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3SpmlmmmlmpmptfmU hmlm^mpqhp] lmnm^mplmU inqhimlnplmh фирЛЬ ni.
Uilmqjmh U U
Z'S'phфnpl[шlnplJШJp li IJiámljmqpnLpjmh фш^т^Ью] inhinbumljmh ]^ílфnpl[lшn]^llШJ]^ l inbqblminlmljmíi hmifmlimpqbp] miip]nh (Zmjmummh, bphmli)
4^nnpn2 pmntp 2pmJmrnmlmpmpnLl, gpmtfmmmlmpmptfmí lmplnpnLpjnLl, ^ршИштшЦш-pmptfmí hmlmlmpqhp, gpmtfmmmlmpmptfml hmlmlmpqhp] lmnmlmprntf, ^ршИштшЦш-pmptfml hmlmlmpqhp] tfnqh]_mlnpnLtf, gpmtfmmmlmpmptfmí h]tfím^íq]pühp:
Опыт и фундаментальные проблемы моделирования управления системами
водоснабжения
Авакян А. А.
Кафедра экономической информатики и информационных систем Факультет информатики и статистики АГЭУ (Армения, Ереван)
Резюме. Стабильное и надежное водоснабжение всегда было и остается актуальной проблемой почти всех стран, так как не всегда удается осуществить водоснабжение с минимальными затратами и потерями воды без отрицательного воздействия на окружающую среду. То есть, необходимо осуществлять оптимальное управление системами водоснабжения, и посредством экономически эффективного и сбалансированного оптимального использования ресурсов обеспечить стабильное и надежное водоснабжение. Целью статьи является представление оптимальных моделей и методов управления системами водоснабжения с выделением некоторых фундаментальных проблем управления системами. В начале рассматривается важность водоснабжения и ее взаимосвязь с экономикой. Далее представляются оптимальные модели и методы управления водоснабжением. В конце обсуждаются фундаментальные проблемы управления системами водоснабжения. Ключевые слова: водоснабжение; важность водоснабжения; системы водоснабжения; управление системами водоснабжения; моделирование систем водоснабжения; фундаментальные проблемы водоснабжения.
The Experience and Fundamental Problems of Water Supply Management
System's Modelling
Avagyan A. A.
The Chair of Economic Computer Science and Information Systems Department of Computer Science and
Statistics of ASUE (Armenia, Yerevan) [email protected]
Abstract. The sustainable and reliable water supply always was and still is an urgent problem for almost all the countries, as the least-cost supply of water with minimum water losses and negative environmental impact is not easily achievable. Thus, the water supply systems must be operated efficiently to ensure sustainable and reliable water supply through the balanced economical and optimal use of resources. The objective