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16B.N. Shohimardonova, L.I. Xasanova
THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE UK AND THE TOP-RANKED UNIVERSITIES
The higher education system will remain an important factor in the development of any state. Because higher education is based on different levels of education in different parts of the world, the UK's higher education system differs from the Higher Education System of many countries in terms of its stages, duration, science and quality. This article discusses the levels, achievements and advantages of the UK's higher education system, top-ranked universities. The main purpose of this article is to promote the achievements of the UK Higher Education System and highlight its advantages.
Key words: higher education system, top-ranked universities, postgraduate, undergraduate, PhD, T levels, further education.
Education is the process of helping to learn or master knowledge, skills, morals, beliefs, habits, and personal development. Education has emerged as the transmission of spiritual heritage from generation to generation. Today, the goals of education include more and more students to be independent, to think critically about the information provided, to embrace new ideas such as the skills needed for modern society and sophisticated professional skills. The UK education system is known around the world for its high quality and standards. In general, the British higher education system has five levels of education: primary years, primary years, secondary education, Continuing Education (FE) and Higher Education (HE). Britons enter the education system from the age of three and are required to attend school until the age of 16 (compulsory education), and then at their discretion. In addition to many similarities, the UK education system at different levels in each governance zone (England, Scotland and Wales) is slightly different. In general, these differences are not so significant that we can talk about UK higher education. One of the most important levels of the education system in the UK is higher education. Higher education is a tertiary education after graduation, and this level of education takes place in universities and colleges of further education, which typically includes undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Higher education gives you the opportunity to study the field you are interested in and is likely to increase your career prospects and earning potential.
In the United Kingdom, higher education consists of two stages: universities and non-university institutions. Non-university institutions include colleges, institutes and academies. It focuses on research in higher education and provides higher education. Universities include bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, and nonuniversity institutions such as colleges, institutes, and academies offer degrees or diplomas covers non-existent applications. All over the world, UK higher education is ranked high for its quality and strict academic standards. The current popularity of people in the UK's higher education system determines the prestige of these institutions. The UK has some of the most prestigious higher education institutions in the world and they are among the top universities.
Higher education in England is provided by Higher Education (HE) colleges, university colleges, universities and private colleges. Students normally enter higher education as undergraduates from age 18 onwards, and can study for a wide variety of vocational and academic qualifications, including certificates of higher education and higher national certificates at level 4, diplomas of higher education, higher national diplomas and foundation degrees at level 5, bachelor's degrees (normally with honours) at level 6, and integrated master's degrees and degrees in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science at level 7[5].
© B.N. Shohimardonova, L.I. Xasanova, 2022.
Department for education
National education budget (2015)
Budget 6,6% GDP[2]
General details
Primary languages English, Irish, Scottish, Gaelic, Welsh
Literacy 2020
Total 99%[8]
Male Unknown
Female Unknown
Attainment
Secondary diploma 88%[3]
Post-secondary diploma 45,7%[6] [1]
ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS
Students that sit for the GCSE usually take 20 to 25 examinations and they usually take 9 GCSEs. Most student will take Maths, English literature, English Language and double science, which total to 5 GCSEs, students normally take a further 4 GCSEs in a variety of different subjects. Sitting at the exam culminates the end of 11 years of mandatory education. A General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is awarded for each subject passed and World Education Services issues a high school diploma after the evaluation of a minimum of three GCSEs. Pre-university education in the United Kingdom is a two-year senior secondary programme that leads to a new round of examinations, the General Certificate of Education, Advanced Level (also known as GCE A-levels). As with the GCSE, students who sit for the exam choose the subjects and the number of examinations (the average number taken is three). WES awards undergraduate credit based on the nature and number of subjects passed. Each university has their own set of admission policies and the minimum entry requirements for each particular higher education programme that they offer [7]. The General Certificate of Education Advanced Level (GCE "A Levels") is an entry qualification for universities in the United Kingdom and many other universities across the world. Students that are interested in pursuing higher education will usually enrol in pre-university and further education programmes. Pre-university education takes up to two years which culminates with a new set of examinations, the General Certificate of Education, Advanced Level (GCE A-levels). Similarly, with the GCSE, students who take the exam choose their subjects of interest and the number of examinations. Most students take three subjects on average and the WES grants undergraduate credit based on the nature and number of subjects passed. Bachelor's degrees at the bare minimum typically require two to three GCE A Level passes, and a minimum number of GCSE passes with a grade C or above [4].
