CC BY
33
THE DIGITAL GAMING REVOLUTION: AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS,
ISSUES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
KARUN SANJAYA1, RUSHIL CHANDRA2, JIMMY JOSE3
1Assistant Professor, Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India, karunsanjaya@slsnagpur.edu.in
2Assistant Professor, Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India, rushilchandra@slsnagpur.edu.in 3Assistant Professor, Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India, jimmyjose@slsnagpur.edu.in
Abstract
Digital gaming has become a major form of entertainment and a significant part of popular culture. The gaming industry has grown exponentially in recent years, with the global market for video games projected to reach $159 billion by 2022. The rise of digital gaming can be attributed to several factors, including advancements in technology, the increasing accessibility of high-speed internet, and the proliferation of smartphones and other mobile devices.
Digital gaming can be divided into several categories, including console gaming, PC gaming, and mobile gaming. Console gaming, which is played on dedicated gaming devices such as the Xbox and PlayStation, has been around for decades and continues to be popular. PC gaming, which is played on personal computers, has also been around for a long time but has seen a resurgence in recent years due to the popularity of online multiplayer games and the increasing power of personal computers. Mobile gaming, which is played on smartphones and tablets, has seen the greatest growth in recent years due to the increasing popularity of mobile devices and the accessibility of mobile gaming apps.
One of the major advantages of digital gaming is the ability to connect with other players from around the world in real-time. Online multiplayer games allow players to compete against each other in virtual worlds, and social gaming platforms such as Facebook allow players to connect with friends and play games together. Additionally, many digital games offer in-game purchase options, which allow players to purchase virtual items such as weapons, armor, and other items to enhance their gaming experience.
However, digital gaming also has its drawbacks. Many players become so engrossed in the game that they neglect other responsibilities, such as school or work. Additionally, some studies have linked excessive gaming to addiction and other mental health issues. Furthermore, some parents have expressed concerns about the content of certain digital games, particularly those that are violent or sexually explicit.
The authors conclude that, digital gaming is a rapidly growing industry that has become a major form of entertainment for people of all ages. While digital gaming offers many benefits, such as the ability to connect with other players and enhanced gaming experiences, it also has its drawbacks, including the potential for addiction and other mental health issues. As digital gaming continues to evolve and grow, it is important for players, parents, and policymakers to be aware of both the benefits and the risks associated with this form of entertainment.
Keywords: Digital Gaming, Online Multiplayer Gaming, Mobile Gaming, Addiction, Social Interaction, Health Issues.
Table of Contents
Introduction
1. Evolution of Digital Gaming
2. The Multi-faced Aspects of Digital Gaming
2.1. The Dark Side of Digital Gaming
2.2. The Positive Side of Digital Gaming
3. Regulation of Digital Gaming
3.1 Laws Governing Digital Gaming
3.2 Digital Gaming and the Indian Laws
4. Digital Gaming and Its Impact on Society
4.1 Digital Gaming and the Indian Economy
4.2 Digital Gaming and Gender
5. Digital Gaming: Issues and Challenges
6. Fighting the Dark Side of Digital Gaming
Introduction 1. Evolution of Digital Gaming
The evolution of digital gaming has been a rapid and dynamic process, driven by advances in technology, changes in consumer preferences, and the emergence of new business models. Some key milestones in the evolution of digital gaming include:
Early history: The evolution of digital gaming has been a rapid and ongoing process. The first digital games appeared in the 1950s, with the advent of early computers and video game consoles. These early games were simple, often featuring basic graphics and gameplay. The first digital games were created in the 1950s and 1960s, with the earliest being simple text-based games and simulations that ran on mainframe computers. These early games were primarily used for research and educational purposes (Kent, 2001). However, they laid the foundation for the development of more advanced games in the decades to come.
Emergence of arcade games: The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of arcade games like Pong and Space Invaders, which were played on dedicated machines in arcades and other public places. These games were more advanced than the early digital games and featured more complex graphics and gameplay. These games were played in dedicated arcade centers and were the first to introduce the idea of coin-operated gaming (Kent, 2001). The popularity of arcade games led to the development of home video game consoles, such as the Atari 2600, which allowed players to enjoy arcade-style games in the comfort of their own homes.
Home consoles: The 1980s saw the emergence of home consoles, such as the Atari 2600 and the Nintendo Entertainment System, which allowed players to play games in the comfort of their own homes. This marked the beginning of the console gaming market (Kent, 2001).
