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12ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
THE ENGLISH WORD "KIDS" IN GERMAN LEXICOGRAPHY
Pazylov E.A.
Pazylov Elyor Abduvayit ugli - Student, DEPARTMENT ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, GULISTANSTATE UNIVERSITY, GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the following article is devoted to study the word "kids" in German which is originated from English. Also we have studied several meanings and variations of usage the word "kids" in German lexicology and vocabulary based on comparison with English lexicology and vocabulary usage.
Keywords: lexicography, media, individual, impact, dominance.
UDK 81
Even though German has been in contact with English for centuries, the impact of English on German and other European languages became stronger in the second half of the 20th century. With the advent of new media such as the Internet and with the dominance of English in domains such as advertising and computing this influence has become especially pervasive since the 1990s. Nowadays some social groups, such as youngsters and advertising agencies, quite purposefully draw on Anglicism or on code-mixing and -switching to distance themselves from others or to capture the attention of potential customers.
In consequence many language users feel rather disconcerted about the use of Anglicisms in the media, because they have difficulty in understanding them, feel excluded from discourse in certain domains, or may have objections on principle to cultural and linguistic "Americanisation".
The increasing use of Anglicism is often negatively labeled as Deng lisch, Germang, Engleutsch, Neudeutsch, McGermish, or BSE. According to observations of scientists, Denglisch seems to be the term used most often. The term is modeled on the precedent of Franglais used by Rene Etiemble as early as 1964. The blending of etymologically heterogeneous word material is to suggest the pending danger of a 'pidginisation' of German. The term McGermish implies a linguistic 'McDonaldisation' of German, and BSE is a transferred use of the acronym bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly known as mad-cow disease, in the sense of Bad Simple English as in the following example:
Save the Denglish-Engleutsch! Kennen Sie BSE? Namlich Bad Simple English? Ein Rindvieh freilich, wer's im Deutschen spricht - und dabei so man- chen Anglizismus wiederkaut: Wir talken, shoppen, nehmen's easy.
By contrast, in his study, Bar is of the opinion that words such as Kids can be used deliberately to express a particular attitude towards life as in the following concocted example:
'Ich muss nur eben noch schnell die Kids ins Bett bringen und mein Handy catchen, dann sind wir weg, okay?' Wer so redet, mochte jugendlich, dyna- misch, zeitgemafi (trendy,) und weltlaufig wirken [1, p. 114].
Negative attitudes towards the use or abuse of individual words are often voiced in letters to the editor or in special columns of newspapers and journals.
In order to scrutinise the prevailing attitudes of Germans towards their mother tongue, the Institut fur deutsche Sprache in Mannheim carried out a representative opinion poll. One question asked was whether present-day German had undergone a great number of lexical changes over the last five to ten years or not. Almost 60 % of the participants were of the opinion that (very) many changes had taken place
Among the many changes, words borrowed from English feature prominently. All in all,
Anglicisms were mentioned 182 times (75 times in West Germany and 107 times in East Germany). Out of the 29 items criticised individually, there are no less than 20 Anglicisms. In order of declining frequency these were: cool, Kids (instead of Kinder), okay/o.k., Team, in, out, Internet, Shopping/shoppen, mega-(gut, in/out...), Handy, hallo (as a greeting), relaxen/relaxed, Elchtest, managenlManager/Management, Mobbing, Peanuts, Shop (instead of Geschaft, Laden), City, Job (instead of Arbeit) and Power. In addition, several other words of English origin were mentioned, but occurred only once [2, p. 77].
Given this background of diverging and even disquieting attitudes towards the impact of English on present-day German word stock it seems all the more interesting to investigate how lexicographers deal with this problem at the level of the individual word. Since the word Kids was high on the agenda of reprehensible Anglicism, its treatment in selected German dictionaries will be highlighted by taking a look at how dictionaries of Anglicism, foreign word dictionaries, learners' dictionaries and general dictionaries handle the case.
References
1. Duden. Das grofie Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 10 Bande auf CD-ROM, 2000. Mannheim: Bibliographisch.es Institut.
2. Duden. Deutsches Universalworterbuch. 1989, 2003. Herausgegeben und bearbeitet vom Wissenschaftlichen Rat und den Mitarbeitern der Dudenredaktion. Mannheim: Dudenverlag, 2nd and 5th edition.
3. Bazarova L.B. Sovremenny'e informatsionny'e texnologii v protsesse formirovaniya leksicheskix navo'kov na urokax angliyskogo yazo'ka // Nauka, obrazovanie i kultura. № 4 (19), 2017. S. 50-52.
4. Mamatkulova B.R. Kontsept «ognya» i protsess ego izucheniya v istorii // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 39.
5. Bаzаrova L.B. Learning foreign language through reading // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 40.
6. Rahmonova K.T. Self study is a discovery of effective language learning strategy // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 42.
ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ - СЕМИОТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА «ВТОРОГО ПОРЯДКА» Пазылов Э.А.
Пазылов Элёр Абдувахидович - студент, кафедра английского языка и литературы, факультет иностранных языков, Гулистанский государственный университет, г. Гулистан, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: статья посвящена вопросам терминологии и терминоведения. Рассматриваются различные подходы ученых к решению теоретических проблем теории термина. Указаны признаки, отличающие слово литературного языка от термина, функционирующего в так называемом языке для специальных целей. Обозначаются механизмы семантического перехода от общего к специальному. Ключевые слова: термин, терминология, терминосистема, терминоведение, дефиниция.
Слово терминология происходит от лат. terminus - «термин, предел, граница, конец» и др.-греч. logos - «слово, наука, учение». Этимология данной лексемы указывает на то, что терминология является конечной стадией осмысления человеком себя, умозрительной гипотезы, окружающего мира и прочих реальных или мыслимых
