration. While considering these works we have found that the historians of the Soviet times showed their contemptible attitude towards Petr von Weimarn and other White-Guard émigrés. However, it must be noted, that the Soviet historiography was not at all aggressive towards them, the historians did not demonstrate outspoken hatred. Rather, the Soviet researchers emphasized the involvement of the Mining Institute students into the social and political processes which took place in the USSR.

During the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union many names which had been forgotten during the Soviet times, such as Petr von Weimarn, began to be discussed. It must be not-

ed that however, the history of the Ural State Mining University is rather long and rich, the personality of Petr von Weimarn takes one of the key positions in the works of both professional historians and amateurs. The new project of "The News of the Ural State Mining University" is a series of articles about other famous scientists, doctors and professors, whose names were assigned to minerals. The professional researcher Natal'ya Khisamutdinova from Vladivostok has written many books and articles about such famous scientists as Boris Pentegov, Maksim Eliashevich and others. Again, the personality of Petr von Weimarn is one of the most important in her articles and monographs.

By and large it can be said that the Russian Post-Soviet historiography is an heir of the Soviet historical science. The modern historiography of Russia has inherited some traditions from its precursor, it has also created its own potential, which will no doubt be profitable for the future generations of researchers.

The historical works we have considered, are no doubt, purely scientific in terms of their external characteristics as well as in terms of their attachment to chronological and factual data. All of the works considered are written in a purely academic style. Many of the authors of the books and articles considered are professional historians, such as Valentina Maslennikova, Natal'ya Khisamutdinova or Lyudmila Dashkevich. Others do not have a formal qualification in Social Sciences, such as Vladimir Filatov. He is a Professor of geophysics, who is highly interested in the problems of history of the Ural State Mining University. Aleksandr Shorin holds many different qualifications, one of them is in Philosophy. This fact might have aroused his fascination for the historical studies.

Indeed, the diversity of the viewpoints and comparing them can be useful, because as we know, cognition comes through comparison. Historiography has always been and remains to be strong on the basis of comparison. This is maybe the strongest weapon of this scientific discipline.

Consequently, it can be stated that each of the historical works considered reflects the opinion of the author. It is also true that the historical era when each one of them was written is echoed in the viewpoints the authors were trying to convey. The authors who were contemporaries of Petr von Weimarn, the first rector of the Ural State Mining University, highly valued his scientific merits. Aleksandr Janek wrote:'". The great contribution made by P. P. Weimarn was the creation of the theory of the crystallization process" [1].

The researchers of the later times such as Aleksandr Smirnov tell about the period of Civil War, evacuation to Vladivostok and other events in more detail. The researcher narrates about the times when the law on establishing the mining institute in Ekaterinburg approved by the State Council and State Duma was issued. "On July 3rd, 1914, the law which established the Ural Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg. Since the fall 1915, when professor P. P. von Weimarn became the head of the Institute, the practical work on putting this law into practice has begun" [4]. Later on, Aleksandr Smirnov briefly tells about the life of the Institute during and after the Civil War. The next paragraphs contain information about the curricula of the Department, training and support institutions and the faculty of the Institute.

The book called "50 years of The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute named after V. V. Vakhrushev, the Ural's First Higher Technical Education Institution (1917-1967)" emphasizes the life of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute during the Great Patriotic War, the post-war period is also very well covered. To the contrary the authors interpret the pre-revolutionary period of the history

of the Ural Mining Institute with great antipathy towards Peter von Weimarn, in particular. This can be easily understood: Petr von Weimarn did not support the Bolsheviks. Yet he became a White-Guard émigré at the end of the Civil War in Russia and thus he became a persona non grata in the Soviet Union.

Valentina Maslennikova uses references to the works by Vladimir Lenin, which was quite natural for the researchers of the Soviet times. The work called "Addressing the History of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute (Part 1. 1914-1930)" was written during the Soviet Era, however it was published in 2013 only. The published version contains only one reference to a work by Vladimir Lenin, however, the typewritten article has three of them. This can be explained: it was only the abridged version of the article by Valentina Maslennikova that was published in "News of the Ural State Mining University". The author pays much attention to the Communist ideology, the work of the CPSU, etc. Valentina Maslennikova used Bolshevik newspapers as well as unpublished archive documents as sources for her work.