PC gaming: The 1990s saw the rise of PC gaming, with the increasing popularity of personal computers and the advent of 3D graphics technology. This led to the development of more sophisticated and immersive games, such as first-person shooters and real-time strategy games (Kent, 2001). The 1990s marked a significant turning point in the evolution of digital gaming. The release of the first 3D-capable consoles, such as the Sony PlayStation and the Nintendo 64, allowed for more realistic graphics and immersive gameplay. Additionally, the rise of the internet and online multiplayer gaming allowed players to connect with each other and play games together in real-time.
Mobile gaming: The 2000s saw the emergence of mobile gaming, with the widespread adoption of smartphones and the development of mobile gaming platforms such as the App Store and Google Play. This led to the proliferation of mobile games, including casual games and games that could be played on the go (DFC Intelligence, 2016).
Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: With the arrival of virtual reality and augmented reality technology, it's possible to immerse players into digital worlds in a more real-like experience. This technology is being used in gaming and also in other industries such as tourism, healthcare, and education (Liu, Chen, Liu, & Chen, 2020).
The development of smartphones and other mobile devices has led to the explosion of mobile gaming. These games are designed to be played on small screens and are often simpler and more casual in nature than console and PC games. However, they have become extremely popular, with many mobile games generating hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue. In recent years, the gaming industry has continued to evolve, with the emergence of new technologies such as cloud gaming, the rise of e-sports, and the growing popularity of live streaming platforms such as Twitch and YouTube. With the constant
technological advancements, the gaming industry is projected to grow even more in the future, offering new and exciting opportunities for players and developers alike.
2. The Multi-faced Aspects of Digital Gaming
2.1 The Dark Side of Digital Gaming
Digital gaming has been the subject of much debate and controversy, with some arguing that certain games contain excessive violence and other immoral aspects. Research has shown that violent video games can have negative effects on behavior, attitudes, and emotions (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). Furthermore, some games contain explicit sexual content, which can be inappropriate for children and young adults.
One of the main concerns about violence in digital gaming is that it can lead to aggressive behavior in players. Studies have found that playing violent video games can increase aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Anderson & Bushman, 2001; Gentile, Lynch, Linder, & Walsh, 2004). This effect is stronger in males than in females.
Another concern is that violent video games can desensitize players to violence, making it less likely that they will be affected by real-world violence (Bartholow, Sestir, & Davis, 2005; Carnagey, Anderson, & Bushman, 2007). This desensitization may also make it more difficult for players to distinguish between real-world violence and the violence depicted in games.
There is also concern about the impact of digital gaming on the development of children and adolescents, as they may be more susceptible to the negative effects of violent video games (Gentile, 2009). Moreover, the excessive use of digital games can lead to addiction and negatively impact the physical, psychological and social well-being of the player.
Furthermore, digital gaming may contain other immoral aspects such as sexism, misogyny, and other forms of discrimination. These elements can be found in the characters, storyline, and even in the way the game is designed (Jansz & Martens, 2005; Shaffer, 2016). These elements can have a negative impact on the player's attitudes and beliefs, particularly for those who spend a lot of time playing games.
The concern about violence in digital gaming has led to calls for stricter regulations on the content of video games. In some countries, governments have implemented rating systems for games, similar to the rating systems used for movies, to help parents and other consumers make informed decisions about the games they buy. Additionally, some retailers have implemented policies that prohibit the sale of violent or sexually explicit games to minors.
However, it's worth noting that not all digital games are violent, and many games contain positive and educational content. Furthermore, studies have shown that playing video games can have positive effects on mental health and cognitive development.
Moreover, the media and some people have a tendency to blame video games as the sole cause of violence, while neglecting other factors that may contribute to it such as mental health, social and economic issues, family problems and so on.
Digital gaming has been associated with violence and other immoral aspects, which can have negative effects on behavior, attitudes, and emotions, particularly in children and adolescents. These negative effects are a concern, and it is important for parents, educators, and policymakers to be aware of the potential risks associated with violent video games and to work towards creating a more responsible and ethical gaming ecosystem.
While digital gaming can be a fun and enjoyable form of entertainment, it's important for players, parents, and policymakers to be aware of the potential for violence and other immoral content in the games. Parents should be vigilant about the games their children are playing and ensure that they are age-appropriate. Additionally, game developers and publishers should consider the potential impact of their games on players and make an effort to create games that are safe and appropriate for all audiences.
