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THE EFFECT OF POLLUTIUON TO THE NATURE Atadzhanova M.K. (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: [email protected]
Atadzhanova Muhayyo Komilovna - Student, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, URGЕNCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGЕNCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: do you know that waste can have an adverse effect on the ozone layer directly? For example, the aerosol containers we use (air purifier, dezodondate, etc.) contain ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere. Experts say that the ozone depletion causes cancer in humans. Waste recycling is partly a solution to this problem. However, one or two people cannot do that. This issue should be in the public domain. Unfortunately, most people consider the products made of recycled waste as dangerous to the health of people. The formation of such misconceptions does not prevent the recycling of waste. The role of the media in this area is significant.
Keywords: environment, pollution, ozone layer, changes.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ НА ПРИРОДУ Атаджанова М.К. (Республика Узбекистан)
Атаджанова Мухайо Комиловна - студент, кафедра экологии и безопасности жизни, факультет естественных наук, Ургенчский государственный университет, г. Ургенч, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: знаете ли вы, что отходы могут оказывать неблагоприятное воздействие на озоновый слой напрямую? Например, используемые нами аэрозольные контейнеры (освежитель воздуха, дезодорант и т.д.) содержат озоноразрушающие вещества в стратосфере. Эксперты говорят, что истощение озонового слоя вызывает рак у людей. Переработка отходов является частично решением этой проблемы. Однако один или два человека не могут этого сделать. Этот вопрос должен быть в открытом доступе. К сожалению, большинство людей считают продукты из переработанных отходов опасными для здоровья людей. Формирование таких заблуждений не мешает утилизации отходов. Роль СМИ в этой области значительна.
Ключевые слова: окружающая среда, загрязнение, озоновый слой, изменения.
It is worth noting that over the past few years, 45% of human life-threatening wastes from home-made goods. These include batteries, paints, oils and dyes, pesticides, phosphorus elements, fluorescent lamps and so on. Such waste thrown into the flood contaminates groundwater and endangers human health.
An old problem. According to a book by the historian Ercole Sorin, "The Age of Ladies," an Italian professor at Ankona University, by the 19th century, the Europeans began to throw their wastes away. The streets of major cities such as London, Paris, were full of rubbish. As a result, rats and various infectious diseases appeared after them. In Europe, the plague began to spread. As a result of emissions of polluted groundwater, other infectious diseases also began to spread rapidly.
The first oven burners were built in 1874 in the Nottingham County, England. Other countries have begun to experiment with it soon. However, most cities gave up them, because smoke from the furnace made the air polluted.
At the same time, in many cities of the world pollution of unprocessed waste is exhausted. In 1984, the United States announced a contest for monitoring the movement of
methane gas released from the waste management of the US city of Chicago. Currently, methane emitted by pipelines from the underground dumps is used for fuel, and in special furnaces it is converted to biogas. There are currently 40 stations in the United States. Only 5 million cubic meters of gas is extracted daily from Staten-Ay Land, and then sold to the Brooklyn Gas Company. With this amount of gas 50,000 houses can be heated up. In addition, the work on the construction of power stations, which is working on waste burning, is becoming more and more popular.
However, the problem is different. The gas contained in these power plants contains chlorine. When they are released into the air, they mix with dioxins that are chemical compounds. Dioxins are very toxic, cause skin diseases and weaken immunity. There is another problem. The problem of finding a place to waste in big cities is becoming a problem.
Experts point out that household wastes are cheap raw materials all over the world. The experience of developed countries shows that 85% of waste can be processed. In some countries, a separate waste collection system is established. As a result, most of the paper, plastic, aluminum products are sent for recycling. This process has a positive impact on economics. Waste recycling significantly reduces energy and raw materials.
According to statistical data, 34% of rubber and cable products in Japan, 43% of glassware, 54% of paper and cardboard waste are recycled. The Chinese experience is even more surprising. They receive 33% of metal, such as aluminum, iron or copper, 34% of wool, silk and leather accessories, from different waste recycling.
Electronic waste- a new ecological problem. The development of science and technology has created a new type of waste, which is causing serious damage to the environment - electronic waste. In Switzerland, a law was passed in 1998 that prohibits the disposal of electronic waste in the normal household waste.
Older models of mobile phones, computers, printers, and cameras come out of their hands. In China alone, 500,000 tones of freezers, 1.3 million tones of TVs and 300,000 tones of computers are missing every year.
80 percent of the US and 75 percent of the European Union's waste are sold to developing countries. Due to the fact that the toxic substances in them are thrown into common dumps, soil and water interferes with many living organisms, including the human body, and causes diseases. According to experts, in 2015, 48.9 million tons of electronic waste were removed from the Earth.
The waste contains hazardous compounds. There are 4 pounds of lead on each computer monitor and TV set. There are also heavy metals of up to 70% mercury and cadmium. The lead produces a cadmium lung if the nervous system and kidneys are adversely affected. Liquid crystal monitors are covered with mercury dashboards. In addition, the chromium, lithium and hydrocarbons in them cause serious environmental damage.
At the same time, our country has also started processing paper, metal and plastic. In 2002, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Waste" was adopted and the main objective of which is to minimize the waste and life of the population, harmful effects of environmental pollution, and their rational use in economic activities. Also, as specially authorized state bodies in the field of waste management, the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, agency was established. Given today's requirements, some specific legal requirements for waste recycling and disposal are to be further improved. In particular, it is planned to further expand the competence of specially authorized state bodies in the field of waste disposal, disinfect and reuse the production and consumption waste, create favorable conditions for entrepreneurship in these issues, it is necessary to introduce the norms envisaging extensive involvement. Also, it is necessary to introduce specific provisions aimed at the introduction of technology without inconsistent law, encouraging waste recycling.
The problem of wastewater problem solves the problems of producers in the production of their products at the points of sale, reducing the number of waste recycling enterprises, installing equipment for the production of biogas in rural areas, as well as enhancing the ecological culture of the population, eliminating pollution and targeted recycling. The increase in the production of only one biogas saves the environment from contamination and solves the problem of gas supply to the population at the local level.
References / Список литературы
1. "Pollution - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
2. Beil Laura. 15 November, 2017. "Pollution killed 9 million people in 2015". Sciencenews.org. Retrieved 1 December, 2017.
