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Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv
original article I UDC 638.1:636.084.4:577.152.34 | doi: 10.32718/ujvas3-1.06
Volume 3 Number 1
The effectiveness of using protein mixed feed in feeding honey bees
V. M. Nedashkivskyi1, H. V. Hutsol2
1Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Soborna pl. 8/1, Bila Tserkva, 09117, Ukraine 2Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Sunny str., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine
Article info Received 03.01.2020 Received in revised form
04.03.2020 Accepted 05.03.2020
Correspondence author Volodymyr Nedashkivskyi Tel: +38-097-153-30-53 E-mail: [email protected]
2020 Nedashkivskyi V. et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Contents
1. Introduction................. .. 34
2. Materials and methods .... .. 35
3. Results and discussion .... .. 35
4. Conclusions................ .. 36
References ....... .. 36
Abstract
The study of effectiveness of the use of protein feeding bees was carried out in the conditions of the apiary ALLC "Volodymyr" in village Shershni Tyvriv district of Vinnytsia oblast. According to the principle of analogous groups were selected bee colonies for the formation of experimental groups. Protein feed was moistened with 50% sugar syrup and filled in the honeycomb. According to the experimental scheme during the preparatory period the bee colonies of the experimental groups II, III and IV were fed a feed mixture in an amount of 25 g per day. According to the experimental scheme during the main period bee colonies were fed a feed mixture of 70 g per day. Accounting of bees brood on the set dates was carried out at the expense of a grid frame every 12 days. Commercial honey was determined by weighing after pumping from each bee colonies separately. Forage honey was determined by weighing the honeycomb and then subtracting the conditional mass of the honeycomb. During the experimental Ukrainian breed bee colonies were involved which they were kept in long hive. Care and maintenance for bee colonies were the same. It was studied the effectiveness of using combined protein feeds in bee feeding. It is proved that in the spring during the harvesting honey use protein feeds (defatted soya flour with soy peptides and pollen) for feeding bees has a positive effect on the brood rearing by bee colonies and the production of honey and wax in the following sequence: defatted soya flour and pollen (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour and soy peptides (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour (100 %).
Key words: beekeeping, nectariferous plant, defatted soya flour, soy peptides, comb capping, comb foundation, brood rearing.
Citation:
Nedashkivskyi, V. M., & Hutsol, H. V. (2020). The effectiveness of using protein mixed feed in feeding honey bees. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 3(1), 34-37.
v-s
1. Introduction
In Ukraine beekeeping is one of the leading branches of animal husbandry. During the last period of formation of
agricultural production, a significant number of industries have limited their production capacity due to a significant reduction of resources. Despite the critical situation in the agricultural sector, the beekeeping industry not only hasn't reduced its capacity but on the contrary increased the gross production of medicinal and high-performance products. Although mainly at the expense of the private sector (Taranov, 1987; Polishhuk, & Gajdar, 2008; Drujbiak et al., 2017; Vishchur et al., 2019).
However, today the beekeeping industry is affected from negative natural and climatic factors a high level of chemicalization and institutional economic uncertainty (Ponomar'ova, 1980; Lazarjeva et al., 2017; Jefimenko, 2018).
An increase in the ambient temperature on the background of reduced precipitation, an uncontrolled decrease in
nectariferous plant in the conditions of forest lands, chemical protection from pests and weeds of plants and the lack of State protection in the field of beekeeping significantly inhibit its development (Polishhuk, 1975; Razanov et al., 2010; Kosicyn, 2012; Kovalskyi et al., 2018). One of the most significant factors that affects the livelihoods bees and making their products is providing them with sufficient feed (Taranov, 1986; Vishchur et al., 2016; Gucol et al., 2017; Kovalchuk et al., 2019). Therefore, it is known that during the year one bee colony consumes up to 80 kg of carbohydrate and up to 20 kg of protein feed. Insufficient provision of carbohydrate and protein feed to bees negatively affects on their livelihoods and on the amount of products produced. In particular, under these conditions there is a decrease in the development of bee colonies which leads to a decrease in their production of honey, wax, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly and another products. At the same time, it is necessary to note the significant departure as bees and bee colonies in winter and the low pollination efficiency (Fedoruk & Romaniv, 2013; Jagich & Losjev, 2020). As a
result the economic efficiency of the beekeeping industry is reduced. It is known that the level feed supply of bee is largely depends on the capacity of the honey-bearing base (Kosicyn, 2010). In the forest-steppe the honey-bearing base is characterized by one that it is incomplete provide bees feed due to the high ploughing of land up to 80 %, especially in the early spring and autumn periods (Komisar, 2005; Jefimenko, 2018).
Consequently, in early spring and at the end of the summer period the intensity of providing bees with high-quality feed is reduced which delays the development of bee families, reduces their productivity and economic efficiency (Verygin, 2010).
Under these conditions, there is a need to restore bee feed stocks with various substitutes for flower feed (Taranov, 1986; Polishhuk, & Gajdar, 2008; Dobrovs'k, 2017).
Table 1
Research Scheme
2. Materials and methods
The study of effectiveness of the use of protein feeding bees was carried out in the conditions of the apiary ALLC "Volodymyr" in village Shershni Tyvriv district of Vinnytsia oblast.
According to the principle of analogous groups were selected bee colonies for the formation of experimental groups.
During the experimental Ukrainian breed bee colonies were involved which they were kept in long hive. Care and maintenance for bee colonies were the same.
The experimental was carried out according to the scheme shown in table 1.