2.2 The Positive Side of Digital Gaming
Digital gaming has a number of merits, including cognitive benefits, socialization, stress relief, and education.
Research has found that playing digital games can improve attention, working memory, and spatial navigation (Basak, Boot, Voss, & Kramer, 2008). In particular, action video games, which require players to rapidly process visual information and make quick decisions, have been found to enhance cognitive function in a variety of domains, including attention, perception, and decision-making (Green & Bavelier, 2006).
Online multiplayer games provide opportunities for players to connect and socialize with others, which can have positive effects on mental health and well-being (Granic, Lobel, & Engels, 2014). Multiplayer games allow players to interact with others, form social connections, and collaborate on tasks, all of which can enhance social skills and build social capital.
Digital gaming can also provide stress relief, it has been found to be a helpful coping mechanism for managing stress and negative emotions (Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan, & Gladwell, 2013). Playing games can help distract players from stressors, provide a sense of control, and promote relaxation, all of which can help to reduce stress levels
Digital games also have educational benefits, many digital games are designed to be educational, and can be used to teach a wide range of skills, such as math, science, language, and history (Squire, 2011; Gee, 2003). Digital games can also be used to teach soft skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork (Gee, 2003; Shaffer, Squire, Halverson, & Gee, 2005).
Additionally, digital games have been shown to have therapeutic benefits for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as those with physical and cognitive impairments (Chin, Chua, & Tan, 2016; Kato, 2008). These games can help improve motor skills, cognitive function, and emotional well-being, and provide a fun and engaging way to support rehabilitation and therapy.
Another merit of digital gaming is that it can be used for entertainment and leisure, it is a source of enjoyment and fun for many people, and it can be a way to relax and unwind after a long day (Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan, & Gladwell, 2013). Games can also be used to explore new worlds, and to experience different cultures and perspectives.
To sum up, digital gaming has a number of merits including cognitive benefits, socialization, stress relief, education and entertainment. Moreover, it can be used as a therapeutic tool for certain conditions, and as a way to support rehabilitation and therapy. It is important to note that like any form of entertainment, moderation is key when it comes to gaming. It's also important to select appropriate games and monitor the time spent playing to avoid any negative effects on the mental and physical health.
3. Regulation of Digital Gaming 3.1 Laws Governing Digital Gaming
Digital gaming is governed by a variety of laws, including intellectual property laws, consumer protection laws, and laws related to online conduct and safety.
Intellectual property laws, such as copyright and trademark laws, protect the rights of game developers and publishers. These laws ensure that the creators of games are able to control how their work is used and distributed, and can prevent others from profiting from their creations without permission.
Consumer protection laws, such as laws governing advertising, marketing, and product labeling, protect players from false or misleading information and deceptive practices. These laws ensure that games are marketed and sold in a fair and transparent way, and that players are able to make informed decisions about what games to buy.
Laws related to online conduct and safety, such as cyberstalking and harassment laws, protect players from harmful and abusive behavior online. These laws ensure that players are able to enjoy games in a safe and respectful environment, free from bullying, harassment, and other forms of harm.
In some countries, there are laws specifically related to digital gaming, such as the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in the United States, which regulates the collection and use of personal information from children under the age of 13 (Federal Trade Commission, 2020). Another example is the Japan Game Rating and Administration Committee (JGRAC), which is the self-regulatory body for the video game industry in Japan, that establish and enforce the guidelines for the content of video games (Japan Game Rating and Administration Committee, 2020).
In addition, there are laws and regulations related to gambling, which applies to some digital games that involve wagering or betting. These laws ensure that players are protected from fraud and exploitation and that games are offered in a fair and responsible manner.
Besides the laws mentioned above, there are also laws related to data privacy and security that apply to digital gaming. These laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States, regulate the collection, storage, and use of personal information by game developers and publishers. These laws aim to protect players' personal information from unauthorized access, use or disclosure.
There are also laws related to accessibility, which ensure that games are accessible to players with disabilities. These laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States and the Equality Act in the United Kingdom, require game developers and publishers to make their games accessible to players with disabilities.
In addition, there are laws related to the classification of games based on their content, this is intended to protect children and youth from exposure to inappropriate content. These laws, such as the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) in the United States and the Pan European Game Information (PEGI) in Europe, establish rating systems for games based on their content, and it's mandatory for the developers and publishers to classify their games accordingly.
