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THE "GOLDEN PEOPLE" OF KAZAKHSTAN
1 Noyanov Edyl Noyanuly, 2Sergazy Yernazar
Kazakhstan, Almaty,
1 teaching and learning orientated Deputy of the History Department, Ph.D., associate professor; 2student of the Faculty ofArchaeology, History and Ethnology at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Abstract. This article is about historically important and valuable "Golden people " artefacts found in Kazakh lands. An analysis of different views of scientists on this will be carried out later in this work. The main difficulties of the archaeological works and the main aspects of the conservation of monuments are considered. The "Esyk" mound is analysed in this piece of work in order to show its importance to the history of the world. "The Besshatyr" cemetery, "Esyk" burial grounds, "Zhuantobe", "Boralday" cemeteries are used as the main object here. "The Esyk" mound is located over 50 kilometres away from Almaty city and it is one of the burials that are placed on the left bank of the river Esyk. The burial ground is up to 3 kilometres long and extends from south to north. It consists of forty-five mounds. "The Esyk" burial is the first place in the world where the "Golden man" was found. Each "Golden men's" features, benefits and values will be evaluated and discussed in this article.
Keywords: golden man, archaeology, artefact, cemetery, era, plague.
Reconstruction of historical monuments requires special zeal. This is not a phenomenon, but a scientific work...
Nursultan Nazarbayev.
People around the world always look at the historical heritage with a high interest and enthusiasm. Whenever there is a possibility to travel, most people try to visit places, which are rich for its history. No doubt, contemplating the view of the Egyptian pyramids or the Great Wall of China would be the dream of all those who have a passion for beauty.
It has been more than twenty years since our country has become independent. At the same time, as a prerequisite for being a sovereign country, a lot of work is being done. Now, it is necessary for us to keep and develop our country's spiritual, cultural and historical heritage. Most importantly, a lot of work needs to be conducted for the future of the nation in nurturing and teaching the younger generation to appreciate the value of their motherland and for them to grow up as the true patriots. Part of this work involves a deep research and investigation of the national history. Kazakh wide steppes resemble a large book that is covered with gold. Every time you open a new page of this book, you get surprised and start admiring the content. Consequently, the idea is developed that it is crucial to communicate and teach our future generation to value the historical and cultural wealth of the great country.
The history of the Kazakhstan is a treasure, which needs to be thoroughly studied. "The Golden Men" which were found as a result of archaeological excavations made Kazakhstan more worldwide known. That is why it is important to investigate more historical and cultural relics that were found recently.
Kazakhstan history describes a period during BC VII-IV centuries as the early Iron Age period. Sak tribes face in almost all regions of Kazakhstan took part in archaeological sites. Sak Barrows, mostly located along the river Almaty of Kazakhstan and Central, South and East Kazakhstan, as well as more common in the North and West Kazakhstan. Parking and mounds of scientists and archaeologists to conduct excavations Saks religious beliefs and customs, agriculture and life abundant information.
"Besshatyr" cemetery, "Esyk" burial grounds, "Zhuantobe" cemetery, "Boralday," cemetery, etc. were found in Zhetisu lands [1.16-p].
The Golden Warrior, also known as Zolotoi Chelovek (Russian) or Altyn Adam (Kazakh), is a statue of a Scythian warrior recovered from a kurgan, or burial mound, some 50 kilometers from Almaty in Issyk in 1969 (Figure 1). In this burial mound, a skeleton was found and its believed to have been an 18 year old Scythian warrior prince dating back to the 3rd or 2nd century BCE.The Scythians were a nomadic tribal people that inhabited the Pontic-Caspian steppe and described in Herodotus' The Histories. While the Scythian people disappeared from history with the rise of the Kipchak Turks the territory that is in Northern Mongolia.The Golden Warrior was discovered wearing a gold-platted uniform, along with a gold dagger and sword, and a pointed headdress with plaques of winged horses with horns, panthers, goats, among other animals. As is typical of burying rituals, the Golden Warrior's kurgan included ceramic vessels, bronze castings and jewelry. The warrior was probably a member of the elite, given the luxuries of the kurgan and the elaborate headdress.With the skeleton, the burial mound included warrior tools, horse skeletons, jewelry, and more clothing stitched with gold. The actual garments are on display in Almaty at the Central State Museum 60 m diameter of the mound. Two graves are located under the rubble. Unfortunately, the center of the stake in 19 blocks subjected to strip the tomb of the king. At the side of the walls of the excavation of five built of timbers and theft have survived the second tomb. The famous "golden man" was found in this tomb.