The experimental groups of bee colonies
Number of bees colonies in a group
Features of the period of preparation
Features of the main period
duration, days
feed ingredients
duration, days
feed ingredients
I control group 10
II experimental group 10
III experimental group 10
IV experimental group 10
without feeding 100 % defatted soya flour 50 % defatted soya flour +
50 % soy peptides 50 % defatted soya flour + 50 % bees pollen pellet
10 10
10 10
without feeding 100 % defatted soya flour 50 % defatted soya flour +
50 % soy peptides 50 % defatted soya flour + 50 % bees pollen pellet
Protein feed was moistened with 50% sugar syrup and filled in the honeycomb. According to the experimental scheme during the preparatory period the bee colonies of the experimental groups II, III and IV were fed a feed mixture in an amount of 25 g per day. According to the experimental scheme during the main period bee colonies were fed a feed mixture of 70 g per day.
Accounting of bees brood on the set dates was carried out at the expense of a grid frame every 12 days.
Commercial honey was determined by weighing after pumping from each bee colonies separately. Forage honey was determined by weighing the honeycomb and then subtracting the conditional mass of the honeycomb.
Table 2
For the experimental period the brood reared by bee families, cm2
Determination of wax production by bee families was carried out by weighing the melted honeycomb capping wax from each bee colony separately. Due to the wax production to the reconstruction of comb foundation is determined by counting the number of drawn out honeycombs from comb foundation given that bees produce 70 g of wax for each restored comb foundation frame of 435*300 mm.
3. Results and discussion
Experimental results on the effect of protein substitutes on the intensity of brood rearing showed different efficiency (Table. 2).
The bee colonies in Number of bee Average number of brood reared for the group on the following dates
the experimental groups colonies in the group 20.03 1.04 13.04 25.04 6.05 18.05 30.05 average for reference period
I control group 10 1273 1378 1610 2010 3710 4978 5012 2995
II experimental 10 1250 ± 1470 ± 1730 ± 2180 ± 3970 ± 5470 ± 5421 ± 3213
group 102 94 107 104 121 118 121
III experimental 10 1237 ± 1930 ± 2430 ± 2570 ± 4535 ± 6341 ± 7345 ± 3769
group 112 102 87 103 101 121 113
IV experimental 10 1261 ± 2070 ± 2560 ± 2950 ± 5170 ± 7250 ± 7932 ± 4164
group 112 105 108 97 117 111 118
In particular, it was found that in compared to their counterparts in the control group the bee colonies of the second, third and fourth experimental groups reared more brood on the first date by 6.5 %, 40.0 and 50.2 %,on the third date by 7.4 %, 50.1 and 57.0 %, on the fourth date by
8.4 %, 27.8 and 46.7 %, on the fifth date by 7.0 %, 22.2 and 39.3 %, on the sixth date by 98 %, 27.3 and 44.8 %, on the seventh date by 6.8 %, 22.1 and 31.9 %.
The average for the experimental period, bee colonies of the second experimental group fed defatted soya flour reared
of 7.2 % more brood in compared to bee colonies of the control group. In compared to the control group when we used defatted soya flour and soy peptides for feeding bees of the third experimental group was observed to increase in brood rearing by 25.8 % and for feeding defatted soya flour and flower pollen increased by 39.0 %.
Consequently, in the spring during the harvesting honey the bees are feeding with defatted soya flour and pollen that most contributed to the increase in brood rearing in
comparison with feeding the bees of defatted soya flour and soy peptides and with feeding defatted soya flour.
Feeding bees with protein substitutes had a positive effect on their honey productivity (Table 3). Thus, the bee colonies of the second experimental group produced commercial and forage honey by 6.0 and 5.2 %, the third experimental group by 12.1 and 52.6 % and the fourth experimental group by 21.2 and 57.8 % more, in compared to their counterparts in the control group.
Table 3
Productivity of Honey Bee Colonies
The experimental groups of Number of bee colonies bee in the group Honey production, kg
commercial honey forage honey gross honey
I control group 10 16.5 ± 1.4 9.5 ± 0.4 26.0
II experimental group 10 17.5 ± 1.2 9.0 ± 0.7 26.5
III experimental group 10 18.5 ± 1.3 14.5 ± 1.2 33.0
IV experimental group 10 20.0 ± 1.0 15.0 ± 1.4 35.0
The bee colonies of II, III and IV experimental groups produced more gross honey by 19.0 %, 26.9 and 34.6 % in compared to their counterparts in the control group.
Analyzing the beeswax productivity, it should be noted that the bee colonies of II, III and IV experimental groups
Table 4
Wax productivity of bee colonies, on average of groups
produced more beeswax due to the honey comb capping by 2.4 % 13.2 and 16.5 %, and due to reconstruction of comb foundation by 21.4 % 39.6 and 38.2 % in compared to their counterparts of the control group (Table 4).
„. Number of bee Production of beeswax at the expense of the
The experimental groups , . . --—-7-,-
or- colonies in the . . reconstruction of comb ,
of bee honey comb capping _ , gross production
group___ 0_foundation 0 r
I control group 10 121 ± 17 280 ± 12 401
II experimental group 10 124 ± 21 340 ± 17 464
III experimental group 10 137 ± 16 391 ± 15 528
IV experimental group 10 141 ± 11 387 ± 13 528
The gross beeswax production by bee colonies of II experimental group was higher by 15.7 %, the III - by 31.6 and the IV - by 31.9 % in compared to the control group.
4. Conclusions
The use of combined protein feeds (defatted soya flour with soy peptone and pollen) for feeding bees in the spring during the harvesting honey has a positive effect on the brood rearing by bee colonies and the production of honey and wax in the following sequence: sequence: defatted soya flour and pollen (50 % + 50 %), defatted soya flour and soy peptides (50 % + 50 %), defatted soya flour (100 %).
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