Laws related to digital gaming are complex and multifaceted, and they vary depending on the jurisdiction. However, these laws aim to protect the rights of players and game developers, ensure that games are accessible and safe, and that players are protected from exposure to inappropriate content. These laws aim to protect players from harmful and abusive behavior, as well as ensuring that games are marketed and sold in a fair and transparent way.
3.2 Digital Gaming and the Indian Laws
In India, digital gaming is governed by a variety of laws, including intellectual property laws, consumer protection laws, and laws related to online conduct and safety.
The Indian Copyright Act, 1957, and the Indian Trademarks Act, 1999, protect the rights of game developers and publishers, ensuring that their creations are protected from infringement and unauthorized use.
The Indian Consumer Protection Act, 1986, and the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2011, provide protections for consumers and regulate the online conduct of game developers and publishers. The Indian government also has the power to regulate digital gaming through the Information Technology Act, 2000, which empowers the government to regulate digital content, including games, and to prosecute individuals or organizations involved in cybercrime.
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) are responsible for monitoring and regulating the digital gaming industry in India.
In addition, the Public Gambling Act, 1867, regulates gambling, including online gambling, and prohibits the promotion, conduct or facilitation of any game of chance or skill for money or money's worth. This law applies to online gambling and games of chance, which is a common feature of some games.
All these laws aim to protect players, game developers, and publishers, and ensure that the digital gaming industry operates in a responsible and legal manner.
Laws governing digital gaming vary from country to country. However, there are some general trends that can be observed.
Rating systems: Many countries have implemented rating systems for digital games, similar to the rating systems used for movies, to help parents and other consumers make informed decisions about the games they buy. These rating systems are usually run by government agencies or industry groups and assign age-appropriate ratings to games based on their content.
Sales restrictions: Some countries have laws in place that prohibit the sale of certain types of games, such as those that contain excessive violence or sexual content, to minors. Retailers are usually required to check the ID of customers purchasing these games and to refrain from selling them to anyone under the age of 18 or a different age limit depending on the country.
Online gaming: Online gaming is subject to the same laws and regulations as other forms of online content. Governments have the power to regulate online gaming platforms and to take action against platforms that host illegal or harmful content.
Cyberbullying: Many countries have laws in place that prohibit cyberbullying, which includes harassment and bullying on online platforms such as gaming platforms. These laws can be used to prosecute individuals who engage in cyberbullying and to hold platforms accountable for not taking adequate measures to prevent it.
Gambling: Some countries have laws in place that prohibit online gambling, including online games that offer players the chance to win money or other prizes. These laws can be used to prosecute individuals and companies that operate illegal gambling websites and to hold platforms accountable for hosting illegal gambling content.
Advertising: Advertising in video games, like any medium, is subject to laws and regulations. The Federal Trade Commission in the US, for example, has guidelines for advertising directed towards children and has taken actions against companies that violated those guidelines.
Data Protection: Digital gaming companies are subject to the data protection laws of the countries they operate in. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, regulates the collection and use of personal data of EU citizens.
Net Neutrality: Some countries have laws in place that ensure that all internet traffic is treated equally, meaning that gaming companies cannot pay to have their games prioritized over others.
It is important to note that laws and regulations around digital gaming are constantly evolving as technology, culture, and society change. Game developers and publishers should be aware of the laws and regulations that apply to their games in the countries where they operate and take steps to ensure that their games comply with these laws. Additionally, players, parents, and educators should be aware of the laws and regulations that apply to digital gaming and take steps to ensure that they play games in a safe and responsible way.
4. Digital Gaming and Its Impact on Society
Digital gaming has had a significant impact on society, both positively and negatively. Some of the main ways in which digital gaming has affected society include:
Economic impact: The digital gaming industry has grown to become a multi-billion dollar industry, with a global market value projected to reach $196 billion by 2022 (Newzoo, 2020).
Cultural impact: Digital games have become a part of popular culture, with many people of all ages playing games on a regular basis. This has led to the creation of a gaming subculture, with its own customs, language, and traditions (Jansz & Martens, 2005). The 'Chicken Dinner' concept of the game Pub-G can be said to be an example of a gaming subculture that has gained much popularity in the recent times.
Educational impact: Digital games have been used as a tool for education, to teach a wide range of skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and language learning (Squire, 2003). Games that involve any kind of logical or analytical skills would be best used for learning purposes.