The historical works of the perestroika and post-perestroika periods were notable for the pluralistic approach to history. The works by classics of Marxism-Leninism were no more quoted as an obligatory condition for the publication of scientific works.The scientific books and articles by professor Vladimir Filatov are noteworthy for their lively language with a great portion of imagery. Nonetheless, the works remain to be scientific and they can certainly be regarded as historiography. Alek-sandr Shorin holds many different qualifications, one of them is in Philosophy. This fact might have aroused his fascination for the historical studies. He has used a considerable amount of previously unpublished archive documents, which comprised the primary source of his works along with articles and monographs previously written by other historians. "The Pedagogical Experiment of the Ural Mining Institute's First Rector, P. P. von Weimarn as an Attempt to Reorganize Higher School in 1917-1920" is yet another article written in collaboration with Niyaz Valiev, a professor from the Ural State Mining University. The authors describe the activity of Petr von Weimarn in detail. In particular, they pay attention to his reasoning about culture of Russia of that time and to the philosophic ideas and thoughts of Petr von Weimarn.

Natal'ya Khisamutdinova, a researcher from Vladivostok, has made a rich contribution to studying the history of the Ural State Mining University. According to her own words, she was particularly interested in the history of education in the Far East. She has considered the biography and scientific pathway of Petr von Weimarn. She has also paid much attention to his managerial abilities of the professor as well as his philosophic heritage in her works called "Far Eastern Professors: The Four Portraits on the Background of the Era. P. P. von Weimarn, A. P. Georgievskiy, M. K. Eliashevich and B. P. Pentegov", "The Professors of the Urals and their Contribution to the Science of the Far East" and "Petr Weimarn's Energy of Culture". Natal'ya Khisamutdinova used many previously unpublished archival documents from the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East, the State Archive of the Khabarovski Krai and the Russian State Archive of Economics. The researcher also used quotations from different reports and scientific works written by the professors she wrote about.

Eduard Emlin's "The Essays on the History of the Sub-department of Mineralogy of Ural Mining Institute" indeed deserves much attention. The author has collected colossal pieces of information about the prehistory of mineralogy, which dates back to the Neolithic times. The book contains the texts written by the professors of the University, the shorthand transcripts of

the speeches of the scientists who worked at the University. The book is also rich in illustrations, such as maps or photographs and portraits of mining engineers, chemists, etc., who participated in the development of the mining industry.

A Doctor of Historical Sciences from Ekaterinburg Lyud-mila Dashkevich has dedicated one of her articles to the history of the Ural State Mining University. Her work is called "The First Rector Speaks about the Creation of the Ural Mining Institute: Plans and Reality". In this article, the author briefly describes the situation around the creation of the first Institute in Ekaterinburg. She even quotes a poem written shortly after the decision had been made about the founding of the Ural Mining Institute. Lyudmila Dashkevich published the two previously unpublished documents from the Russian State Historical Archive. These documents represent the speech of Professor Petr von Weimarn at the laying of the Ural Mining Institute and a letter of Petr von Weimarn to A. Ye. Lagorio.

The history of the Ural State Mining University is very rich and diverse. This university was the only higher educational institution in the Urals, which had gone through the three historical epochs. Founded during the times of the absolute monarchy in Russia, it continued its work during the Soviet era and still exists in the modern post-Soviet times. Many historians, both professionals and amateurs, have dedicated their works to the history of the Ural State Mining University since the early Soviet times. Their estimations and viewpoints have always been different from each other. This was predetermined by many factors: the historical context of the appearance of this or that work, the personal viewpoints and estimations of the authors and so forth. The leading role of Marxism-Leninism in the works of the Soviet historians predetermined the estimations of the authors of "50 years of The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute named after V. V. Vakhrushev, the Ural's First Higher Technical Education Institution (1917-1967)". Valentina Maslennikova also followed this point of view in her article called "Addressing the History of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute".

To the contrary, the Russian researchers of the post-Soviet times demonstrated a pluralism of opinions. Yet the figure of Petr Petrovich von Weimarn, the first rector of the Ural Mining Institute, who was a White-Guard émigré, was no more shown in a negative. Natal'ya Khismutdinova from Vladivostok and Lyud-mila Dashkevich from Ekaterinburg treat Professor von Weimarn with unconcealed likening. Vladimir Filatov, who is an author of biographical manuals "Professors of The Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology" and "Professors of the Ural State Mining University", has conducted a very serious work on collecting the biographical data of each scholar who has ever worked in the Ural State Mining University and held a professorship.

