CC BY
0THE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM AND THE EFFECTS
OF EDUCATION ON IT
1Boymurodova Feruza Ziyot qizi, 2Husenova Malika Sheraliyevna
1MA International Education English Teacher, Uzbekistan State World Languages University,
2third course student, English Philology faculty ORCID: 10009-0003-8288-4005, 20009-0000-5453-6394 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13896609
Abstract. The main purpose of the article is to state the global impacts of tourism and the effects of education on it.Today, we can witness that tourism is increasing in every part of the world. Because it is bringing much financial benefits to the countries' exchequer. Connection between tourism and environment is somehow complex. It is linked with the construction of roads, airports and tourism facilities, including hotels, restaurants, shops, marines and etc. Development of tourism is able to ruin environmental resources on which it depends. As well as the flood of tourists can drive up prices for goods and services, making it difficult for local people to afford them. But with negative impacts, some advantages, like job creation, infrastructure development, should be mentioned.
Education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of tourism, acting as a vital catalyst for sustainable growth and responsible development. It empowers both tourism professionals and travelers, fostering a deeper understanding of the industry's impact and promoting ethical practices. To conclude we can see both pros and cons of tourism as well as drawbacks and profits of education on it.
Keywords: tourism, education, economy, environment, job creation, expensive prices, infrastructure development.
Аннотация. Основная цель этой статьи- глобальные последствия туризма и влияние образования на него. Сегодня мы можем наблюдать рост туризма в каждой части мира, поскольку он приносит значительные финансовые выгоды в казну стран. Взаимосвязь между туризмом и окружающей средой довольно сложная. Она связана со строительством дорог, аэропортов и туристической инфраструктуры, включая отели, рестораны, магазины, морские порты и т.д. Развитие туризма способно разрушить природные ресурсы, от которых он зависит. Кроме того, наплыв туристов может повысить цены на товары и услуги, что затрудняет их доступность для местного населения. Однако, наряду с негативными последствиями, следует упомянуть и некоторые преимущества, такие как создание рабочих мест и развитие инфраструктуры.
Образование играет ключевую роль в формировании будущего туризма, выступая важным катализатором устойчивого роста и ответственного развития. Оно наделяет как профессионалов туристической индустрии, так и путешественников более глубоким пониманием влияния этой отрасли и способствует продвижению этических практик. В заключение можно отметить как плюсы и минусы туризма, так и недостатки и выгоды от образования в этой сфере.
Ключевые слова: туризм, экономика, образование, окружающая среда, создание рабочих мест, высокие цены, развитие инфраструктуры.
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolaning asosiy maqsadi turizmning global ta'siri va unda ta'limningahamiyatini ko 'rsatishdir. Bugungi kunda biz dunyoninghar bir burchagida turizmning o 'sayotganiga guvoh bo 'lishimiz mumkin, chunki u mamlakatlarning g 'aznasiga katta moliyaviy foyda keltirmoqda. Turizm va atrof-muhit o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik biroz murakkab. U yo'llar,
aeroportlar va turizm infratuzilmasi, jumladan mehmonxonalar, restoranlar, do'konlar, bandargohlar va boshqalarning qurilishi bilan bog'liq. Turizmning rivojlanishi uning bog'liq bo'lgan tabiiy resurslarini yo'q qilishga qodir. Shuningdek, turistlarning ko 'pligi tovar va xizmatlar narxini oshirishi mumkin, bu esa mahalliy aholiga ularni sotib olishni qiyinlashtiradi. Ammo salbiy ta'sirlarga qaramay, ish o 'rinlariniyaratish, infratuzilmani rivojlantirish kabi ba'zi afzalliklarni ham qayd etish lozim. Ta'lim turizm kelajagini shakllantirishda muhim rol o'ynaydi va barqaror o'sish hamda mas'uliyatli rivojlanish uchun muhim katalizator bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Bu nafaqat turizm mutaxassislarini, balki sayohatchilarni ham sohaga chuqurroq tushuncha bilan ta'minlaydi va axloqiy amaliyitlarni targ'ib qiladi. Xulosa qilib aytadigan bo 'lsak, turizmning ham afzalliklari ham kamchiliklari bor, shuningdek, ta'limning turizmga ta'siridagi kamchilik va foydalarini ham ko'rishimiz mumkin.
Kalit so'zlar: turizm, ta'lim, iqtisod, ish o'rni yaratish, qimmat narxlar, infratuzilma rivojlanishi.
Introduction: Some negative and positive effects can be brought to places by tourism( Nunkoo and So, 2016, Postma and Shoumaker, 2017). Negativeness is linked to socio-cultural costs like crowding, crime rates, and tradition weaknesses; and problems on ecosystem(pollution, noise) despite the fact that it's positive effects include economic benefits, take an example, employment, infrastructure, investment (Archer et al, 2005).
Tourism is changing. It's no longer just about attracting the most visitors or showing off fancy modern things. People are starting to care more about how tourism affects the local people and the environment (Mokhtarian , 2019; Uysal and Sirgy, 2019). Instead of just focusing on numbers, tourism is now about making sure residents have a good quality of life and that the environment is protected. Travelers want authentic experiences that benefit local communities, rather than just seeing the same things everywhere. They want to learn about local culture, try local food, and feel like they're really connecting with the place they're visiting.