Psychological impact: Digital gaming has been found to have both positive and negative effects on mental health and well-being. On one hand, playing games can improve cognitive function, reduce stress, and provide opportunities for socialization. On the other hand, excessive gaming can lead to addiction, depression, and social isolation. A decent example of a game having a psychological impact may include one of the classic games of Rockstar Games 'Max Payne 2'wherein the tensed setting of the game coupled with its daunting background music can create psychological changes temporarily.
Therefore, it can be said that digital gaming has had a significant impact on society, affecting not only the way we entertain ourselves but also how we interact with others and how we perceive the world. It's important for players, parents, educators, and policymakers to be aware of the impact of digital gaming and to promote responsible gaming in order to reap the benefits while minimizing any negative effects.
4.1 Digital Gaming and the Indian Economy
Digital gaming has had a significant impact on the Indian economy, with the Indian gaming industry projected to reach $1 billion by 2021 (KPMG, 2020). The growth of the Indian gaming industry is driven by a number of factors, including the increasing penetration of smartphones and internet access, the rising popularity of esports, and the growing interest in mobile gaming.
One of the key ways in which digital gaming has impacted the Indian economy is through job creation. The gaming industry in India employs a wide range of professionals, including game developers, animators, designers, and marketers (KPMG, 2020). This has led to the creation of a vibrant gaming ecosystem, with a growing number of game development studios and start-ups across the country.
Another way in which digital gaming has impacted the Indian economy is through the rise of esports. Esports, or competitive gaming, is a rapidly growing market in India, with a large and dedicated fan base. The Indian esports market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 27.9% from 2019 to reach $1.1 billion by 2021 (KPMG, 2020). This growth is driven by the increasing popularity of esports tournaments and leagues, as well as the growing interest in streaming platforms such as Twitch and YouTube.
Digital gaming has also had an impact on the Indian economy through the proliferation of mobile gaming. The mobile gaming market in India is expected to reach $1.1 billion by 2021 (KPMG, 2020). The increasing penetration of smartphones and internet access has led to a growing number of mobile gamers in India, with many of them turning to mobile games as an affordable and convenient form of entertainment.
However, there are also some negative impacts of digital gaming on the Indian economy, such as addiction and the proliferation of illegal online gambling. Moreover, the lack of regulations and standards in the gaming industry can also lead to the proliferation of fake or low-quality games, resulting in a poor gaming experience for players and a bad reputation for the industry.
It can, therefore, be rightly said that digital gaming has had a significant impact on the Indian economy, contributing to job creation, the rise of esports, and the proliferation of mobile gaming. However, it is important for policymakers and industry leaders to address the negative impacts of digital gaming and to work towards creating a sustainable and healthy gaming ecosystem in India.
4.2 Digital Gaming and Gender
Digital gaming has traditionally been seen as a primarily male-dominated activity, with men making up the majority of gamers and the gaming industry workforce. However, this perception has been changing in recent years, with an increasing number of women becoming involved in gaming both as players and as industry professionals. Despite this progress, there are still significant disparities between men and women in the gaming industry.
One of the main ways in which gender affects digital gaming is through representation. Research has found that female characters are underrepresented in video games, and when they are represented, they are often sexualized and objectified (Dill & Thill, 2007). This lack of representation can have a negative impact on female gamers, as it can make it harder for them to identify with and connect to the games they play.
Another way in which gender affects digital gaming is through the experience of online harassment. Research has found that female gamers are more likely to experience harassment and discrimination while playing online games, and that this harassment can take many forms, including verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and threats of violence (Cassell & Jenkins, 2000). This harassment can make gaming a less enjoyable and more hostile experience for female players, and can discourage them from participating in online communities.
Gender also affects the representation of the gaming industry workforce, women are underrepresented in the gaming industry, making up only a small percentage of game developers, designers, and other industry professionals (ESA, 2019). This lack of representation can limit the diversity of perspectives and experiences in the industry, and can make it harder for women to advance in their careers.
However, there are also some positive changes, research has found that the number of women playing games is increasing, and the perception of gaming as a "male" activity is changing (ESA, 2019). Additionally, the industry has started to recognize the importance of diversity and representation, and
there have been efforts to increase the number of women in the industry and to create a more inclusive and welcoming environment for female gamers and industry professionals.
In conclusion, gender affects digital gaming in a number of ways, including representation, online harassment, and industry representation. While progress has been made in recent years to increase the participation and representation of women in gaming, there is still much work to be done to create a more inclusive and equitable gaming ecosystem for all.