The history of the Ural State Mining University no doubt deserves attention of the historians, at the moment, many new articles and monographs are being written and published. In particular, Vladimir Filatov, a professor and Head of the sub-department of strength of materials in the Vladimir State University named after Aleksandr and Nikolay Stoletovs, is at the moment conducting historical research on the history of the Ural State Mining University. The results of his studies are published in the News of the Ural State Mining University. Also, the Editorial Board of the aforementioned journal has launched a long-term project on writing a sequence of articles about the professors of the University, in whose honor the new minerals were called. Some of these articles have been analyzed in the present study. Therefore, in the future, there will certainly be work to be done on studying the historiography of the Ural State Mining University.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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2. Filatov V. V. 1997, Etyudy ob Urale [Essays about the Urals]. Ekaterinburg, 115 p.

3. Filatov V. V., Avdonin A. I., Sokolova A. I., Polenov Yu. A. 2003, Istoriya sozdaniya i stanovleniya Ural'skogo geologicheskogo muzeya [The history of creation and development of the Ural geological museum]. Ekaterinburg, 276 p.

4. Arhipova N. P., Filatov V. V. 2001, Issledovateliprirody Urala. XX vek [The researchers of the nature of the Urals. 20th century]. Ekaterinburg, 272 p.

5. 2010, Khram gornyakov. Svyato-Nikolayevskiy khram Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta: ocherkiistorii. Pod redaktsiyey V. I. Karpovich I professora V. V. Filatova [The Temple of the Miners. Saint Nicholas Church of the Ural State Mining University. Edited by V. I. Karpovich and Professor V. V. Filatov]. Ekaterinburg, 60 p.

6. Kolosova E. N., Filatov V. V. 2007, K istorii sozdaniya Ural'skogo filiala AN SSSR (1932-1939). Neyubilejnye zametki [Addressing the history of the Ural Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Non-anniversary notes]. Ural'skij geologicheskij zhurnal [The Ural geological journal], no. 4(58), pp. 1-123.

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8. Filatov V. V. 1992, "Otechestva pol'zy dlya ..." (75 let Ural'skomu gornomu institutu. 1917-1992) [For the benefit of the Fatherland... The 75th anniversary of the Ural Mining Institute]. Ekaterinburg, 408 p.

9. Filatov V. V. 2002, Professora Ural'skoy gosudarstvennoy gorno-geologicheskoy akademii. Biografichesky spravochnik [Professors of The Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology. A Biographical manual]. Ekaterinburg, 380 p.

10. 2007, Puteshestvie v mir kamnya: Muzej istorii kamnereznogo i yuvelirnogo iskusstva [A journey to the world of gems: The museum of the art of stone-cutting and jeweler's art]. Sost, nauch. red. prof. V. V. Filatova [Compiled and edited by Professor V. V. Filatov]. Ekaterinburg, 320 p.

11. Filatov V. V. 2016, P. K. Sobolewskiy- osnovopolozhnik Ural'skoy geofizicheskoy shkoly [P. K. Sobolewski, the founder of the Ural geophysical school]. Izvestia Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 4 (44), pp. 99-102.

12. Filatov V. V. 2002, Strela vremeni: ocherki istorii gornogo dela Urala [The arrow of time: the essays of the history of the mining in the Urals]. Ekaterinburg, 308 p.

13. Filatov V. V. 2000, Tayny "gornogo vedomstva" [Secrets of "the mining department"]. Ekaterinburg, 144 p.

14. Filatov V. V. 2008, Tayny Kamennogo poyasa: ocherki istorii gornogo dela na Urale [The mysteries of the stone belt: the essays on the mining in the Urals]. Ekaterinburg, 267 p.

15. Rapoport M. S., Komarskiy V. Ya., Filatov V. V. 2000, Tvortsy ural'skoy geologii [The Creators of the geology in the Urals]. Ekaterinburg, 224 p.

16. 2011, Ural'skaya geofizicheskaya shkola (60 let geofizicheskomu fakul'tetu Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta. 1951-2011 gg.): biograficheskiy spravochnik [The Ural geophysical school (the 60th anniversary of the Department of geophysics of the Ural State Mining University. 1951-2011): a biographical manual]. Ekaterinburg, 461 p.

17. Filatov V. V. 2017, Vydayushchiyesya ucheniki P. K. Sobolevskogo [Famous followers of P. K. Sobolevskiy]. Izvestia Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 4 (48), pp. 123-129.

18. Ivanov O. K. 2018, V. P. Shuyskiy (1935-2000) i shuyskit [V. P. Shuyskiy (1935-2000) and "shuyskite"]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 2 (50), pp. 157-161.