In 1969, a group of Kazakh scientists under the leadership of Kemal Akishevich Akisheva was discovered a unique archaeological complex Issyk burial.
Fig. 1. "Golden man" reconstruction which wasfound in "Esyk" (from the newspaper "Caravan") www.caravan.kz
In these years, the interest of the world caused by the "golden man" was declared the 17-18-year-old prince. Today, the sovereign attributes and became a symbol of the "golden man" image Independence Monument in Almaty (Figure 2) and the country's life in the city of Astana "Eternal" complex historical figure is represented as [2.50-p].
Fig. 2. Independence Monument in Almaty www.armedia.am
Architects create new reconstruction of "Golden Man" in female form (in particular, we are talking about a headdress). Make them opening published in the journal "Kumbez" where they write that "finds itself cast doubt on the assertion that it was a young man," referring to Point handbag with cosmetic bag and a mirror next to burial. With regard to the allegedly discovered male subjects - a sword and a dagger: "There are very many Saka and Sarmatian female graves, obviously, being the objects of the rite, it applies to both men and women, or simply charms. In addition, funeral outfit consisted not only of gold items, but mainly from organic materials that have not been preserved. And he could be both male and female, and the variations on this theme can be infinite. " In the southern and western side of the grave can be seen. 26 ceramic vessels. The body length of 165 cm.A height of 70 cm. There are several options for reconstruction of the costume and headdress. Presumably, this is -Sak-tigrahauda because his head pointed headdress 70 cm high, decorated with gold plates and plaques depicting horses, leopards, mountain goats, birds, trees. Around his neck is a gold torque with tips in the form of a tiger head. On the left side of the skull was discovered a gold earring decorated with beading and turquoise pendants |3.76-p|.
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Fig. 3."Golden man" which was found in Atyrciw region, Zhvlyoi "Arcdtobe" necropolis 1-mound kolizej.at.ua
"The Golden Man", they are found in several regions of the country. except for the "golden man" found near the Issyk, In addition, in 1999, archaeologists Zeinulla Samashev and Zhumash Dzhetybaeva found "The Golden Man" in Atyrau region, Zhylyoi "Tobe" (Figure 3), 2003 Associate Professor of National University of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and Professor Gani lobster Abde§ Tulebaev in East -Kazakhstan near Zaisan in place Baygetobe "Chilikti-3" number 1, the mound of the "golden man" (4262 gold find) (Figure 4), in 2010 archaeologist Beisenov Arman found in Karaganda region Karkaraly District, "Taldy-2", "The Golden Man" [4.18-p].
Karaganda region near the settlement called K.Amanzholov in the mound "Taldy-2" found skulturu war who lived two and a half thousand years ago, a soldier bust covered with gold.
archaeological excavations have added another story in the Kazakh steppe. This monument is found the archeologist Arman Beisenov. during excavations of burials found in the zone around a hundred, twenty-eight images of a lion in gold bullion, in the form of jewelry, adapted to the shape of the dragon, gold-plated wild boar. Relief paintings are also in our coat of arms in the image of horses, they found more than a thousand precious beads. It is seen here buried most powerful man. According to archaeologists Arman Beisenov, many things were stolen. This golden man is very important information for the history of scientific data. this wealth is not found every day, said archaeologist [5. 121-128-p]. This trophy of the people in the country's history as a whole is a scientific value, The Golden Man, he's a soldier on guard. Soldier's body in the chest completely covered in gold, such respect for those who is the ruler of the sun. Historians call this place the Valley of the Kings. our ancestors have great respect for the sun and the thought that God is there. The ruler of the sun in the face of the valley of the kings became the nation beam. the sun is not quenched. Even if the golden man is slightly different, but similar to those found in other regions of the country [6.43-58-p],
Fig. 4. East-Kazakhstan region, Zaisan district, Baygetobe place "Golden Man "found in the mound
№1 of Shilikty 3 www. tengrinews.kz
in 2010-2012 in West Kazakhstan region, in the area of complex Terekty "Taqsay-1" during the excavations conducted by Professor MNSadikovtin, things Sarmatian sites were found, and on the basis restorer Altynbekov restored golden man "Taqsay Priests" [7]. As you can see "The Golden Man", covers all regions of Kazakhstan. Unfortunately, except for the "golden man" found in the town of Issyk burial and robbed gold ornaments and body are not in the starting position. It does not allow for a complete renovation. restored version presented to the reader. Nevertheless, they still have not received approval. historians, scientists and archeologists. "The Golden Man", a valuable addition, cultural and historical heritage ,, and is a valuable asset. Including "The Golden Man" found in the town of Issyk is the most precious relic, a symbol of the country.