5. Digital Gaming: Issues and Challenges
Digital gaming has become a major industry and a popular form of entertainment, but it also faces a number of issues and challenges that need to be addressed. Some of the main issues and challenges include:
a) Addiction: Some studies have suggested that excessive gaming can lead to addiction, with players becoming so engrossed in the game that they neglect other responsibilities, such as school or work.
b) Aggression: Some studies have found a correlation between playing violent video games and aggressive behavior, with players becoming more aggressive and less empathetic after playing violent games.
c) Cyberbullying: Online multiplayer games can provide a platform for cyberbullying, with players using the anonymity of the internet to harass and bully others.
d) Inappropriate content: Some games contain explicit sexual content or other inappropriate material that can be harmful to children and young adults.
e) Gambling: Some games, especially those that offer in-game purchases, can be considered as a form of gambling, making it an issue for some countries that have laws prohibiting online gambling.
f) Data protection: Many gaming companies collect, use and store personal data of players, which can lead to data breaches and violations of privacy laws.
g) Inclusion and representation: The gaming industry has been criticized for the lack of representation and inclusion of diverse groups, such as women and minorities, in the games and in the industry itself.
h) Economic burden: In-game purchases, microtransactions, and subscription services can quickly add up, resulting in a financial burden for some players.
i) Lack of regulation: The gaming industry is largely self-regulated, but some argue that more government oversight is needed to ensure that games are safe and appropriate for all audiences.
j) Technological advancements: With the rapid advancements in technology, it's challenging for the industry to keep up with the changes and to provide the best gaming experience for the players, while also addressing the issues and challenges.
Addressing these issues and challenges requires cooperation and collaboration between players, parents, educators, game developers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. The industry should focus on promoting responsible gaming, providing safe and appropriate content, and fostering a culture of inclusion and diversity.
6. Fighting the Dark Side of Digital Gaming
Overcoming the challenges posed by digital gaming requires a multi-faceted approach that involves cooperation and collaboration between players, parents, educators, game developers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. Here are some ways to address some of the main challenges:
a) Addiction: To overcome addiction, players should set limits on the amount of time they spend playing games, and make sure to balance gaming with other activities such as exercise, spending time with friends and family, and pursuing other interests. Parents and educators can also play a role by monitoring the amount of time children spend playing games and by encouraging healthy habits. (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012)
b) Aggression: To reduce the risk of aggression, players should choose games that are age-appropriate and that do not contain excessive violence. Parents and educators can also play a
role by monitoring the types of games children are playing and by discussing the potential impact of violent games on behavior. (Krahe,, Moftle , & Kirwil, 2013).
c) Cyberbullying: To combat cyberbullying, players should be aware of the risks and should report any instances of bullying or harassment to the game developers or to the appropriate authorities. Parents and educators can also play a role by educating children about the risks of cyberbullying and by monitoring their online activities.
d) Inappropriate content: To avoid inappropriate content, players should choose games that are age-appropriate and that do not contain explicit sexual content or other inappropriate material. Parents and educators can also play a role by monitoring the types of games children are playing and by discussing the potential impact of explicit content on children and young adults.
e) Gambling: To avoid games that can be considered as a form of gambling, players should be aware of the risks and should avoid games that offer in-game purchases, microtransactions, or subscription services. Parents and educators can also play a role by monitoring the types of games children are playing and by discussing the potential impact of these types of games on their financial well-being.
f) Data protection: To protect personal data, players should be aware of the data policies of the games they play and should only provide personal information to trusted sources. Game developers should also make sure to comply with data protection laws and regulations, and should provide clear and transparent information on how they collect, use, and store personal data.
g) Inclusion and representation: To foster a culture of inclusion and diversity, game developers should make sure to represent diverse groups, such as women and minorities, in their games and in the industry itself. Players, parents, educators, and industry stakeholders should also promote inclusive and diverse content and should call out any instances of discrimination or bias.
h) Economic burden: To avoid an economic burden, players should set limits on the amount of money they spend on games and should be aware of the costs associated with in-game purchases, microtransactions, and subscription services. Parents and educators can also play a role by monitoring the amount of money children spend on games and by discussing the potential impact of these costs on the child's financial situation. They can also help children understand the difference between virtual and real-world currency, and the importance of budgeting and saving money.