VOCATIONAL
In the UK, technical and vocational education lasts from high school to pre-university. In the UK, secondary vocational education is also understood as complementary education. It is separate from secondary education and is not a type of higher education institution. Post-secondary education includes general secondary education as well as vocational education. In addition, students have the opportunity to attend additional colleges to prepare for a professional certificate, such as A-levels. Major provider of vocational qualifications in the United Kingdom include the City and Guilds of London Institute and Edexcel. Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas typically require 1 and 2 years of full-time study and credit from either HNE or Diplomas can be transferred toward an undergraduate degree [9].
TOP-RANKED UNIVERSITIES
United Kingdom has many top-ranked Universities. The University of Oxford continues to be ranked as the number one University in the UK. The University of Oxford is a collegiate research University in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096[9]. Today, the University has 39 colleges, 6 permanent private halls and more than 24,000 students. This University has taught 4 British and 8 foreign kings, 47 Nobel prize-winners, 28 foreign presidents and prime ministers, 25 British Prime Ministers, also many famous people studied there: John Locke, Indra Gandhi, Baroness Margaret Thatcher and Adam Smith. The academic year consists of 3 terms: Michaelmas Term (from October to December), Hilary Term (from January to March), Trinity Term (from April to June).
Second-oldest and best University of UK is Cambridge was founded in 1209. Cambridge is formed from a
variety of institutions which include 31 semiautonomous constituent colleges and over 150 academic departments, faculties and other institutions organised into six schools. All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities. All students are members of a college. The university does not have a main campus, and its colleges and central facilities are scattered throughout the city. Undergraduate teaching at Cambridge centres on weekly small-group supervisions in the colleges in groups of typically 1-4 students. This intensive method of teaching is widely considered the 'jewel in the crown' of an Oxbridge undergraduate education [9]. Like Oxford University a lot of famous people have studied at Cambridge University: Lord Byron, Charles Darwin, Vladimir Nabokov. The great Russian scientist Pavlov came to Cambridge to get the degree of the Honorary Doctor of Cambridge. Cambridge has taught 80 Nobel-prize winners (33 more than Oxford and the highest number of any university worldwide), 13 British Prime Ministers.
Imperial College London is a state research university in London that legally covers research, technology and medicine. This college stems from Prince Albert's vision of the cultural sphere, including the Royal Albert Hall, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Museum of Natural History, and several Royal Colleges. The college was established in 1907 by royal charter, uniting the Royal College of Sciences, the Royal School of Mines, and the city and guilds of the London Institute. In 1988, Imperial College Medical School was formed as a result of the merger with St. Mary's Hospital Medical School. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School. The college focuses only on science, technology, medicine and business. The main campus is located in South Kensington and has an innovative campus in White City. Institutions include training hospitals throughout London and a research field station in Silwood Park. The college was formerly a member of the University of London and became independent on its 100th anniversary. Imperial has a large international community, more than 59% of which are students outside the UK and on campus in 140 countries. In collaboration with students, staff and researchers, 14 Nobel laureates, 3 Fields Medal winners, 2 successful laureates, 1 Turing Prize winner, 74 members of the Royal Society, 87 members of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 85 members of the Medical Academy [9].
Founded in 1583, the University of Edinburgh is one of the sixth oldest universities in the world. It consists of 3 colleges of arts, humanities and social sciences, science and engineering, and medicine and veterinary medicine. Located in the Scottish capital, the university has 35,000 students. It is third University which has taught Nobel prize -winners. The university spends more than £ 26 million on awards and scholarships. In addition, students are encouraged to study or work abroad during their studies at the university.
It should be noted that there are a variety of higher education opportunities in the UK. As more than 100 universities in the UK and around the world offer different levels of programs for students, the choices are not small. One-third of all students in the UK are menrolled in some form of higher education, and the figure is much higher than 50% for students from Scotland. This makes the competition very strong for schools and it is therefore advisable to apply for courses early.
References
¡.Educational attainment and labour-force status. OECD.
2.Education Expenditures by Country. National Center for Education Statistics. 11 May 2018. p.7.
3.International Educational Attainment. p.4. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
4.International Qualifications for entry into college or university in 2013. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
5.The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies. November 2014. p.17. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
6.United Kingdom. OECD. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
7.Vocational education and training in the United Kingdom. p.34.
8.www.macrotrends.net/countries/GBR/united-kingdom/literary-rate.
9.www.wikipedia.com
10.Sherzodovich, A. S. (2020). The role of online teaching and innovative methods. Science and education, 1(3), 524528.
SHOHIMARDONOVA BARCHINOYNURMATOVNA - student, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Lan-giuages.
XASANOVA LAZIZAILXOMOVNA - student, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Langiuages.
