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21THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF NATIONAL CRAFTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM Ruzieva G.F.1, Urakova D.B.2
1Ruzieva Gulinoz Fatilloyevna - Lecturer;
2Urakova Dilfuza Bahriddinovna - Lecturer, TOURISM AND HOTEL BUSINESS DEPARTMENT, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: types of national handicrafts of Uzbekistan and development of handicrafts are current issues in today's world. In order to employ people in the country, thereby reducing or eliminating poverty, a number of measures are being taken in the regions. After all, increasing employment is our ultimate goal today. It was widespread until the emergence of large-scale industrial production; some industries were preserved even later. It still plays an important role in the national economy of some countries.
Keywords: handicrafts, types of handicrafts, vitrage (stained glass), our ultimate goal, pandemic.
UDC 339.976.4
Craftsmanship, handicraft - a national-traditional small-scale industry, based on individual and manual labor with the help of simple tools; the general name of the professions in which such products are made.
The production of pottery and textiles, the first important branches of handicrafts in the Neolithic period, appeared on the territory of Uzbekistan. From the 2nd century BC, the Great Silk Road played an important role in the trade of handicrafts. In the Middle Ages, products made in the East (steel in the Arab Caliphate, silk, porcelain, paper in Central Asia and India) were valued in European markets.
All types of handicrafts survived in Central Asia until the 1920s. Crafts played an important role in the production relations of Bukhara, Samarkand, Kokand, Khiva, Tashkent (in the 60s of the XIX century 27 types of handicrafts were developed in Khiva, there were 556 shops of craftsmen in the city markets, 2528 farms were engaged in handicrafts in the 1980).
Craftsmanship is deeply specialized and brings together a variety of professionals in Uzbekistan. For example, there were leather processing, shoemakers, machinists, shoemakers, saddlers, telpaks, postmen, and belt makers; in the textile industry, weavers, satin weavers, carpet weavers, shawls and felt weavers; Metalworkers included blacksmiths, blacksmiths, coppersmiths, plumbers, and jewelers. In particular, the land of ancient Karakol is famous for its talented craftsmen. Currently, the district has a tandoor (a kiln made of clay used for baking bread), wood carving, artistic embroidery, goldsmithing and blacksmithing.
In accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 216 of 29.07.2009 on measures for the development and expansion of family business and handicraft activities without the formation of a legal entity, the following areas of handicraft activities are considered. [1]
According to the processing of glassware: stained glass, spreading, glass blowing. By hand carving: plaster carving, pottery, painting, tin, spool, leather, porcelain, utilitarian and artistic leather, painted miniatures, paintings, ornaments and enamels making decorations. According to the processing of wood products: wood architecture, wood folk handicrafts, production of folk handicrafts from wood, wood carving, furniture decoration, automatic furniture making, carpentry, making musical instruments, making folk toys.
In our country, special attention is paid to the development of handicrafts compared to other countries, as in some regions there are no manufacturing enterprises that attract large-
scale workers. Through the development of handicrafts, the unemployment rate is being reduced. In order to develop family business and crafts in all regions, the state has created a number of benefits.
At the heart of these opportunities is the issue of ensuring economic stability of the population. Our ultimate goal is to employ people in our country and thereby reduce or eliminate poverty. Such large-scale actions continue during the pandemic.[3]
In particular, the President had visited all regions and created a number of opportunities to provide employment and prevent economic damage. In particular, during a visit to Fergana region on June 5 this year, a special emphasis was placed on the development of family business and crafts on its basis. As Shavkat Miromonovich said, "We do not give people fish, but teach them how to catch fish and let them catch it when they need it." Depending on the type of work available to the population, the emphasis was placed on employment with a small percentage of non-refundable payments, as well as the development of handicrafts.[6]
During the visit, the President visited the Crafts Center in Margilan. "My biggest reform is to please mothers and women who are the light of every family," she said. I am happy to see the trust and hope in your eyes. The more we please women, the more the Creator gives us strength, peace and tranquility in our country. The whole world is facing a big challenge due to the pandemic. No one believed that in such conditions we could launch such enterprises. This is the beginning of change in Fergana, the swallow. God willing, our results will be even higher," Shavkat Mirziyoyev said.
The lower floor of the two-story center is covered with satin, adras, silk, velvet and bekasam fabrics. On the first floor there is an exhibition of finished products, a podium and a workshop. Here, all products are made entirely by hand, from 100% pure silk. The population's sources of income are expanding by opening the way for the development of such crafts.
Today in our country special attention is paid to the issue of maintaining a stable index of business activity through the development of handicrafts. The Center for Economic Research and Reform has released its Business Activity Index for May. In May, the Business Activity Index saw a slight increase in quarantine restrictions from a historic decline in April. This indicates that business activity in the economy has begun to recover.
The Business Activity Index (IFI), assessed by the Center for Economic Research and Reform, in May 2020 included: compared to April 2020 - 1056 units (an increase of 5.6%); compared to May 2019 - 930 units (decrease - 7.0%); compared to January 2015 - 1390 units (increase - 39.0%).
In May of this year, the Business Activity Index saw a slight increase in quarantine restrictions from a historic decline in April. This indicates that business activity in the economy has begun to recover. However, the IFI is still in recession compared to the same month last year and the base period. [7]
There were changes at the component level. In May 2020, the business activity index grew moderately by 5.6% compared to the previous month, reaching 1,056 units, due to changes in the following components: the number of transactions in bank accounts of business entities increased by 7.6%; the component of operating entities increased by 0.5%; the pace of purchases of raw materials at the commodity exchange decreased by 3.0%; the brand component increased 2.3 times.
In terms of regions, Bukhara region has the highest rate. This is the result of the opportunities provided to the craft sectors. In May 2020, the index of business activity in all regions of the country increased compared to the previous month. In particular, Bukhara (43.8%), Surkhandarya (40.1%), Samarkand (35.3%), Jizzakh (32.0%), Andijan (29.2%), Kashkadarya (24.2%), Significant growth was observed in Navoi (24.1%) regions and Tashkent city (22.8%).
In conclusion, it can be said that the types of national handicrafts of Uzbekistan and their development is a topical issue today. In today's pandemic, the development of handicrafts in
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order to provide employment will serve as a practical basis for the development of tourism in the future.
References
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