The first Kazakh-Russian schools of a “class-lesson” system established in the Bukei Horde, Kazakhstan by Zhangir Khan as a new pedagogical trend Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки об образовании»

THE FIRST KAZAKH-RUSSIAN SCHOOLS

OF A "CLASS-LESSON" SYSTEM ESTABLISHED

IN THE BUKEI HORDE, KAZAKHSTAN

BY ZHANGIR KHAN AS A NEW PEDAGOGICAL TREND

Y.S. Ayagan1, R.S. Duvanbekov1,A. Kuleimenov1, 1 2 J.B. Abishev , L.M. Kuleimenova

lBuketov Karaganda State University Karaganda, Kazahstan, 100000 2Karaganda State Technical University Karaganda. Kazahstan, 100000

Annotation. This article examines how the wise management of Zhanghir khan in Bukey Horde deals with the problems of education in State level. Zhanghir khan aimed to take up this problem in Bukey Horde through diplomatic relationships with tsarist Russia. Therefore, schools and madrasahs in new tendency on the basis of Islam culture in Kazakh land firstly were introduced in Bukey Horde. Also, humanity and religious education in pedagogical ideas and thoughts of outstanding philosophers are analyzed. The usage of these ethno pedagogical values to rear young generation in religious and patriotic process in modern educational branch is widely talked.

Key words: Kazakhstan, Bukey Horde, Zhanghir khan, madrasahs, religious education, Kazakh, tsarist Russia, schools in new tendency.

The most renowned of the leaders of the Bu-kei Horde was Zhangir Khan who took on the role in 1824. The Schools that appeared in the Bukei Horde at the time of Zhangir's rule are one of the in value blethings left tothe Kazakh people. So called "The Zhangir school" was the first Russian-Kazakh school in the Kazakh steppe. This fact shows how much the khan care-dabout his disciples. Amid numerous numbers of such disciples who first went to school was Muhanbet Sali'k Babazhanov [6].

The 165th anniversary of the school established by Zhangir Khan is celebrating this year.

Earlier the school was named after M. Gorky, these days it is better known as the secondary school named after Zhangir Boikeyev. Since one and a half century past the school had the name of its founder [2].

The contemporary class system of school history dates back to the time of Zhangir's rule. The reason why historians omitted that historic fact Zhangir Khan was the first who established the school to Kazakh people still requires some scientific investigations. Despite the fact that the majority of disciplines were conducted in Russian, the school had some subjects in the native

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Издание зарегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ ЭЛ № ФС77-50518 Журнал представлен в НАУЧНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ (НЭБ) — головном исполнителе проекта по созданию Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ)

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language bearing national upbringing as well. If granted historic materials we could see that the school was earlier famous as a national college, specialized in Islamic culture, including all the traditional forms of religious thought and upbringing. There was a special discipline Islamic Studies. This way, the Kazakh children became aware of Islam, humanistic education, through traditional literature. In this regard, Khodja Ahmat Yssawimade considerable efforts to spread Islam throughout Central Asia and had numerous students in the region. Yasawi's poems created a new genre of religious folk poetry in Central Asian Turkic literature and influenced many religious poets in the following countries. Thus, the teachers disseminated Islamic culture and raised their disciples according to humanistic values and ideas. The students were expected to know what qualities and traits are inherited to humane. Such as: morality, courtesy, sensitivity, humanity, respect, humility, the national spirit of personality, wisdom, feeling, cognition and etc [3]. One of the few who really realized the need of agitation this kind of educational system was Zhangir Khan. In the issue, in the Bukey Horde, Zhangir Khan on the basis of Islamic religion advocated national ideology and moral educationin Kazakh society. The prime reason to advocate national religious mo-raleducation was to keep away Kazakh children from "Russification". Christianity, and save Kazakh national culture through a religious discipline introduced. Invited Russian scholars were expected to assist in realizing qualitative educational process systematically. K.P. Oldekov was in charge of academic affairs, but educational process and methodological work in Zhangir khan's own control. Further, the school turned into the specialized school which gave rise to open specialized high school and higher institution in the Horde. All the undertakings have been the basis for a general system of education.

