CC BY
4
UDK 36
Isxaqov B.B.
TEACHER
Namangan Engineering - Construction Institute
Uzbekistan, Namangan city THE FERGHANA VALLEY RELATES TO THE TRADITIONAL
CULTURE OF UZBEKS
Annotation: In this article highlights of the Ferghana valley relates to the traditional culture of Uzbeks.
Key words: tradition, national culture, Ferghana valley, ethnology.
Studies in ethnological direction have become a tradition in terms of material culture (housing, clothes, jewelry, food), as well as graphic designs, plans, drawings, photographs, detailed descriptions, descriptions and scientific analysis. In fact, however, this information serves as a catalyst for scientific ethnological research, but not as the ultimate aim of research. The main purpose of the study of the material culture in the ethnological direction is to explain the object being investigated by the people's social lifestyle. Because the traditional forms of material culture are based on the labor and needs of the human being, but as a result of his conscious thinking he receives this or that appearance. Undoubtedly, it is also important in the form of symbols, symbols, symbols, ideals, which are reflected in the samples of material culture, which directly relates to it, in the analysis of their beliefs. In general, it is not a description of the samples of the material culture for ethnologists, but their interaction with human beings is interesting [1]. Every ethnos equips its home on the basis of its spiritual-aesthetic tone and national values. In its turn, it embraces certain religious, religious and philosophical views and national values on the basis of customs and traditions associated with the relocation of homes and the relocation of new homes.
Orientalist Abu Nasir Farabi emphasized that the construction of houses in many geometric styles, including the art of constructing an architectural monument [2]. Also, Abu Ali ibn Sino has emphasized the need to take into account the location of the house built in the architecture of the house, its relation to the wind, the water flowing through the construction site, and the availability of resources that have a negative impact on the environment. In each Central Asian city, residential architecture has developed under the natural and ecological conditions of the region, the climate, the economic and social life of the people.
Construction of traditional houses of Uzbeks is divided into building designs and styles, designs and decorations, and are divided into specific architectural directions such as Ferghana, Bukhara, Khiva and Shakhrisabz. Despite the fact that there are some peculiarities in the construction of houses, the common architecture is widespread, and ancient houses typically consist of courtyards surrounded by street and side walls. The windows of all residential and commercial rooms are on the inside. The yard is divided into two rooms - an outer courtyard for children and women, as well as luxury rooms in the yard, for men and guests. There are also
rooms in the craftsmen's home where the shops and students live. One of the most commonly used two-bedroom options is to show houses with an interior and a large house. Such houses are usually built with either a sofa or a canopy. Construction of solar houses also depends on the geographical, ecological and economic factors of the Ferghana Valley. Houses with decked roofs were either part of the summer heat or winter partial cold. Traditionally, summer holidays have become a tradition.
The Fergana valley embraces a certain belief, religious beliefs and national customs on the basis of traditions and rituals associated with the resettlement of homes and home immigration. This, of course, indicates the antiquity of these traditions, the national ideology of the nation, the history of the development of ancient religious beliefs and the viability of religious views. From this point of view, in the valleys Uzbeks, the custom of ritual sacrifice and worship of the ancestors who live in this house is widespread before breaking the old house and building a new one [3].
Ethno-ecological study of accommodation provides a lot of specific information on family relationships, other aspects of economic and household life. The construction and design of traditional houses depends on many factors. Geographical climate, climate, and waterways have a primary impact on them, and the socioeconomic status, the threat of enemy, and forced many people to live in areas where human habits are not favorable [4].
In their turn, on the ecological features of traditional houses. L. Other matters of Voronin should also be mentioned separately. Because the researcher has written scientific papers on ethno-ecological features of houses in his many years of research [5]. Special attention is paid to the place of the new home in Uzbek. The dwellings were always trying to build a graveyard, a cemetery, a place of pilgrimage, and saints. The cemeteries and pilgrims are the places where the spirit of the deceased is in the public eye. In Uzbekistan, the beliefs of ancestors have also been manifested in their views on housing issues. From this point of view valley Uzbeks have a common practice of ritual sacrifice and dedication to the spirit of ancestors living in this house before destroying every old house and rebuilding its foundation[6].