of the article is to present the models and methods of optimal management of water supply systems highlighting some fundamental problems of the system management. First, the importance of water supply and its interrelation with the economy are discussed. Then the optimal water supply management models and methods are presented. Finally, the fundamental problems of optimal management of water supply systems are discussed.
Keywords: water supply; importance of water supply; water supply systems; management of water supply systems; modelling of water supply systems; fundamental problems of water supply.
Sp] lmjnLÜ l hnLum^] JmrnmlmpmpnLl^ mpq]mlmí t qphph рщпр hplplhp]
hmtfmp, pml] np gp] JmrnmlmpmpnLl^ llm-qmqnLjl ф^шйишЦшй bm^uhpnl, hnum^n-pnLumlhpnl nL шпшйд 2Р2шЦш J]gmlmjp]
1рш pmgmum^ml mqqhgnLpjml n^ J]2rn t hmgnqlnLl:
Регион и мир, 2019, № 2
öp^ иШтшЦшршрт.йр1 йшрцЦшйд hш-йшр ntü^ h^q^hü^ ü ЦЬйишЦшй й2шйшЦпър-jnLü2, ^иЦ qJnLцшшüшhunLpJШü ü шрщпъйшрЬ-ршЦшй Л.ЬпйшрЦп!р]П1ййЬр^ hшüшp rnürnh-ишЦшй3:
O-njnLpjnLü ntü^ gp^ U ршрЬ-
ЦЬдпър]шй nL шйшЬишЦшй ü^gü прп2ш-Ц^ фn]ЦшщшЦg^ш&nLpJnLÜ: Прп2 hhшшqn-шnLpJnLÜühp ^£шЦшqpшЦшü йЬрЦш]шдйшйр фшuшnLÜ hü gp^ йшшшЦш-ршрйшй ü шüшhunLpJшü шшррЬр ^jnLqhp^ ü^gü Цшщ^ йши^й pU^qbh^n^, np ^ühjnL ^ршйшшшЦшршрйшй ü ишй^шшршЦшй щшJÜшüühp^ шщшhn^üшüü ühp-
qpnLUUühpp üщшuшnLÜ hü Цш^й шüшhuш-Цшй ш^^й, ^ü^hu йшй шüшhunLpJшü шшр-php ¿jnLqhpnLÜ шpшшqpnLpJшü ü шршшцр^ цшЦшünLpJшü ш^^й шщшhn^hLn^ ühpqpnLUU-ühp^ ^hpшqшpÄ.hфnLpJшü ршр&р rnhü^hp: öp^ ЦшpünpnLpJшü шüшhunLÜp Цшрпц t шцЬ-шш)^ шqqhgnLpJnLÜ nLÜhüшL шüшhunLpJшü ü шщpnLuш^ ü^gngühp^ ^рш, шцpшшnLpJШü Цр^шшйшй ü ш2]шшшшЬцЬр^ umhq&U^ü ^рш: ¿hшüшpшp шühpшdh2ш t hpüшЦшJШ-Цшй LnL^nLÜUhp npnühj 2ршйшшшЦшршрйшй hшüшЦшpqhp^ оцш^йш^ Цшпш^шрйшй, üшuüш^npшщhu gnLpü ш^Ь^ p^ ü ЦрЦйшЦ^ oqшшqnpЬhLnL nLqqnLp^üp4:
ß-hü 2ршйшшшЦшршрйшй ü gpшhhnшgü-шй hшUшqшшшu^шü &шnшJnLpJnLÜühpp шüшhuшЦшü ш^^ h^üüшЦшü nLdü hü,
ишЦш]й Цшцр5 qhnüu цшш2ш^
цьрщп^ nLunLÜüшu^pnLpjшü шühpшdh2шnL-pjnLü nLü^: 1ш щшJÜшüш^np^ш& t üpшünф np hшüшЦшpqhp^ pшphl_ш^üшü шqqhgnLp-jnLüp pünLpшqp^nLÜ t ^ü^hu pшüшЦшЦшü,
1 SpmJmrnm^mpmpJmh ^mqJm^tp^Jmh шпш2^Ь тЬцт.р]т.ЬЬЬр^ ^ши^Ь rnt и (Абрамов, 1974, стр. 6-14)
2 ¿Ьш^^Ь ршцшрш^ррпър]т.ЬЬЬрр Лкш^пр^Ь^ ЬЬ ЬЬцпи, Ьфршт, S^qp^u к ЪЬцпи qtrntp^ ш4шqшЬ-ЬЬрпЫ, ршд^ ^шппщ^Ь^ ЬЬ 2рш^шшш^шршр^шЬ
hшUш^шpqЬp, прпЬр рЬш^т.р]шЬЬ шщшЬп-ЬЬ ^шръЬ 2рш^шшш^шршр^ш^р Ьт_]Ь^и^ р2Ьш^пъ Ьшр&ш^пЫЬЬр^ ¿ш^шЬш^: ЦшЬршишиЬ шЬ и (Biswas, 1985, p. 207), (Garbrecht, 1980, pp. 308-311)