Historically proved that «Zhangirschool» has no relationship with Russian Tsar. The Khan only had invited highly experienced teachers and insured them with all conditions to work. All procedures were under the control of Zhangir khan who consulted interests of his nation and Tsar, from his side, just required legalizing all issues on the official paper. According to M.S. Babazhanov, one of the students who first stepped into the school, "Zhangir Khan had been waiting till 1841 when Russian Tsarinaugurated the school". This fact could be considered as a confirmation to the idea given above.

All the efforts of Bokei Khan were rewarded, because the Kazakh children really understood the necessity in getting the knowledge, and they were very eager to study new things and enrich their inner world. M.S. Babazhanov has emphasized a great significance of the school which opened to their graduates the doors of Cadet Corps or universities. The Zhangir School ensuredwith fully complete educationand it was some kind training course for entering the university. Zhangir khan used to receive exemplary pupils in his residence to know better their priorities in further education, subjects or professions they would be interested in pursuing for a future career, share with new thoughts and ideas, to speak out about current problems around the table. In academic institutions, given a special file, Kazakh children were asked to write what trade they have chosen for a future career. The Khan supported the graduates in every possible way to give them a chance to become masters with high proficiency level. Besides there was a great tradition to organize school leavers proms and a great feast.

At the time of Zhangir's role only the Kazakh children went to school, even though there were Russian classes as well. As days passed the teaching and educational process, methodological work were getting worse and worse. On the basis of The Zhangir School seven new schools had been opened and further developed in the terri-

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Издание зарегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ ЭЛ № ФС77-50518 Журнал представлен в НАУЧНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ (НЭБ) — головном исполнителе проекта по созданию Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ)

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tory of Bokei Horde. But there are few historical data about educational system and teaching basis of those seven schools. None of the scholars have mentioned the peculiarities of curricular and academic process of the schools raised on the basis of the Zhangir Khan, except that fact that they were of one style and taught the same disciplines.

While the Bukei Horde was part of the Russian Empire and subservient to it, Zhangir Khan had considerable leeway in the administration of his own domains, including as regards revenue rising. Zhangir Khan made his greater contributions in general education system and did his best to solve various problems in schools administration. He met with university scholars to exchange with their professional experience and supply local schools with course books and teaching aids and supplementary teaching means. In assistance with Kazan' University professors the khan published the course books for religious disciplines for national schools from his own funding. Thanks to those books students became aware of Islamic thought and religious humanity, absorbed with national spirit, humanistic upbringing, honesty, trust, good-natured, respect and other traits.

After the death of Zhangir khan the government failed to supply the school with teaching aids and tools; the lesson were postponed to some period. The everagenumber of schoolchildren was 19 between 1846 and 1861. Since 1848 the Zhangir School obtained an annual financing from the local government in the amount of 1401 rubles. In 1848 K. Oldekovhad the permission from the Soviet to teach Russian children and despite all difficulties ensured their study in the Zhangir's college. Some years later the number of running schools had increased which led to the lack of schoolmasters and teachers. The Soviet failed to solve the current problems and could not support the school in its further development.

In the long run, all schools running in the territory passed into Russian Ministry of Education since November, 20, in 1847. The Russian government administrated the entire education system of the Horde during twenty-eight years and had its own impact on the increasing number of school in Kazakh steppe [5; 7]. Since the time the schools of the Horde passed into the Ministry of Education, a Russian — Kazakh school started its new historical period (that is still alive in modern life).

He also emphasized that there were few Russian schools that could bo ast of having a long history. The enlightenment is great and sacred process; it is a guarantee of national welfare and might [1].

The government highly appreciated the contribution of pedagogical teaching stuff of the national school that held in veneration the national peculiarities of our ancestors. This fact reasonably demonstrates an important role of the Zhan-gir School in educating Kazakh children. Since the Russian government highly appreciated Zhangir khan's efforts to lay a foundation of European education in the horde and the policy of the Enlightenment by his own funding. He established a tradition for the pursuit the education. In his letter he wrote what subjects required a new approach and qualitative knowledge and how to organize teaching process.

Russian researchers highly appreciated the great work of Zhangir Khan in educational system and recognized him as a prominent reformatory. Especially he was the first who established new educational establishments for Kazakh people who could only dream about the opportunity to get the education in their motherland. He did his best in order Kazakh children could enter the universities and made their dreams come true. He explained that the pursuit of education let Kazakh nation to reach a new civilization for the better life (Picture 1).