Especially, the cultivation of cereal products, especially the vegetarian food, has a special place in diversity. In the early 20th century, national dishes such as peanut butter, corn and wheat flour were prepared in the valley.
In scientific literature, the traditional food of the Uzbek people and their features, as well as the ethnic and ingredient components of food, are widely covered. [7] However, the description and classification of the traditional dishes of Fergana valley and the problem of their local characteristics are not studied specifically. Every nation has created different kinds of food in the process of social-economic and cultural development of society. Undoubtedly, any traditional ethnic cuisine changes and improves, depending on the local lifestyle of the people, first of all on the basis of economic training. Any changes in the form of farming and the habitat of the mountainous or mountainous peoples are reflected in its traditional cuisine. A comparative study of national cuisine in the Fergana valley shows that in
the valley, along with traditional irrigated agriculture and livestock farming, many inoetchnic features and regional aspects can be observed in the population of the economic and cultural heritage of the mountain and grass.
Traditional dwellings, clothing and cuisine, which are an important component of the material culture, have a lot in common with the cultural and cultural traditions of the valley Uzbeks and have their own distinctions. For example, in irrigated farming, these components are somewhat conservative and have a very small and inoetective impact on the effects of external factors. Because the material culture of the ignorant is based on the traditional culture that has been formed over centuries. The interior of the local population was based on an ancient culture of interiors, dressmaking and experience, and aesthetic taste, rich tradition of cooking.
They also have a permanent cultural impact on the population. This is due to the gradual evolution of ethnic and socio-economic processes that have changed the traditional lifestyle of their centuries.
Instead of concluding the ecological aspects of the traditional material culture of the Fergana Valley Uzbeks, the main components of material culture - as well as the first signs of human civilization, traditional clothing and human civilization in national cuisine, have a natural and geographical environment, economic lifestyle, originality and religious beliefs of different times.
References:
1. Токарев С.А. К методике этнографического изучения материальной культуры // СЭ. - 1970. -№ 4. -С.3.
2. Нозилов Д. Чиганок ичида марварид // Совет Узбекистони санъати. -Тошкент, 1981. - № 9. - Б.24.
3. Дала ёзувлари. Наманган вилояти Янгикуртан тумани Поромон кишлоги. 2011 йил.
4. Воронина В. Узбекское народное жилище // СЭ. 1949. № 2. - С. 61.
5. Каранг: В. Воронинанинг бундан ташкари яна бошка асарлари борасида каранг: Народные традиции архитектуры Узбекистана. - М., 1951. Уша муаллиф. Жилище народов Средней Азии и климат // Жилище народов Средней Азии и Казахстана. - М., 1982. - С. 48-69.
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7. Узбек халки анъанавий таомлари ва улардаги этник ва иноэтник компонентлар борасида каранг: Шаниязов К. О традиционной пище узбеков // Этнографическое изучение быта и культуры узбеков. - Ташкент, 1972. - С. 106;
8. Назаров Р. Р. Традиционная система питания населения Узбекистана и ее трансформация в XIX-XX вв // Узбекистан халкининг дини, маданияти ва урф-одатлари: тарих ва ^озирги ^олат. Илмий маколалар туплами. "Тошкент
ислом университета" нашриёт-матбаа бирлашмаси. - Тошкент. - С. 245-246.; 9. Традиционная пища как выражение этнического самосознания. - М.: Наука, 2001; Абдуллаев У. Халк, анъанавий таомларида этник ва иноэтник компонентлар // Фаргона водийсидаги этнослараро жараёнлар. - Тошкент, 2005. - Б. 122-142.
