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UDC 619:616
THE EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF ANTHRAX IN MONGOLIA
Badmaeva O.B., Assistant Professor Bayanzhargal B., Post-graduate student Tsydypov V.C., Professor
Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Russia E-mail: badmaeva07@mail.ru, cidipovv.c.@yandex.ru
ABSTRACT
The results of the analysis of livestock anthrax spread in Mongolia for 2003-2012 are presented in article. Anthrax is registered in the country every year among farm animals. The most wide anthrax spread was noted in 2004-2009. During the study period, there was registered 337 anthrax troubled points, the largest number - 204 points or 60.52% revealed in the Hangai buus region. In Hovsgol aimak of the given region infection was observed in 136 points, which amount 40.35% of the total. Anthrax is not registered in the Bayan-Olgiy, Gov-Sumber, Dornogov’, Omnogov’ aimaks of the country with dry and hot climate. Few cases of animal disease occur in Orkhon, Darkhan-Uul, Sukhbaatar, Tov aimaks.
KEY WORDS
Mongolia; Aimak; Anthrax; Livestock animals; Troubled point; Amount.
Anthrax is especially dangerous infectious disease. In Mongolia, large and small cattle sick more often [1]. Favorable climatic and soil factors, biological characteristics of anthrax creating environmental conditions for the existence of soil infection foci [4].
Traditional and main branch of Mongolia agriculture is livestock farming, which based on the nomadic and seminomadic method of farming [6].
According to the veterinary service and aimak laboratories, in 1974 anthrax was observed during the year in Mongolia, the highest number of cases recorded in the spring and summer months. Infection was detected in 32 somons of 12 aimaks of the country, 563 animals got sick 399 of which have fallen. Hubsgul aimak was the most affected by anthrax, 11 troubled somons were registered, 155 animals got sick, 110 of which has fallen [5].
In recent years, the trend of sustainable reducing the number of somons affected with anthrax in Mongolia is observed, but the number of outbreaks, number of disease cases and mortality are increasing [2].
Purpose of study: to determine the spreading of anthrax among agricultural animals in aimaks and regions of Mongolia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The work was carried at the Microbiology, Virology and Veterinary Sanitary Inspection Department of Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Buryat State Agriculture Academy by V.R.Philippov» and in the Central Veterinary Laboratory of Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia. Data obtained as the result of epizootic anthrax animal monitoring, data reporting Veterinary Office of Mongolia for 2003-2012 has been analyzed and subjected to statistical and linear-graphical analysis.
RESULTS OF STUDY
Fighting the infectious diseases of animals is one of the main tasks in the veterinary practice in Mongolia. Environmental conditions ensure the preservation of anthrax outbreaks and facilitate the spread of spores in the significant space of forest-steppe and steppe zones of Mongolia, and new dangerous areas for grazing are created, especially for non-vaccinated animals.
Anthrax among farm animals registered in the country every year. The most widespread anthrax noted in 2004-2009 years (Table 1).
Table 1 - Number of troubled points by anthrax of animals in Mongolia
Region Aimak Year Total for 10 years The lowest proportion, %
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total 21 57 67 38 29 37 37 15 15 21 337 100
Ulaanbaatar 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 5 1,49
Baruun buus Bayan- Olgiy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gov-Altai 0 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 20 5,94
Zavkhan 5 5 5 1 2 0 1 0 1 4 24 7,13
Uvs 0 4 1 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 12 3,56
Khovd 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 8 2,38
By region 5 25 9 3 5 3 3 3 2 6 64 20,5
Hangayn buus Arhangai 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0,89
Bajanhangaj 4 0 3 4 4 2 0 0 0 2 19 5,63
Bulgan 0 3 2 3 4 3 0 0 2 1 18 5,34
Orkhon 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0,89
Ovorhangaj 3 2 11 0 1 3 1 3 1 0 25 7,42
Hovsgol 9 9 21 19 9 19 28 3 8 11 136 40,35
By region 16 14 40 29 18 27 29 6 11 14 204 60,52
Toviyn buus Gov- Sumber 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Darkhan- Uul 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0,3
Dornogov’ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dundgov’ 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 4 1,18
Omnogov’ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Selenge 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 6 0 0 10 2,97
Tov 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 4 1,18
By region 0 3 0 2 0 3 3 6 2 0 19 5,63
Zuun buus Dornod 0 8 8 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 18 5,34
Suhbaatar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hentij 0 5 10 4 4 2 2 0 0 0 27 8,01
By region 0 13 18 4 5 3 2 0 0 0 45 13,35
Anthrax is not registered in the Bayan-Olgiy, Gov-Sumber, Dornogov and Omnogov aimaks of the country with dry and hot climate. Few cases of animal disease occur in Orkhon, Darkhan-Uul, Sukhbaatar, Tov aimaks, due to the higher than in other aimaks levels of animals’ vaccination coverage. During the study period, there was registered 337 anthrax troubled points, the largest number - 204 points or 60.52% revealed in the Hangai buus region. In Hovsgol aimak of the given region infection was observed in 136 points, which amount 40.35% of the total. Widespread of anthrax observed in Khentii (27 points), Ovorhangay (25), Zavkhan (24) aimaks. Central Region (Toviyn buus) on the territory of which for 10 years registered 19 troubled points or 5.63% of the total holds the lowest proportion.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Anthrax registered in Mongolia every year during 2003-2012 representing a serious threat to animals and public.
2. In the Bayan-Olgiy Gov-Sumber Dornogov' Omnogov' aimaks with dry and hot climate, anthrax among animals is not marked.
3. Over the past 10 years, in the country registered 337 troubled points by anthrax, 40.35% of which are found in the Hovsgol aimak of Khangai buus region.
REFERENCES
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3. Epizootiology and infectious diseases / Ed. A.A. Konopatkin. - Moscow: Kolos, 1993. -pp. 76 - 82.
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5. Rygzynova, O.B. Epizootiological, bacteriological and serological monitoring of the valleys of the Selenga River (Mongolia and Buryatia) / Diss.... PhD of veterinary sciences. - Blagoveshchensk, 2000.
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