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Издание зарегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ ЭЛ № ФС77-50518 Журнал представлен в НАУЧНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ (НЭБ) — головном исполнителе проекта по созданию Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ)

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1) writing

2) reading

3) Kazakh language

4) graphics

5) Russian grammar

6) mathematics

7) history

8) geography

9) physics

10) chemistry

11) biology

12) first aid rules

13) Arab language

14) Persian language

15) Tatar language

The chief super-visor of the school or college — Khan

Study period: from October till May

2 year's term pedagogical competition

Pensionary

Dean

Types of the lesson: explanation, exercises, question-answer

и

School subjects

Lesson

1 - lesson

2- lesson

3- lesson

4- lesson

5- lesson

Course books, teaching aids, supplementary teaching means, literatures.

Periodical publications

Reading hall

Library

A Russian-Kazakh school of 2 classes opened in 1841 by Zhangir Khan

Reestablished 4 classes «The Zhangirschool»

1) Short Russian Grammar by Vostokova

2) «Arithmetics» by Bur-nakovsky

3) Geography by Shul-gin 2 Parts

4) Short anthology by Galahova

5) Russian history by Ustryalova, 2 Parts

6) 212 various books in Eastern language

7) 35 books in Russian language

8) The history of Peterl, 4 Parts

9) 2 Atlases of Russian Empire

10) Encyclopedic lexicon

15 Parts

11) «Code of laws»

16 Parts

Kamys-Samar

2 classes Kazakh-Russian school

Naryn 2 classes Kazakh-Russian school

Zhana Kazan 2 classes Kazakh-Russian school

Kazakh-Russian schools established on the basis of Zhangirschool( 1844)

Torgyn 1 class Kazakh-Russian school

Talovka 2-clas-

ses Kazakh-Russian school

The Deputy of academic and educational affairs — K.P Oldekov

Karakoy 2-clas-

ses Kazakh-Russian school

Methodological center of teacher training admitted by a competitive examination

Кернектк куралдар, кемекин куралдар, оку ici заттары орналаскан

Methodological room

Board, desks, bookcase

Classrooms

Writing, reading. ABC

Training class

1 1 r

On the basis of Zhangir school 7 Kazakh-Russian schools Established, all schools held different educational work Primorsk 1 okrug 2-classes Kazakh-Russian school

Kazakh language Russian language Arab language Persian language

— Primary classes

Tatar language Russian grammar

1

Mathematics, Geography, History ■<— Middle classes

1

Graphics, chemistry, biology, physics, first aid rules — Senior classes

\t

Religious Education -

Humanity

Manner

Humanism

Honesty

Allegiance

Delicacy

Respect

Conscience

Honour

Picture 1. Russian-Kazakh schools of "class-lesson" system in the Bokei Orda

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Издание зарегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ ЭЛ № ФС77-50518 Журнал представлен в НАУЧНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ (НЭБ) — головном исполнителе проекта по созданию Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ)

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The Kazakhs as other nations always willingly propagandized tools for enlightenment by ensuring necessary academic conditions to the development of society.

Owing his exceptionally distinguished personal qualities, and being an unsurpassed military strategist, skilled diplomat. Zhangir, all his life, had been advocating enlightenment amid the Kazakh children to enter and get the knowledge at special educational establishments rather than at home. One of his invaluable achievements in the time of his role considered the educational rise in the Kazakh steppe. In coming December, 6th we are celebrating the 165th anniversaryof the school patronized many years ago by a greatkhan [4].

The Kazakhs as other nations always willingly propagandized tools for enlightenment by ensuring necessary academic conditions to the development of society. Owing his exceptionally distinguished personal qualities, and being an unsurpassed military strategist, skilled diplomat. Zhangir, all his life, had been advocating enlightenment amid the Kazakh children to enter and get the knowledge at special educational establishments rather than at home. One of his invaluable achievements in the time of his role considered the educational rise in the Kazakh steppe.

In coming December, 6th we are celebrating the 165th anniversary of the school patronized many years ago by a greatkhan [4]. His follower, as we know from historical data, is Ybyrai Altynsarin who displayed a great interest in pedagogy and shared his ideas in establishing such kind of schools.

