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Akhmedov R.I. assistant
Department of "Farming and Forest Reclamation" Andijan Institute of Agricultural Agro-Technology
THE EFFECT OF GROUND WATERS ON THE ECOLOGY
Annotation. This article provides scientific information on the ecological status of ground water on the surface of the earth and the work that should be done on cleaning ground water and using it for drinking and irrigation of agricultural land.
Key words: ground water, crust, polluted water, porous rocks, disease-spreading bacteria, mechanical composition, diarrhea, filtration.
Introduction. The water located between the porous rocks on the surface of the earth's crust is called ground water. Groundwater differs from surface water in that it is spread over large areas and is located on an impermeable layer.
One of the main directions of the transformation of plant communities in natural conditions is the study of the dynamics of grassland plants, and geobotanical studies of this nature were carried out by the following scientists. Anderson J.E. (2001), Briske D.D. (2012), Miles J. (1979, 2012), Milton S.J. (1994), Prach K. (2006), Rees M. (2001) were conducted mainly in the USA, Australia, Argentina, Iran, Sinwuziyan-Uighur Autonomous Regions of China. A major research work that is the basis of a new scientific direction is Anderson J.E., Inouye R.S.(2001) "Landscape-scale changes in plant species abundance and biodiversity of a sagebrush steppe over 45 years" in California conditions for 45 years. (2001) observed changes in vegetation cover, i.e., the effects of factors such as unplanned use of grasslands, excessive use of herbicides, and severe droughts.
By the 20th century, with the increase of anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems, the problem of studying the dynamics of vegetation cover became more and more urgent. Since the 70s of the last century, G.I.Dokhman (1960), L.G.Ramensky (1971), Ye.M.Filroze (1978), P.L.Gorchakovsky (1979), G.V. Andreyev, N.S.Ivanova (1999), V.S.Ipatov (1990)'s early work included livestock grazing, road construction, communication network work, housing construction, recreation work, natural and man-made fires. is devoted to the effects of plants on vegetation cover.
Groundwater, like water on the surface of the earth, is formed from atmospheric precipitation and surface water. The water located between the porous rocks on the surface of the earth's crust is called ground water. Groundwater differs from surface water in that it is spread over large areas and is located on an impermeable layer. Groundwater levels are high in winter and spring due to snowmelt and heavy rainfall. It decreases in summer and early autumn. Groundwater gradually moves (flows) downwards through the pores in
the rocks. They rise to the surface in ravines, river valleys, lowlands and form springs.
The composition of groundwater consists of salts such as calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2, magnesium bicarbonate (Mg(HCO3)2, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride). These salts also have a negative effect on nature. Groundwater reduces soil fertility. Soil that is regularly irrigated with groundwater becomes hard and salty, where it is difficult for green plants to germinate. Therefore, soil fertility decreases.
Because groundwater is not purified, it has a negative effect on human and animal bodies. Every year, more than 3 million people in the world die due to contaminated water. Diarrheal diseases, often caused by contaminated water, are one of the leading causes of death among children under the age of five, causing an estimated 525,000 deaths each year. Poor sanitation infrastructure and hygiene practices contaminate many local water sources, and most waterborne diseases result from drinking contaminated water. 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea are reported in children each year.
National parks and specially protected natural areas are the main "grounds" for preserving biodiversity in natural landscapes, observing, evaluating and making scientific conclusions about changes in vegetation under the influence of anthropogenic factors. Due to the fact that the Pavlodar region, which is a large industrial facility, is located in the desert region, the anthropogenic transformation of the plant cover has been extensively studied;
1) The main anthropogenic factors affecting the vegetation around the industrial facilities were determined (within a radius of 50 km);
2) The indicator and diagnostic role of some species in determining the composition of modern species of flora, ecological and biological characteristics and factors of anthropogenic transformation has been determined;
3) Recommendations on the restoration of vegetation cover in the studied area, scientific recommendations on preservation of floristic and phytocenological diversity are given.
Before the development of industry in this region, the vegetation cover of the region consisted of dry deserts covered with sedges and thistles (Festuca valesiaca, Stipa capillata). Due to the influence of anthropogenic factors for many years, the ancient desert communities, in particular the communities of conifers with cone-wort, lapchatka-wormwood, have been preserved to this day. As a result, the ecological balance and floristic diversity of the area was damaged. 250 species of tall plants belonging to 41 families and 142 genera were identified from the borders of the botanical research area (V.A. Kamkin, 2009). Economic activities (special phytomelioration measures) are an important factor in the self-recovery of the vegetation cover.
It is in our hands to preserve our nature. There are many environmental problems. The most important of them is water, which is the source of life. According to statistics, 5 billion people may suffer from water shortage on earth by 2050. This is only ground water for humans, animals, and plants. we have considered that it will also have a negative effect. To prevent this is to supply clean drinking water to remote points. Everyone is equally responsible for the ecology of the environment. The cleaner nature is, the better our health is. As Abu Ali Ibn Sina said: "If there were no dust and dust, a person could live for a thousand years." water should not be wasted. Because water is life. Let's preserve our beautiful and unique nature together with unique people.
References:
1. Axmedov X.A. Zax q'ochirish melioratsiyasi. Toshkent., «O'kituvchi»., 1975.
2. Axmedov X.A. Sug'orish melioratsiyasi. Toshkent., «O'kituvchi»., 1977.
3. Kostyakov A.N. Osnov meliorasii. M., «Seldxozizdat», 1960.
4. Raximbaev F.M. Shukurlaev X.I. «Zax q'ochirish melioratsiyasi»., Toshkent., «Mehnat»., 1996.