19. Kleimenov D. A., Kainov V. I. 2018, Anatoliy Filippovich Bushmakin (1947-1999) I bushmakinit [Anatoliy Filippovich Bushmakin (1947-1999) and "bushmakinite"]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 4 (52), pp. 152-157.

20. Kleimenov D. A., Polenov Yu. A., Grigor'ev V. V., Kainov V. I., Pozdnyakova L. I. 2017, Ural'skiy geologicheskiy muzey Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta. K 80-letiyu [The Ural geological museum of the Ural State Mining University. The eightieth anniversary] Izvestia Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 2 (46), pp. 120-123.

21. Shorin A. G., Erokhin Yu. V., Kleimenov D. A. 2018, A. V. Shubnikov (1887-1970) I shubnikovit [A. V. Shubnikov (1887-1970) and "shubniko-vite"]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 1 (49), pp. 140-146.

22. Shorin A. G. 2017, Simvolika Ural'skogo gornogo [Symbols of the Mining University]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 4(48), pp. 136-141.

23. Spravtseva Ye. A. 2017, K stoletiyu nauchnoy biblioteki Ural'skogo gornogo [For the centenary of the library of the Mining University]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 4(48), pp. 130-135.

24. Erokhin Yu. V., Shorin A. G. 2018, Yu. S. Kobyashev (1935-2009) i kobyashevit [Yu.S. Kobyashev (1935-2009) and "kobyashevite"]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 3 (51), pp. 165-175.

REFERENCES

1. Janek A. 1919, Kharakteristika nauchnoy deyatel'nosti P. P. Veymarna [The characteristic of P. P. Weimarn's scientific activity]. Molodaya Rus'. Sbornikliteraturniy, publitsesticheskiy I nauchniy [Young Russia. A literary, journalistic and scientific collection]. Ekaterinburg, p. 30.

2. Ibid., p. 32.

3. Filatov V. V. 2009, Professora Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta. Biograficheskiy spravochnik [Professors of the Ural State Mining University. A Biographical Manual]. Ekaterinburg, p. 380, 415, 85, 151.

4. Smirnov A. 1924, Gorniy fakul'tet Ural'skogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta [The Mining Department of the Ural State University] Gorny zhurnal [A mining journal no. 2], p. 209.

5. 1967, 50 let Sverdlovskomu Gornomu Institutu im. V. V. Vakhrusheva, pervomu tekhnicheskomu vuzu na Urale (1917-1967) [50 years of The Sverdlovsk Mining Institute named after V. V. Vakhrushev, the Ural's First Higher Technical Education Institution (1917-1967)]. Moscow, p. 5.

6. Ibid., p. 9.

7. Ibid., p. 10.

8. Ibid., p. 16.

9. Ibid., p. 16.

10. Maslennikova V. M. 2013, K istorii Sverdlovskogo gornogo institute. Ch. 1. 1914-1930 gg. [Addressing the History of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. Part 1. 1914-1930]. Izvestia Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 4 (32), p. 101.

11. Ibid., p. 102.

12. Ibid., p. 103.

13. Maslennikova V. M. 2014, K istorii Sverdlovskogo gornogo institute. Ch. 1. 1914-1930 gg. [Addressing the History of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. Part 1. 1914-1930]. Izvestia Ural'sko gogosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 2 (34), p. 85.

14. Maslennikova V. M. 2014, Addressing the History of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. Part 1. 1914-1930. News of the Ural State Mining University, no. 4 (36), p. 76.

15. Maslennikova V. M. 2015, Addressing the History of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. Part 1. 1914-1930. News of the Ural State Mining University, no. 2 (38), p. 47.

16. Ibid., p. 48.

17. Ibid., p. 48.

18. Ibid., p. 49.

Киселев Е. И. The history of the creation and development of the Ural state mining university in the in the interpritation of Soviet and 179

19. Ibid., p. 49.

20. 2010, Khram gornyakov. Svyato-Nikolayevskiy khram Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta: ocherki istorii. Pod redaktsiyey V. I. Karpovich iprofessora V. V. Filatova [The Temple of the Miners. Saint Nicholas Church of the Ural State Mining University. Edited by V. I. Karpovich and Professor V. V. Filatov]. Ekaterinburg, p. 30.