Summing up our research results, we have:

— analyzed the significance of the first national class system school on the sample of European experience;

— proved the historical evaluation of the Khan's contribution and in developing Islamic culture and innovations in national upbringing, national educational system in the territory of Kazakhstan;

— analyzed the function of the special local body that was in charge of propagandizing national ideology amid younger generation in the territory Bokei Horde;

— identified Zhangir khan's historical contribution in reforming national education system on the sample of European standards. The Zhan-gir-khan government drastically changed the life and the history of the nation being a skilled diplomat, and politician, having a pervasive mind, being an expert in philosophy, human psychology, ethnography, culture, religion.

— resumed and justified the fact that Zhan-gir Khan was the first who implemented the class-lesson system in Kazakhstan, advocated by the father of Pedagogy J.A. Kamensky.

REFERENCES

1. Babazhanov S. E'tnografi'yaly'k makalalar. Almaty', 1993.

2. Bwkeevskoj orde — 200 let. I'zd. i'z 6 kni'g. Almaty': Olke, 2001. S. 9.

3. Mwkataev G.K. Xan Zhangi'r. Veli'ki'j pre-obrazovatel' stepi'. Sankt-Peterbwrg, 2001. S. 143.

4. Garms I'.Ya. Narodnoe obrazovani'e sredi' kazaxov dorevolyuci'onnoj Rossi'i': Avtoreferat di'ss. ... k.p.n. Petropavlovsk, 1957. S. 6.

5. Zi'manov S.Z. Rossi'ya i' Bwkeevskoe xan-stvo. Almaty': Nauka, 1982. S. 121—127.

6. I'stori'ya Bwkeevskogo xanstva 1801— 1852 g.g. (sborni'k dokwmentov i' materi'alov). Almaty': Dana-Press, 2002. S. 8—9.

7. Omi'rzakov A'. Resejge kosy'lgannan ne wtty'k. Almaty': Sanat, 1999. B. 86.

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Издание зарегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ ЭЛ № ФС77-50518 Журнал представлен в НАУЧНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ (НЭБ) — головном исполнителе проекта по созданию Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ)

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ОСНОВА МИРОВЫХ СИСТЕМ «ШКОЛА — КЛАСС» — ПЕРВЫЕ ОТКРЫТЫЕ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ РУССКО-КАЗАХСКИЕ «КЛАСС-УРОКИ» ЖАНГИР ХАНА БУКЕЕВСКОЙ ОРДЫ

Е.С. Ляган1, Р.С. Дуванбеков1, А. Кулейменов1, 1 2 Ж.Б. Абишев , Л.М. Кулейменова

1 Карагандинский государственный университет им. Е.А. Букетова Караганда, Казахстан

2Карагандинский технический университет Караганда, Казахстан

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются решение вопросов образования в Букеевской Орде под руководством Жангир хана. Исследованы пути разрешения Жангир ханом проблем Букеевской Орды путем дипломатических отношений с царской Россией. Также рассматривается вопрос политики образования казахов времён Екатерины II, живущих на границе с царской Россией. Подробно рассматривается вопрос о роли Жангир хана в открытии казахских мусульманских школ и медресе и дальнейшего обучения казахов в России. А также внедрение инновационных методов обучения в мусульманское образование в Букеевской орде.

Ключевые слова: Казахстан, Букейская Орда, Жангир хан, воспитание, казах, школа, образование.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

1. Бабажанов С. Этнографиялык макалалар. Алматы, 1993.

2. Букеевской орде — 200 лет. Изд. из 6 книг. Алматы: Олке, 2001. С. 9.

3. Мукатаев Г.К. Хан Жангир. Великий преобразователь степи. СПб., 2001. С. 143.

4. Гармс И.Я. Народное образование среди казахов дореволюционной России: Автореф. дисс. ... к.п.н. Петропавловск, 1957. С. 6.

5. Зиманов С.З. Россия и Букеевское ханство. Алматы: Наука, 1982. С. 121—127.

5. История Букеевского ханства 1801— 1852 г.г. (сборник документов и материалов). Алматы: Дана-Пресс, 2002. С. 8—9.

6. Омирзаков Э. Ресейге косылганнан не уттык. Алматы: Санат, 1999. Б.86.