Tourism can be a powerful driver of environmental conservation. The allure of pristine beaches, diverse wildlife, and unspoiled landscapes encourages investments in protecting these resources. However, uncontrolled tourism can lead to environmental degradation. Overcrowding, pollution, and habitat destruction pose significant threats to fragile ecosystems. As well as, tourism can bring positive social impacts, fostering community development and improving infrastructure. However, the influx of tourists can disrupt local communities, leading to increased crime, noise pollution, and the displacement of residents. The rising cost of living in popular tourist destinations can also strain local communities, making it difficult for them to maintain their livelihoods. On the other hand, tourism has drawbacks, like the construction of resorts, hotels, and infrastructure often encroaches on sensitive ecosystems, leading to habitat loss for endangered species and disruption of natural processes. The influx of tourists generates significant waste, often overwhelming local waste management systems and polluting waterways and land. Air pollution from transportation also contributes to climate change. Education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of tourism, influencing both traveler behavior and industry practices. It has the power to transform tourism from a purely transactional experience into a force for positive change.
• Literature review. Tourism, a global phenomenon that intertwines cultures, economies, and environments, paints a complex picture with both vibrant hues and stark contrasts.
Its impact stretches far beyond sun-kissed beaches and bustling city streets, leaving an indelible mark on the world. The advantages of travel
Economic Booster: Tourism is a vital economic engine, generating billions of dollars annually and creating countless jobs worldwide. It infuses cash into local economies, supporting businesses, infrastructure, and community development. From small, family-run guesthouses to large international hotel chains, tourism sustains livelihoods and fosters economic growth (Chen and Li, 2008).
Cultural Exchange and Understanding: Tourism serves as a bridge between cultures, allowing travelers to immerse themselves in different ways of life, customs, and traditions. This exchange fosters tolerance, empathy, and a deeper understanding of the world's diversity, promoting peaceful coexistence and breaking down stereotypes ( Ryan and Deci, 2001) The disadvantages of Tourism:
• Environmental Degradation: The insatiable appetite for tourism often comes at the cost of the environment. Overcrowding, pollution from transportation and waste, and habitat destruction pose significant threats to fragile ecosystems, contributing to climate change and biodiversity loss( Ghuman 1997)
• Cultural Appropriation and Homogenization: The pressure to cater to tourist demands can lead to the commodification of local culture, eroding authenticity and traditional practices. The influx of visitors can disrupt traditional ways of life and lead to the homogenization of cultural experiences( Pandy,1995). Research highlights the importance of educating travelers about responsible travel practices, cultural sensitivity, and environmental impact. Studies show that travelers with higher levels of education are more likely to engage in sustainable behaviors, such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations, minimizing waste, and supporting local businesses (Weaver, 2001; Hall & Page, 2005).
• Promoting Cultural Understanding: Education plays a crucial role in fostering cultural understanding and appreciation. Research indicates that educational programs can equip travelers with the knowledge and skills to interact respectfully with local communities, avoid cultural appropriation, and engage in authentic cultural experiences (Cohen, 1988; Smith, 2006).
• Findings: Tourism undeniably contributes significantly to global economies, generating jobs, supporting local businesses, and driving economic growth in many regions. However, the distribution of these benefits is often uneven, with large corporations and international tourism operators benefiting disproportionately, while local communities may experience marginalization and exploitation.
Environmental Concerns: Tourism's environmental impact is a pressing concern. Over-tourism leads to pollution, habitat destruction, and resource depletion, particularly in fragile ecosystems like coastal areas, islands, and biodiversity hotspots. Cultural Sensitivity and Appropriation: While tourism can foster cultural exchange and understanding, it also risks cultural commodification and appropriation. The pressure to cater to tourist demands can lead to the homogenization of cultural experiences, the erosion of traditional practices, and the exploitation of local cultures for profit.
Education's Role in Sustainability: Education emerges as a crucial tool for mitigating negative impacts and promoting responsible tourism.
Traveler Empowerment: Educational initiatives aimed at travelers can foster awareness of environmental issues, encourage responsible travel practices (such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations, minimizing waste, and supporting local businesses), and promote cultural
sensitivity.
Industry Transformation: Educating tourism professionals about sustainability principles, environmental impact assessment, and responsible marketing practices can drive the sector towards more ethical and sustainable operations.
• Discussions: Beyond Economic Growth: The focus on economic growth in tourism development needs to shift towards a more holistic approach that prioritizes environmental protection, social equity, and cultural preservation.
• Addressing the Power Imbalance: Addressing the power imbalances between large tourism operators and local communities is essential for ensuring fair benefits distribution and preventing exploitation.
• Government Policy and Regulations: Governments need to enact stronger regulations and policies to promote sustainable tourism practices, protect local cultures, and hold tourism businesses accountable for their environmental and social impacts.Collaborative Efforts:
Collaboration between governments, tourism operators, local communities, and educational institutions is vital to achieve sustainable tourism development.
• Conclusion: Tourism's global impact is undeniable, but its future trajectory depends on embracing responsible and sustainable practices. Education plays a critical role in fostering awareness, promoting responsible behavior, and empowering individuals and communities to shape a more equitable and environmentally friendly tourism industry. Through education, we can work towards a future where tourism becomes a force for good, contributing to economic development, cultural understanding, and environmental protection.
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