21. Ibid., p. 31.

22. Ibid., p. 51.

23. Filatov V. V. 2004, O zhurnale "Izvestia Ural'skogo gornogo instituta" [On the journal called "News of the Ural Mining Institute"]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 19, p. 215.

24. Filatov V. V. 2018, Ot kafedry geofiziki do geofizicheskogo fakul'teta [From the Sub-department of Geophysics to the Department of Geophysics]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], Issue 3 (51), p. 176.

25. Ibid., p. 179.

26. Ibid., p. 179.

27. Filatov V. V. 2019, Geofizicheskiy fakul'tet i yego variatsii [The Department of geophysics and its variations]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 1 (53), p. 180.

28. Ibid., p.182.

29. Ibid., p.184.

30. Khisamutdinova N. V. 2011, Dal'nevostochniye professora. Chetyre portreta na fone epokhi. P. P. von Weimarn, A. P. Georgiyevskiy, M. K. Eliashevich, B. P. Pentegov [Far Eastern Professors: The Four Portraits on the Background of the Era. P. P. von Weimarn, A. P. Georgievskiy, M. K. Eliashevich and B. P. Pentegov]. Vladivostok, p. 12.

31. Ibid., p. 24.

32. Ibid., p. 47.

33. Ibid., p. 60.

34. Ibid., p. 60.

35. Ibid., p.110.

36. Ibid., p.111.

37. Ibid., p. 111.

38. Ibid., pp. 148-149

39. Ibid., p. 149.

40. Ibid., p. 149.

41. Khisamutdinova N. V. 2009, Ural'skiye professor i ikh vklad v dal'nevostochnuyu nauku [The Professors of the Urals and their Contribution to the Science of the Far East]. Vestnik ural'skogo otdeleniya RAN. Nauka, obshchestvo, chelovek [Bulletin of the Ural Branch of RAS called "Science, Society, Man"], no. 4(30), p. 98.

42. Shorin A. G. 2016, Istoriya zhurnala "Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta" ["The History of the Journal "News of the Ural State Mining University""]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 1(41), p. 152.

43. Shorin A. G. 2017, Zdaniya Ural'skogo gornogo [Buildings of the Mining University]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 1 (45), p. 111.

44. Shorin A. G. 2017, Zdaniya Ural'skogo gornogo [Buildings of the Ural Mining University]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 3 (47), p. 122.

45. Erokhin Yu. V., Ivanov K. S. 2019, SvyatoslavNestorovich Ivanov (1911-2003) i svyatoslavit [Svaytoslav Nestorovich Ivanov (1911-2003 and "svyatoslavite"]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 1 (53), p. 171.

46. Shorin A. G., Erokhin Yu. V. 2019, Dmitry Sergeyevich Steinberg (1910-1922) i dmishteinbergit [Dmitry Sergeyevich Steinberg (1910-1922) and "dmisteinbergite"]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], issue 3(55), p. 178.

47. Ibid., p. 179.

48. Ibid., p. 179.

49. Valiev N. G., Shorin A. G. 2017, Pedagogicheskiy experiment pervogo rectora Ural'skogo gornogo instituta P. P. von Veymarna kak popytka reformirovaniya vysshey shkoly v 1917-1920 godakh [The pedagogical experiment of the Ural Mining Institute's first rector, P. P. von Weimarn as an attempt to reorganize higher school in 1917-1920]. Zapiski Gornogo instituta [Notes of the Mining Institute], vol. 228, p. 621.

50. Emlin E. F. 2008, Ocherki istorii kafedry mineralogii Ural'skogo gornogo instituta [The Essays on the History of the Sub-department of Mineralogy of Ural Mining Institute]. Ekaterinburg, p. 32.

51. Dashkevich L. A. 2013, Perviy rector o sozdanii Ural'skogo gornogo instituta: plany i realii [The First Rector Speaks about the Creation of the Ural Mining Institute: Plans and Reality]. Vestnik Ural'skogo otdeleniya RAN. Nauka, obshchestvo, chelovek [Bulletin of the Ural Branch of the RAS called "Science, Society, Man"], p. 166.

52. Odobrenniy Gosudarstvennym Sovetom i Gosudarstvennoyu Dumoyu Zakon ob uchrezhdenii gornago instituta v gorode Ekaterinburge [The law on establishing the mining institute in Ekaterinburg approved by the State Council and State Duma]. Osnovnoy fond Muzeya istorii UGGU, delo № 860 [the main fund of the Museum of the History of the URSMU, file no. 860], p. 85.

The article was received on July 24, 2019