CC BY
36
DOI https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-05.29
THE ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT AND COMMUNITY CULTURE BETANG DAMANG BATU TUMBANG ANOI IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Sudiyono Lue*, Dean of Guidance and Counseling Program Faculty of Education, Institute of Teacher Training and Education of the Indonesian Teachers Association, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Yunikewaty, Lecturer Faculty of Economics, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
House of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi is a milestone in the framework of human rights enforcement in Central Kalimantan. House of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi is a symbol of the people's struggle to live in peace, peace, and prosperity between the hostile tribes. These homes have now become a tourist attraction that can increase revenue for local communities and local revenue. The research concludes that the tourism sector of house Betang Damang Batu Anoi can improve the economy and income of the society especially to a local community in Palangka Raya.
KEYWORDS
Betang Damang Batu Anoi, local tourism potential, economic improvement, development.
Indonesia is a country that has many historical places because Indonesia has experienced the period of colonialism. Place and historical relics have become a lot of tourist destinations known to people in the world. One example of a historical relic is a house of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi located in Central Kalimantan. House of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi is a milestone in the framework of human rights enforcement in Central Kalimantan. Central Kalimantan is one of the many provinces in Indonesia consisting of thirteen districts and one municipalities (Usop, 2011). House of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi is a symbol of the people's struggle to live in peace, peace, and prosperity between the hostile tribes. Betang was established in 1868, located in the Village Tumbang Anoi, Damang Batu District, Gunung Mas District, exactly on the edge of the Kahayan river (Harysakti and Mulyadi, 2017).
In order to muffle the business, a meeting called the Damai Tumbang Anoi Meeting was held in 1894 attended by some elements of community leaders not less than 300 people, for example: West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, North Borneo, Sarawak, Borneo including elements from the Netherlands, England, and others but at that time North Kalimantan has not been officially named as Province (Usop, 2016). The meeting resulted in 3 agreements: 1) stopping habunu (killing each other), 2) restricting Takayasu (mutual beheading), 3) stopping hatetek (mutual chopping) (Euneke, et al, 2015).
For now Central Kalimantan Province has become a densely populated area. According to Damayanti and Handinoto (2005), the areas that have experienced population growth are often undergoing renovations to suit the new demands, especially in the 21st century. Urban development is a means of government to realize a prosperous society with the construction of infrastructure and facilities for the convenience of the community (Yuwono and Wardiningsih, 2016).
After the government has provided support for infrastructure facilities for development with the aim of preserving cultural history, developing tourism and improving the economy of the community, there are problems that arise, the community is not yet ready for its utilization, the attitude of the community is tend to be individual so that the attitude of
togetherness and mutual cooperation is almost extinct overcome it is needed solution that society need to be given coaching cultivation attitude togetherness and understanding so that society can participate in the development and can utilize for improvement its prosperity.
METHODS OF RESEARCH
The method used in the study using the ethnographic approach with qualitative analysis. Research with qualitative data approach analysis is a research that prioritizes on process and meaning/perception problem, which is expected to reveal various qualitative information with description (Euneke, et al, 2015). The design of a qualitative approach is general, and it changes or evolves according to the situation in the field (Sarwono, 2009). Research using a qualitative data approach, then appropriate analysis will help researchers in generating new knowledge or theory or develop ideas that have existed before (Junaid, 2016). Data on the qualitative approach is not a number, meaning that data can be categorized or other forms, such as photographs, documents, artifacts and field notes when the research is done (Sarwono, 2009).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Description of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi. Building or house is a place for humans to perform daily activities. Home construction is an effort to fulfill a basic human need (Saleh, 2010). As well as the construction house of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi by Dayak ethnic located in Central Kalimantan, according to Usop (2016), Dayak traditional house is called Betang, Betang established generally facing river, with the rectangular shape. The house of Betang is often used for meetings among the citizens, including for dancing art activities with children and the community.
Philosophically house of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi is the values of togetherness which means that human beings are bound to their society, people are concerned with togetherness rather than selfishness (Anggraini, 2016). Usop (2016) mentions that for the Dayak ethnic of Central Kalimantan, the culture of betang has historical value which has a great influence in responding to various problems they face. For the Dayak tribe, the betang house is a symbol of tolerance and solidarity among fellow human beings (Anggraini, 2016).
House of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi renovated by not eliminating the meaning plus 5 (five) bedrooms that serve as a place of lodging for the immigrants and tourists so that it can bring additional results for the community by making food and snacks, traditional herbal Kalimantan and souvenirs procurement community crafts local.
The Impact of Tourism Culture Development on Community Economy. In the era of globalization the tourism sector has become one of the largest and strongest industries in the world and tourism are expected to be the largest contributor to the supply of income, especially in the economy of society and the state. Juliprijanto (2014) mentions that in 2007 the contribution of tourism to employment increased to 5.22 million people or 5.22% of the total employment of 99.93 million people, so the magnitude of tourism contribution to the economy shows that the development of tourism can encourage growth economy.