3 SЬ и (Абрамов, 1974, стр. 6)
4 SЬ и (Stockholm International Water Institute, November 2005, pp. 7-14) к (Gilquin & Uhlenbrook, 2017)
5 Ор^Ьш^ прп2 Ьр^рЬЬр^ ишрц^шфЬ qшpqшgUшЬ
^ЬцЬри^ к ^Ь^ рЬ^Ьпц Ьш^Ь^штш^шЬ
4Ьрр1ъ&т.р]шЬ шрщткрЬЬрр Ьитш^ ¿ЬЬ шртшЬш]-
тпЫ ^шщр (тЬ и (Goswami & Bisht, 2017, p. 1671)):
ш]üцhu tj npшЦшЦшü ¿шфшüfy2Ühpnф ^Ц ^hpg^üühpu n^ hü pшg^ ш]^
шqqhgnLpjnLÜühpp цш]üшüш^np^шЬ hü sh-qшüp^g ü hüшpш^np ^t püqhшüpшgühL qpшüp ш2^шph^ ^ШЦШР^ШЦП^6:
Uju^^un^ шnühLn^ mümhunLp^ü
ü 2pшüшшшЦшpшpüшü фn^ЦшцшЦg^шЬnL-pjnLüp шühpшdh2ш t oцш^üшL Цшnш^шphL 2pшüшшшЦшpшpüшü hшüшЦшpqhpp шщш-hn^hLn^ gp^ ЦшJnLÜ ü hnLuшф йшшшЦшрш-pnLÜ: 4hpg^ü^u Цшphф t hшuühL hшüшцш-шшu^шü ühpqpnLUUühp^ ^pшЦшüшдüшüp ü шшpphp ü^gngühpn^7:
öp^ üшшшЦшpшpüшü ü шüшhunLpJшü Цшцp q^шшpЦhфu шühpшdh2ш t püüшpЦhL üшü gpшJ^ü nhunLpu^ oqшшqnpЬnLÜp шüшh-unLpJшü шшpphp nLnpшühpnLÜ pшqüшц^u^ шüшhuшЦшü qnpЬnLÜhnLpJшü hшüшp:
ZшJшü^ t, np шüшhuшЦшü qnp&nLühnLp-JnLüp Цnqü^д й^ш^шЬ t шüшhuшЦшü pшp^p^ uшшgüшüp ü üцшuшnLÜ t шüшhuш-Цшü ÜJnLu Цnqü^g ШJÜ hüpшqpnLÜ t
nhunLpu^ oqшшqnpЬnLÜ, hhшüшpшp üшü pш-gшuшЦшü шqqhgnLpJnLÜ t pnqünLÜ 2PgшЦш ^рш: UJu^üpü ЦшphL^ t шuhL, np qnJnLpJnLü nLü^ hpЦpüшpшüp шüшhuшЦшü pшp^p^ uшhqЬüшü, шüшhuшЦшü ш^^ шцш-hn^üшü hшüшp püшЦшü nhunLpuühp^ oqшш-qnpЬüшü ü qpшüд цш2шpühp^ uцшnüшü ü^gü: Zhшüшpшp шühpшdh2шnLpJnLÜ t шпш-gшünLÜ цшhцшühLnL 2PgшЦш ü^gш^ШJpü nL шpqJnLÜш^hш oqшшqnpЬhLnL püшЦшü nh-unLpuühpp ü^üünLJü dшüшüшЦ шцшhn^hLn^ шüшhunLpJшü ЦшJnLÜ qшpqшдnLÜ:
UJu^üpü шühpшdh2ш t hш2^ шnühL 2pgшЦш npшЦp шüшhunLpJшü
qшpqшдüшüp qnLqшhhn, npp ЦшphL^ t ^рш-ЦшüшgühL шüшhunLpJшü qшpqшgüшü ü püш-Цшü nhunLpuühp^ шp^JnLÜш^hш oqшшqnpЬ-üшü hш2^hЦ2nnLpJшü цшpшqшJnLÜ: U^hj^ü шühpшdh2ш t hшüшL^p ünшhgnLÜ gnLgшph-phj, шnühLn^ шüшhuшЦшü, ung^шLШ-
6 Sh'u (OECD, 2011, pp. 13-34)
7 Ubgngübp 2pш^üшJnq uшppbp, 2рш^ш-фкр, gp^ ЦpЦüшЦ^ oqшшqnpЬJшü hшJшЦшpqbp, mhmh-ишЦшк qnpi^phhp qüшJ^ü pшqшpшЦшünLpJnLÜ, Ьшр-ЦшJ^ü Цшpqш4npnLJübp, pш2]üшü ünp Jb]шü^qJübp, ^üx^hu üшk ^hum^urng^n^L ФПФП]П^Р]ПЪЬЬЬР, ^h-фnpüшg^nk ü^gngkhp ü (шЬ u (OECD, 2011, pp. 8393)):
^mU U pmqmpm^mU nLnpmUhpnLJ mn^m ^Uq^pUhp^ 2P2mUm^p, Lm&JmU qnp&^pUhpU nL U^mmm^Uhpp U hmJm^p JnmhgJmU J^gn-gn^ hmJmqmmmu^mU nmqJm^m-
pnLpjnLUUhp ^mjmU qmpqmgJmU hmJmp, np^ mpqjnLUpnLJ ^pmp&pmUm UmU 2pgm^m J^gm-^mjp^ npm^p8:
¿m2^ mnUh^n^ mJpnqg m2^mphmJ gpm-Jmmm^mpmpJmU U gpmhhnmgJmU hu^mjm-^mU Jmpmmhpm^hpUhpp mUhpmdh2m t gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpqhp^ ^mjmU qmpqmgJmU hmJmp ^mnnLg^m&pmj^U U h^h-pmp^^ 2pgmUm^, npU pUqqp^mJ t hmJm-qmmmu^mU ^Uum^mnLmUhp ^mq^ ^mUnU-Uhpp phLmqph^nL hmJmp, hUpm^mnnLg^m&p-Uhp, gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU U gpmhhnmgJmU fcmnmjnLpjnLUUhp^ umhq&nLJ U m^mhn^mJ: U^h^U gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpqh-p^ ^mjmU qmpqmgnLjp ^hmp t q^mmp^hL PESTEL (pmqmpm^mU, mUmhum^mU, ung^mL-J2m^nLpmj^U, mh^U^m^mU, pUm^mh^m-Um^mU U ^pm^m^mU) 2pgmUm^mJ9:
Uju^un^ ^mpUnphLn^ gp^ Jmmm^m-pmpJmU ^hUum^mU, ung^mL-mUmhum^mU U mnnqgm^mhm^mU U2mUm^nLpjnLUp mUhpm-dh2mnLpjnLU t mnmgmUnLj m^mhn^h gp^ pnLnp u^mnnqUhp^U ^mjmU U hrnum^ Jm-mm^mpmpJmJp mnmUg 2pgm^m J^gm^mjp^ ^pm npUt pmgmum^mU mqqhgnLpjmU: Uju^U-pyU mUhpmdh2mnLpjnLU t mnmgmUnLj oqm^-JmL ^hp^n^ ^mnm^mphL gpmJmmm^mpmp-JmU U gpmhhnmgJmU hmJm^mpqhpU nL mn-hmumpm^ gpmj^U nhunLpuUhpp:
OqUnLpjmU hU qm^u JmphJmm^m^mU JnqhLUhpU nL o^m^J^qmg^nU JhpnqUhpp, npnUg^g hU q&mj^U, n^ q&mj^U, mJpnqgmp^ fcpmqpm^npnLJp, q^UmJ^ fcpmqpm^npnLJp, hm^mUm^mUmj^U JhpnqUhpp U mjLU:
SpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpqbp^ o^-m^Jm^ ^mnm^mpJmU ^nqb^UhpU m. h^JUm-^Uq^pUhpp: O-njnLpjnLU nLUhU gpmJmmm^m-pmpJmU hmJm^mpqhp^ o^m^JmL ^mnm^mp-
8 St u (UmpqujmU, 2009, tghp 5-32)
9 Sh'u (Katko & Hukka, 2015, pp. 220-222): ^ qh^' hmJmjU-pmj^U gpmJmmm^mpmpmJp gp^ mjL Uqmmm^mj^U oqmmqnpbJmU hmJhJmm mU^ npngm^^ mnmgUmhhp-pm.pjm.U, npp npn2 hp^pUhpmJ (mh u UnLjU mhqmJ, tg 218), mjq p^mJ ¿mjmummUnLJ (mh u (¿Z ophUpp ¿Z gp^ mqqmj^U bpmqp^ Jmu^U, 2006)), mJpmqp^mb t UmjU^u^ ophUpn^:
JmU mmpphp JnqhLUhp U JmphJmm^m^mU pmqJm^u^ JhpnqUhp:
IpmUg^g Jh^p ^mpUnpmJ t gp^ ^mhmU-gmp^ tJ^p^ pUnLjpp: ¿mJm^mpq^ J^gn-gn^ pmqJm^u^ nhqphu^nU JnqhLUhp^ pmnJmJp ^hpLnL&hLn^ gp^ u^mnJmU opm-^mU, mJum^mU U mmph^mU m^jmLUhpp qUm-hmm^nLJ t gp^ ^mhmUgmp^p mmpphp hqm-Um^Uhp^U nL mmpmbpUhpnLJ, npp prnjL t mm-L^u o^m^JmLmgUhL UhpqpnLJmj^U bm^uhpp, npnUp un^npmpmp ^pm^mUmg^nLJ hU gpm-Jmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpqhpnLJ mnm^h-LmqnLjU phnU^mbnLpjnLUp pm^mpmphLnL hmJmp LpmgnLg^ hqnpnLpjmU m^mhn^JmU U^mmm^n^1011:
Uh^ mjL JnqhLnLJ gpmJm^mmmpmpJmU hmJm^mpqhpp pmphLm^^nLJ hU u^mnJmU nhd^JUhp^ npn2JmJp U o^m^JmLmgJmJp: ^^mmp^hLn^ gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm-^mpqp np^hu q^UmJ^^ hmJm^mpq mUhpm-dh2m t u^mnJmU h^JmU ^pm npn2hL mmp^m mmpphp hqmUm^Uhp^U ^mhmUgmp^p U pmnhLn^ ^nJ^hp^ qmmJmU mpmqnLpjmU o^m^JmL dmJmUm^mgnLjgp12 U^mqhgUhL tLh^mpmtUhpq^mj^ U ^mh^mUJmU uhpp: ^^mmp^^nq o^m^J^qmg^nU ^pUq^pp, ^ mmpphpnLpjnLU o^m^J^qmg^nU m^mUqm-^mU JhpnqUhp^ qbmj^U, qbmj^U U q^Um-J^^ bpmqpm^npJmU, npnUp hm2^mp^mj^U hu^mjm^mU gmUphp hU ^mhmUgnLJ, LnL&^nLJ t mphhumm^mU ^UmhLh^m^ mh^UnLnq^m-Uhp^ J^gngn^13:
SpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpqhp^ 2m-hmqnp&JmU bm^uhp^ qqm|^ Jmup pmd^U t pU^UnLJ tLh^mpmtUhpq^mj^ bm^u^U, npU mnm^hLm^hu ^mjJmUm^np^mb t ^nJ^hp^ 2mhmqnpbJmU bm^uhpn^: ¿hmUmpmp ^nJ-^hp^ m2^mmmUp^ o^m^JmLmgnLJp ^hmU-qhgU^ hu^mjm^mU ^UmjnqnLpjnLUUhp^, hmm-
10 Sh u (Yamauchi & Huang, 1977, pp. 35-36)
11 ^mhmUgmp^^ JnqbLUbp^ q^mmp^JmU dmJmUm^ mUhpmdb2m t mnUhL UmU hmUqnLgmj^U hLp^ ¿2qpmJmU o^m^J^qmg^nU JhpnqnLnq^mU (mh u (Cheng & He, 2011)):
12 ^nJ^hp^ 2mhmqnpbJmU o^m^Jm^ qpm^^ npn2-JmJp gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpq^ pmphm^JmU UJmUmm^^ LnL^nLJ t q^UmJ^^ bpmqpm^npJmU ^mhpm-m^^ JhpnqUhp^g ^pnqphu^^ o^m^JmpiLpjni.Up: Sh u (Zessler & Shamir, 1989)
13 Sh u (Diniz, Fontes, Costa, Ferreira, & Santos, 2015, pp. 571-573)
Регион u Mup, 2019, № 2
^mqhu 2mhmqnpbnq ühb ^mqüm^hpqnLpjntü-ühp^ qhqpntü:, öpmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm-^mpqhpntü qnüqhp^ 2mhmqnpbümü bm^uh-p^ ü^mqümüü t ntqq^mb mqmqrn^^ npnün-qm^mü oqs^ü^qmg^nü ühpnq^ ^pmnntüp: Ujü pntjL t rnmi^u ^nqn^m^m2mpntü mn^m £ü2ntüühp^g hiühin^ qnpbmp^hL ^mü qmqm-phgühL mjü qnüqp, npp ^mpqm^np^ ^nqn-^m^m2mpntü mn^m £ü2ntüühpp, ^mqmhn^ gp^ mnm^h]_ ümsm^mpmpntü ü^mqmqnLjü bm^uhpn^14:
^nüqhp^ ^pmnntüp gpmümsm^mpmp-ümü hmüm^mpqhpntü ^mpUnp^ntü t ümU gpmümsm^mpmpümü 2mpntüm^m^münLpjmü shumü^jntü^g: Ujq mnntün^ qpm^müntpjmü ühg q^smp^ntü t h^pp^qmj^ü hnqümj^ü qnüqp npqhu hntum^ ü^gng qjntqm^mü, m^mühpA U mnmü&ümg^mb qjntqm^mü sm-pmbpühp^ müqmqmp gpmümsm^mpmpntüü mqmhn^hinL hmümp: Umuüm^npmqhu ppü-ümp^ntü t mjqq^u^ qnüqhp^ ü^gngn^ gp^ pm2^ümü q^ümü^ ünqh]_p, U hm2^mp^ntü t gpmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm^mpqntü mjqq^-u^ qnüqhp^ ühpqpümü mühpmdh2s pmüm^p pmpAp hntumL^ntpjmü gpmümsm^mpmpntü mqmhn^hinL hmümp15:
öpmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm^mpqhpntü tlhspmtühpq^mj^ bm^u^ oqs^ümi_mgntüp ^mph^ t q^smp^hL ümU hmümjüpmj^ü U mühmsm^mü gpmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm-^mpqhp^ hmühümsm^mü ^hpLntbnLpjmü ü^-gngn^_ tühpq^mj^ uqmnümü shumü^jntü^g m^h^ mpqjntüm^hs smpphpm^p np^hpL üqmsm^n^: nLunLüümu^pnLpjntüühpp gntjg hü smi^u, np h p^n^ sümj^ü süshunLpjntü-ühp ntühgnq üh^ hmümjüpmj^ü gpmümsm^m-pmpümü hmüm^mpqü ntü^ m^h^ p^ 2mhm-qnpbümü bm^uhp (tühpq^mj^ uqmnntü), pmü h sümj^ü süshunLpjntüühp npqhu