Before we found in our country, "Golden Man" before the world knew only the pharaohs. second part of the mounds are often robbed or do not know the exact time, who dug .They have no scientific value. in Russia in the Crimean museums in the region, located in St. Petersburg, the Hermitage and other museums located in West Siberia, do not have such values as "The Golden Man" [8].
Even if we do not know who these people are found in the mounds, they are historical figures, in which time they lived but are convinced that they were the leaders and commanders of the ancient Saks was the cult of spirits. the walls were made of gold products.
The future of any state of the nation depends on its past. And our past is closely linked with the Saka kings. the world only in the Kazakh steppe have found the golden man. it gvorit about what Kazakhs in the history of not only graze cattle as slaves, but they were powerful. Thus, our history, we must put an example to our generation. Today, the people of Kazakhstan has a rich history, its contribution to the civilization of the ancient states and empires is valuable.
REFERENCES
1. H. Margulan, K. A. Akishev, M. K. kadyrbayev, A. M. Orazbayev Ancient culture of Central Kazakhstan. A., 1966.
2. Akishev K. A. Issyk Barrow. The art of Saka in Kazakhstan. M., 1978.
3. Akishev K. A., Kushaev G. A. the Ancient culture of Sakas and Usuns the ili river valley.A. 1963.
4. Beisenov was the ancient builders. New Herald. - 2010. - 3 ARASA. (No. 43). - 18-b.
5. Z. Beisenov Earrings Saka era. Vestnik of Tomsk state University. - 2014. - N° 6 (32). - 121-128-b.
6. Akishev K. A. Saki Asian and European Scythians ...//Archaeological research in Kazakhstan. -A., 1973.- 43-58-b.
7. Altynbekov K. the Book "Restored treasures of Kazakhstan: Experience of scientific restoration", 2014 Scientific-restoration laboratory "Ostrov Krym", Almaty, Kazakhstan.
8. Altynbekov K. the Book "Restored treasures of Kazakhstan: Experience of scientific restoration", 2014 Scientific-restoration laboratory "Ostrov Krym", Almaty, Kazakhstan.
РАЗВИТИЕ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН В СОСТАВЕ СССР
аспирантка Куатова Айгуль Акимовна руководитель д. ю. н., профессор Слепнев Евгений Леонидович
Россия, р. Башкортостан, г.Уфа, Башкирский государственный университет
Abstract. Ключевой целью выбора нового хозяина земли является повышение эффективности землепользования. На плечи собственника земли ложатся серьезные проблемы -самостоятельное ведение производства, успешность которого зависит от умения собственника не только владеть, но и пользоваться, и распоряжаться землей. Новые собственники земли должны быть достаточно подготовленными менеджерами, качественно организующими производственный процесс, предполагающий рациональное использование земельных ресурсов.
Keywords: земельные отношения, царское правительство, сельское хозяйство, земельные ресурсы.
Древняя история земельных отношений на территории нынешнего Казахстана - это очень сложная и интересная тема. Она практически не исследована. Но эта тема привлекает внимание многих ученых, политиков, историков и правоведов. Об этом свидетельствуют письменные источники, данные археологии и истории.
История земельных отношений Казахстана требует системного подхода с учетом характера производительных сил общества, особенностей самого общества и государственности тюркских народов Востока.
Земля была основой существования племени, народности, государства и материальной базой для их хозяйственной деятельности. Она имела такое же значение в их жизни, кок скот и другое имущество. Иной раз она имела даже большее значение, чем скот или другое имущество. Не случайно возникали войны между племенами, народами, государствами за власть над землей-территорией. Землю, используемую в качестве территории, называют местом родного очага, землю, используемую для хозяйственной деятельности, считали принадлежностью хозяйства. Право собственности на землю рассматривают как право пользования, которое некоторые ученые считают