Tourism activities have become part of the lives of people starting from the existing community in the city to the community in the village. This tourism activity is conducted by the community to encourage the economic progress of the community. In accordance with the opinion Resnawaty (2016) that the development of small businesses in the community associated with the tourism industry became one of the strategies to a welfare society. But tourism is not only about economic issues, but also social, cultural, political and so on. According to Cohen in Gunawan, et al (2016) the economic impacts of tourism are as follows:
1. Impact on foreign exchange earnings
2. Impact on people's incomes
3. Impact on employment
4. Impact on prices
5. Impact on development in general
6. Impact on government revenue
Tourism has an impact on the countries visited as well as the local communities. These impacts are positively affected and some are negatively affected (Aryani, et al, 2017). These effects include the following:
Impact on foreign exchange earnings. Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi Tourism can increase foreign exchange in Central Kalimantan. The results of this study are similarly conducted by (Makarau, et al, 2016) that the existence of tourism in a region will bring in tourists from within and from outside the region or even will bring in foreign tourists. With the entry of foreign tourists from outside it would be very influential on the increase of foreign exchange.
Impact on people's incomes. Tour Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi can improve the economy of society. The results of this study are supported by (Widiastuti, 2013) that the tourism sector will increase income to the community so that the welfare of the community will increase.
Impact on employment. With the tourism sector of Betang Anoi, people can create new jobs (Harianik, et al, 2016) so that unemployment rate will decrease. However, there is a negative side to the impact on employment in this community, ie the type of work found is usually the type of seasonal work. So usually this seasonal worker only works at a certain time only and there is no guarantee of work to work next time or after.
The existence of the development of cultural and natural tourism that previously local communities only farmed, hunting animals. The above-mentioned potential is directly the creation of employment in the house of Betang Anoi, for example: servants at the house of Betang Anoi; provide food and snacks: sell food by providing a restaurant/stall; procurement of traditional herbal medicine from Borneo Kalimantan wood for example Pasak Bumi wood and others; procurement of local handicraft souvenirs such as rattan, rubber made from boats and sandals, mats from rattan or from large pandan leaves, animal skins can be used for clothes, bags, art tools, including pegs for glasses for drink used as medicine; procurement and tourism services, by preparing a boat getek carried out by the local community.
Impact on prices. With the tourism sector in a region will increase the prices of goods needs of the society which would be detrimental to the community. Such price increases can occur due to an increase in demand for services and goods from visiting tourists (Santi, 2014).
Impact on development. To attract tourists or to increase the interest of tourists come to visit places of tourism the government made various efforts. One such effort is the efforts undertaken in the field of tourism-related development, such as the construction of hotels, airports, and restaurants and other supporting facilities (Fahad and Endrayadi, 2017). By doing so, the result is that the state has to spend a lot of money, so the cost that should be allocated for other purposes is reduced to do the development.
Social and Cultural Change of Society. Culture is everything that is done by man as a result of his mind thinking. the civilization of human knowledge as social beings are utilized for life and benefit. Teng (2017) mentions that culture is a human creation that takes place in life. Culture is also a complex that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs of abilities, and habits, gained by human beings as members of society (Soeprapto and Jirzanah, 1996).
Dayak ethnic experience a shift in views from changing development, increasingly advanced people, electronic devices into rural villages, villagers immigrating to the city. When viewed from the point of view of different properties. the role of human resources viewed from the workforce in terms of educational background of the community is very less.
House of Betang Damang Batu Anoi has historical value so that now developed as cultural tourism object. Tourism business has become a mainstay sector in many countries this is reinforced by the opinion Setiawan (2015) states that tourism is the largest foreign exchange earner and the strongest sector in the global economy. Development of this
tourism certainly has the relationship with various aspects of community life both in terms of economic and sociocultural terms. When viewed from the economic point of view that tourism as one source of local revenue (PAD), among others in the form of taxes, levies and sources of foreign exchange for the state.
The impact of the development of cultural tourism that occurred in the community Tumbang Anoi seen in terms of facilities and infrastructure have increased a lot. This is shown from the house of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi facilities and transportation facilities, public facilities that have many developments. Not only in terms of transportation facilities that have been developed but from lodging, public facilities as well have improved to a better direction. As for the implementation of culture for the local community:
• As a means of community meetings both routinely and incidentally
• The smoothness of land and river transportation, even the Dragonplane (the airplane on which the water runs).
• Events of the last peace meeting there are local arts for example for Central Kalimantan featuring Kinyah dance, Manasai dance, Badeder and others, it is until now done as a friendship dance and community intimacy.