mnmü&^ü hmüm^mpqhp ü^mu^ü ^hpgpmb: U^h^ü npn2^ntü t sümj^ü süshunLpjntü-ühp^ oqs^ümL pMp, np^g u^umb qhsp t ^^pmnh^ üh^ hmümjüpmj^ü gpmümsm^m-pmpümü hmüm^mpq mnmüA^ü gpmümsm^m-pmpümü hmüm^mpqhp^ ^n^mphü16:
14 St 'u (Pezeshk & Helweg, 1996, p. 57)
15 Sh 'u (Taufik, 2007, p. 186)
16 Sh 'u (Mahmood & Ali, 2013)
Oqs^ümjmgümü mjL ünqh^ühp^g nt üh-pnqühp^g hü ümU ^mj^nnü^mj^ gpmümsm-^mpmpümü hmüm^mpq^ süshum^mü-^üdh-ühpm^mü oqs^ümjmgümü ünqh]_p17, ^ü^qhu ümU smpmbm2pgmümj^ü gpmümsm^mpmp-ümü hmüm^mpq^ oqs^ümjmgümü hmümp püqhmüpmg^mb gmügmj^ü mjqnp^püp, npp q^smp^ntü t Zmpm^mj^ü ^mj^nnü^mj^ op^üm^n^: mnüh^n^, np qbmj^ü bpmq-
pm^npümü ^ntbntüp pmpqmüntü t ühbmümu2-smp hmüm^mpqhp^ qh^pntü mnmgmp^^ntü t q^smp^h]_ qbmj^ü bpmqpm^npntüp np^hu ühp^mnntg^mb püqhmüpmg^mb gmügmj^ü ^üq^p U Lntbh^ mjü EMNET mjqnp^pü^ ü^gn-gn^: Im pnuq ^sm pmph^m^hL smpmbm-2pgmümj^ü gpmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm^mp-q^ ^mnm^mpümü ünqh^ hm2^mp^ühp^ ^pm-^mümgümü mpqjnLüm^hsnLpjntüp18:
Spmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm^mpqhp^ o^-s^üm^mgümü üh^ mj]_ ünshgntü t hm^müm-^mümj^ü ühpnqühp^ ü^gngn^ o^s^üm^mgnt-üp: mnühjn^, np gpmümsm^mpmpümü
hmüm^mpqhp^ hhsmqm qmpqmgntüp qm-hmügntü t ^mq^sm^ ühpqpntüühp^ ^pm^m-ümgntü, npp qmjümüm^np^mb t ^^ümüum-^mü ü^gngühp^ hmjpmjpümü qd^mpntpjntü-ühpn^ gpmümsm^mpmpümü ünp hüpm^m-nntg^mbpühp ^mnntgh^nL ^n^mphü gmüphp hü qnpbmqp^ntü mpqjntüm^hs oqsm-
qnpbh^nt qnjntpjntü ntühgnq hüpm^mnntg-^mbpühpp, npnüp t]_ hmüqhgüntü hü pmqm-pmj^ü gpmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm^mpqhp^ ^mnm^mpümü üqmsm^n^ qphph oqs^üm^ Lntbntüühp^ ^üspümüp: HLuntüümu^phLn^ pmqmpmj^ü gpmümsm^mpmpümü hmüm-^mpqhp^, ümuüm^npmqhu" qj^mümumj^ü ^mnntjgühp^ oqs^üm^mgntüp qhsp t mnüh^, np qj^mümumj^ü ^mnntjgühpü ntühü pmpq U hm^müm^mümj^ü püntjp: Oqs^üm-Lmgümü m^müqm^mü ünshgntüühpp qbmj^ü, n^ qbmj^ü U q^ümü^^ bpmqpm^npümü ühpnq-ühpp, ¿hü ^mpnq hmqpmhmph^ qj^mümumj^ü ühb ^mnntjgühp^ pmpq U usn^mus^^ L^üh^nt püntjpp: Uju^üp^ü mühpmdh2s t ^pmnh]_ u^üntLjmg^nü ünqhLühp Unüsh ^mnLnj^ üh-pnq^ hhs hmümshq: Genethic Algorithm (GA) U Shuffled Complex Evaluation ühpnqühp^ hm-
17 Sh 'u (Draper, Jenkins, Kirby, Lund, & Howitt, 2003)
18 Sh 'u (Sun, Yeh, Hsu, & Louie, 1995)
JhJmmm^mU ^hpLnLbnLpjmU mpqjnLUpUhpp gnLjg hU mm^u, np ¿Umjmb Shuffled Complex Evaluation Jhpnq^ mpqjnLUm^hmnLpjmU Genethic Algorithm-p qnpbUmkmUnLJ mU^ hu^mjm^mU mnm^hLnLpjnLU hm^hL^mbUhpnLJ hm2^mp^Uhp^ qnLqmhhn ^pm^mUmgJmU 2Unph^19:
SpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpqhp^ u^-Jmymg^nU JnqhLUhpp ^^pmn^mJ hU UmU mmpmbm2pgmUmj^U gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpq^ mUmhum^mU qUmhmmJmU hm-Jmp: UnmU^UmgUhLn^ gp^ ummgnLJU nL Jmp-pnLJp np^hu gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm-kmpq^ Jhk pmqmqp^, ^uk gp^ mhqm^n-^mJU nL pm2^nLJp' npqhu hpkpnpq pmqmq-pfc qfrmmpk^nLJ hU jnLpmpmU^nLp pmqmq-pfe^U mnU^nq bm^uhpp U gmUkmgmb ^mjp Jmmm^mpmp^nq gp^ bm^uhpp ^mjJmUm-^np^mJ mjq hp^nL pmqmqp^Uhp^ mUmhum-kmU qUmhmmJmJp: Unqh^ h^JpmJ pUkmb t mjU ukqpmUpp, np gp^ Jmmm^mpmpmJU nL gp^ JmppmJp U^mpmqp^mJ t ^nqn^m^Uhp^, gpmJpmpUhp^, JmppJmU ^mjmUUhp^ U h^q-pnmh^U^^m^mU mjL tLhJhUmUhp^ J^gngn^, npp JnqhLm^np^mJ t np^hu hmUqnLjg-^m^ gmUg^ J^gngn^: UjUnLhhmU gmUg^ ^hpmphp-jmL ^U^npJmg^mU ^mh^mJ t gmUgmj^U m^jmLUhp^ pmqmjnLJ, U u^Jmymg^nU Jnqh^ J^gngn^ ^pm^mUmg^mJ t gpmJmmm^mpmp-JmU hmJm^mpq^ mUmhum^mU qUmhmmnLJ20: Um^m^mgnLp U gmbpnpmk gp^ ^mjJmU-UhpnLJ gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU o^m^JmL km-nm^mpJmU U^mmm^n^ ^^pmn^mJ hU hpkm-k^ kmJ pmqJmkfr gmUghpp, npnUg
qh^pmJ hp^nL kmJ npm^Uhp^ gnLpp
Jmmm^mpmp^mJ t mmpphp gmUgh-
pn^: Uju^UpU ^m^^mb npmkfrg (^JhLnL, n^ ^JhLnL kmJ ^mjJmUm^mU JmpnLp) mnmUA.^U gmUghpn^ gnLpp Jmmm^mpmp^mJ t mmpphp pUnLjp^ u^mnJmU U^mmm^n^ ^Jh-LnL, nnnqJmU U mjLU: ¿m2^ mnUhLn^ ^JhLnL npmkfr U^mmJmJp m^nq ^mhmUgmpkp U gpmj^U nhunLpuUhp^ um^m^nLpjmUp, ^U^hu UmU qjnLqmmUmhunLpjmU Jhg p^J^^mmUhp^ LmjUnphU kfrpmnmJp, npnUp Uhppm^mUghLn^ gpmj^U nhunLpuUhp^ Jhg mqmnmnLJ hU mjU um^m^mgnLp U gp^ ^mm npmk nLUhgnq ^mj-
phpnLJ ^JhLnL npm^U hmJmqmmmu^mU gpn^ m^mhn^hLp qmnUnLJ t nL
qd^mp: ¿hmUmpmp, gpmj^U nhunLpuUhp^ ^mh^mUJmU U o^m^JmL oqmmqnpbJmU mhumU^jmU^g ^mpUnp^mJ t gp^ ^p^Um^^ oqmmqnpbnLJp gp^ ^mnm^mpJmU hpkmpm-dmJ^hm mmUUhpmJ:
Ujq U^mmm^n^ mUhpmdh2m t q^mmp^hL ^JhLnL, ^mjJmUm^mU JmpnLp U n^ ^JhLnL npmkfr mqpjnLpUhp U hpkmkfr kmJ pmqJmkfr gmUghp nLUhgnq pmqmpmj^U gpm-Jmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm^mpqhp^ JnqhLUhp ^pm^mUmgUhLn^ mjq^u^ gpmJmmm^mpmp-JmU hmJm^mpqhp^ mh^U^^m^mU U mUmh-um^mU ^hpLnLbnLpjnLU: HLunLJUmu^phLn^ gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hp^m^ hmJm^mpq^ ^^pmnmJp qnjnLpjnLU nLUhgnq U Unp ^mnnLg-^nq hmJm^mpq^ qh^prnJ mpqjnLUfUhpp gnLjg hU mm)^u, np op^Um^ hmJmjUpmj^U mmpphp U^mmm^Uhpn^ gp^ oqmmqnpbJmU hmJmp gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hp^m^^ hmJm-^mpqhp^ ^^pmnJmU qh^prnJ pmpA.p npm^ gnLp nLUhUmLnL bm^uhpp ^U^mqhU, pmU^ np pmp^p npm^^ gp^ ^mhmUgp p^^ kl^U^:
^hUgmqmj^U u^mnJmU JjnLu Jmup ^mUgU^ ummUqmpm npm^ JmppmJ (n^ mjUpmU pmp^p ^U^pmU ^JhLnLUU t) U mnmU^^U pm2-^^^ gmUgn^ ^oqmmqnpb^^ hmJmjUp^ mjL ^mp^pUhp^ pm^mpmpJmU hmJmp21:
SpmJmmm^mpmpJmU U gpmhhnmgJmU hp^m^^ hmJm^mpqhp^ o^m^JmLmgJmU U^mmm^n^ ^^pmn^mJ t UmU ^Umhqpmg^mb qbmj^U qhmhpJ^U^um^k o^m^J^qmg^nU JnqhLp gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU, ^hqmmgphp^ hhnmgJmU U oqmmqnpbJmU mmpphpm^Uhp^ bm^uhp^ U^mqmqnLjU ^mnnLg^mbpp npn2hLnL hmJmp: ^mph^ t muhL, np mnmgmp^^nq JnqhLp qfrmmpk^hL t gpmj^U nhunLpu^ hmJm-^mp^m^ ^mnm^mpJmU hmJmmhpumnLJ hm2^^ mnUhLn^ gp^ mUmpn^nqhU nqg g^^Lp gp^ Jmmm^mpmpJmU, ^mhmUgmp^^, ^hq-mmgphp^ hhnmgJmU U oqmmqnpbJmU J^m-^npnLJp22:
UJ^n^hLn^ gpmJmmm^mpmpJmU hmJm-^mpqhp^ o^m^JmL ^mnm^mpJmU hmJmp k^pmn^nq JmphJmm^^m^mU JnqhLUhpp nL JhpnqUhp^ ^hpmphpjmL q^mmpk^mb qpmkm-
19 Sk 'u (Cui & Kuczera, 2003)
20 Sh 'u (Clark & Males, 1986)
21 Sh 'u (Deb & Evans, 1980)
22 Sh 'u (Ray, Kirshen, & Vogel, 2010, p. 44)
Регион и мир, 2019, № 2
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• И^ршдЬ2т t ühpqpntüühp^ йф^пдп^ ршрЬ]ш^Ь1_ ^ршйшшшЦшршрйшй U 2pшhh-пшдйшй hшüшЦшpqhpp, npp Цйцшиш^ hш-ü^^pqhpnLtf шпЦш ^üq^pühp^ pL^û^Up hшüqhgühLn^ шйшЬипгр]шй qшpqшgüшüp:
• Чшрипр t рййшрЦЬ^ йши ^ршйшшш-Цшршрйшй pшqüшЦ^ hшüшЦшpqhp^ U gp^ ЦрЦйшЦ^ oqшшqnpЬüшü шшpphpшЦühpp прцЬи ^ршйшшшЦшршрйшй hшüшЦшpqh-р^ ^qü^^p^ü^U U Цшпш^шрйшй шд-pümpшüpшфü A-Uhp:
ЧЬрпй2]ш^ ^Uq^pUhp^ пъипъййши^рпър-]шй, ^hppLfcnLp^U nL ^пгЬпъййЬр^ й2шЦйшй йцшшшЦп^ ш^ршдЬ2т t Ц^ршпЬ^ шйшЬиш-йшрЬйшш^ЦшЦшй ühpnqUhp U qnp&^phhp, йшийш^пршцЬи оцш^йш^ Цшпш^шрйшй
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Oqmmqnp&^mi qpm^müntpjmü gmh^
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benefits-of-improved-water-management-and-services/
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20. Zessler, U., & Shamir, U. (1989, November). Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 115(6), 735-752. Retrieved March 2017
21. Абрамов, Н. (1974). Водоснабжение (изд. 2-е, переработанное и дополненное). Москва: Стройиздат.
22. ZZ optUpp ZZ pp] mqqm]]U fcpmqp] ímu]U. (27 ■bnjttfptp, 2006). гшц1шЬ 30.
23. UmpqujmU, Ч. (2009). Сррш^ш ifipmilmjp] щшhщшUnLp]шU li pUml¡mU nbumpuUbp] oqmmqnpbiímU uipqjniUiuilbin lmniui[mplmU h]iíUvu]uUi}]pUbpp ZtujmuinmU] ZшUpшщblnmp■JnLUmlf. fcplmU.