The role of the tourism sector in regional economic development or even in the economic development of the country is very big role. Besides, the role or participation of the local community to continuously improve the quality of tourist attractions in their area to be able to attract tourists to visit their territory is also very necessary for economic improvement and employment occasions not only take place at certain moments but can take place continuously. Thus the unemployment rate of the community will decrease. Because one of the advantages of the tourism sector is the creation of new jobs and new employment opportunities so that the economic income of the community will increase and the welfare of the community will be guaranteed. So the burden borne by the government will be reduced and will achieve the national goals of the Republic of Indonesia. And in essence the purpose of the establishment of the country is not only the burden and responsibility carried and which must be run by the government alone, but the responsibility is also intended for all Indonesian people because the people of Indonesia are strongly tied to the state and not only can claim their rights, but must also perform its duty as a good citizen. And if the obligations and rights of the community as a citizen in a country and the obligations and rights of the state go well automatically the purpose of the country will be easy to achieve.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This research can be concluded that house of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi has historical value so that developed cultural tourism object, tourism business has become the mainstay sector of the country. Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi Tourism can improve local community's economy, as one of the sources of local revenue (PAD) such as tax, levy, and source of foreign exchange especially for the local community in Palangka Raya. Through cultural tourism community, Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi also can improve the infrastructure, such as public facilities and lodging.
The tourism development house of Betang Damang Batu Tumbang Anoi required cooperation or partnership between the government and local communities to improve local economic empowerment, in addition to increasing the income of the community evenly and also can reduce unemployment
REFERENCES
1. Anggraini, G. (2016). Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Pada Masyarakat Adat
Dayak Ngaju. At-Turats, 10(2), 91-101.
2. Aryani, S. W., Sunarti, S., dan Darmawan, A. (2017). Analisis Dampak Pembangunan
Pariwisata pada Aspek Ekonomi dan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat (Studi Kasus pada Desa
Wisata Bejiharjo, Kecamatan Karangmojo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Di Yogyakarta).
Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 49(2), 142-146.
3. Damayanti, R dan Handinoto. (2005). Kawasan" Pusat Kota" Dalam Perkembangan Sejarah Perkotaan Di Jawa. Dimensi (Journal Of Architecture And Built Environment), 33(1).
4. Euneke, E., Pitana, T dan Subiyantoro. 2015. Dekonstruksi Ngayau Pada Suku Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah. Kajian Budaya, 1(1).
5. Fahad, H dan Endrayadi. (2017). Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Di Kabupaten Banyuwangi tahun 2002-2013. Publika budaya, 5(1), 28-35.
6. Gunawan, A. S., Hamid, D., dan Wi Endang NP, M. G. (2016). Analisis Pengembangan Pariwisata Terhadap Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat (Studi Pada Wisata Religi Gereja Puhsarang Kediri). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 32(1), 1-8.
7. Harianik, N., Suswandi dan Diartho, C. (2016). Dampak Objek Wisata Pulau Merah Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Pesanggaran Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Artikel mahasiswa.
8. Harysakti, A., dan Mulyadi, L. (2017). Penelusuran Genius Loci Pada Permukiman Suku Dayak Ngaju Di Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Spectra, 12(24), 72-86.
9. Juliprijanto, W. 2014. Analisis Potensi Sektor Pariwisata di Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal pariwisata, 40(2), 70-85.
10. Junaid, I. (2016). Analisis Data Kualitatif Dalam Penelitian Pariwisata. Jurnal Kepariwisataan, 10(1)59-74.
11. Makarau, V., Gosa, P dan Tungka, A. (2016). Re-design Taman Budaya Di Manado Kompleksitas Geometri. Daseng: Jurnal Arsitektur, 5(2), 215-224.
12. Resnawaty, R. (2016). Strategi Community Practice Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat. Share Social Work Journal, 6(1).
13. Saleh, S. D. (2010). Kajian Kualitas Bangunan Rumah Pondokan Terhadap Kenyamanan Huni Berdasarkan Persepsi Penghuni Dipermukiman Sekitar Kampus Universitas Hasanuddin (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Diponegoro).
14. Santi, F. (2014). Analisis Aliran Perdagangan Pariwisata Internasional Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pariwisata Indonesia. http://repository.ut.ac.id/4941/1/fekonisip11505.pdf. diakses 2 Mei 2018.
15. Sarwono, J. (2009). Memadu Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif: Mungkinkah?. Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis, 9(2).
16. Setiawan, I. (2015). Potensi Destinasi Wisata di Indonesia Menuju Kemandirian Ekonomi. Proceeding SENDIJJ.
17. Soeprapto dan Jirzanah. (1996). Pengembangan Kebudayaan Sebagai Identitas Bangsa. Jurnal Filsafat. 14-23.
18. Teng, H. M. B. A. (2017). Filsafat Kebudayaan dan Sastra (dalam Perspektif Sejarah). Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 5(1 Juni).
19. Jsop, T. B. (2011). Kearifan Lokal Dalam Arsitektur Kalimantan Tengah Yang Berkesinambungan. Jurnal Perspektif Arsitektur, 6(1), 25-32.
20. Jsop, S. R. (2016). Ruang Masyarakat Adat dalam Pemanasan Global dan Perubahan Iklim Kasus Program REDD+ di Kalimantan Tengah. Masyarakat Indonesia, 38(1), 47-68.
21. Widiastuti, N. K. (2013). Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Daerah dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Jdayana.
22. Yuwono, S., & Wardiningsih, S. (2016). Mempertahankan Keberadaan Kampung di Tengah-Tengah Kawasan Modern Jakarta. NALARs, 15(1), 73-80.