Another important aspect that parents and educators need to be aware of is the potential impact of digital gaming on children's physical and mental health. They should monitor the amount of time children spend playing games and encourage them to take regular breaks and engage in other activities such as sports, reading, and socializing. They should also be aware of any signs of addiction or other negative effects such as loss of sleep, poor academic performance, and social isolation, and seek help if necessary.
In India, the government has also implemented several measures to address the potential negative impact of digital gaming on children, such as setting up a Child Online Protection (COP) cell to protect children from online abuse, and creating a framework for self-regulation by the digital gaming industry.
It is important to keep in mind that not all games have these negative effects and that these effects may vary depending on the person and the game itself. It's also important to set boundaries and monitor the time spent playing and the content of the games to avoid any negative effects. Parents, educators, and game developers should work together to promote responsible gaming and help players to make informed decisions about the games they play.
Conclusion and Suggestions
Digital gaming has come a long way since its inception and it continues to evolve and expand. The future of digital gaming looks promising with the advancements in technology such as virtual reality and augmented reality, which are set to provide a more immersive gaming experience.
a) Virtual Reality: Virtual Reality (VR) technology allows players to feel as if they are inside the game, providing a more immersive and realistic experience. VR technology is becoming more accessible and affordable, and it is expected to become more widely adopted in the future.
b) Augmented Reality: Augmented Reality (AR) technology allows players to interact with virtual objects in the real world. This technology is already being used in mobile games and it's expected to be used more in the future, for example in location-based games and in education.
c) Game Streaming: Game Streaming is a technology that allows players to play games on their devices without having to download or install them. It's becoming more popular and it's expected to become more widely adopted in the future, making it easier for players to access games.
d) Mobile Gaming: Mobile gaming has become increasingly popular and it's expected to continue to grow in the future. With the advancements in technology, mobile games are becoming more advanced and they offer a similar gaming experience to console and PC games.
e) Esports: Esports, or competitive gaming, has grown in popularity and it's expected to continue to grow in the future. Esports tournaments are becoming more common and they offer players the chance to compete professionally and to earn money.
f) Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to become more prevalent in digital gaming in the future. AI can be used to create more realistic and challenging opponents, to provide personalized game experiences, and to improve the overall gaming experience.
g) More Inclusivity: The gaming industry is becoming more aware of the importance of inclusivity and representation, with more games featuring diverse characters and storylines. This trend is expected to continue in the future, with more games catering to a wider range of players and providing a more inclusive gaming experience.
The future of digital gaming looks promising with the advancements in technology and the growing popularity of the industry. It is important for game developers and the industry to continue to evolve and adapt to new technology, to promote inclusivity and representation and to ensure that digital gaming remains a positive and enjoyable experience for all.
In conclusion, digital gaming has become a major industry and a popular form of entertainment, but it also faces a number of issues and challenges that need to be addressed. From addiction, aggression, cyberbullying, inappropriate content, gambling, data protection, lack of representation, and economic burden, these challenges can have negative effects on the players, their families, and the society as a whole. However, by promoting responsible gaming, providing safe and appropriate content, fostering a culture of inclusion and diversity, and ensuring data protection, these challenges can be mitigated. It's essential for players, parents, educators, game developers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to work together to address these challenges and to ensure that digital gaming remains a positive and enjoyable experience for all. Additionally, as technology continues to evolve, it's crucial for the industry to keep up with the changes, to provide the best gaming experience for the players while also addressing the issues and challenges.
References:
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science, 12(5), 353-359.
Bartholow, B. D., Sestir, M. A., & Davis, E. B. (2005). Correlates and consequences of exposure to video game violence: Hostile personality, empathy, and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(5), 784-796.
Basak, C., Boot, W. R., Voss, M. W., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Can training in a real-time strategy video
game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults? Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 765-777.
Basak, C., Boot, W. R., Voss, M. W., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Can training in a real-time strategy video
game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults? Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 717-729.
Carnagey, N. L., Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). The effect of video game violence on
physiological desensitization to real-life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3),
489-496.
Cassell, J. & Jenkins, H. (2000). From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chin, L., Chua, R. Y., & Tan, E. (2016). Therapeutic benefits of video gaming in children and adolescents: A review. Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, 9(4), 327-336.
DFC Intelligence (2016). Mobile Gaming Market Report. Retrieved from
https://www.dfcint.com/product/dfc-intelligence-mobile-gaming-market-report/
Dill, K. E., & Thill, K. P. (2007). Video game characters and the socialization of gender roles: Young
people's perceptions mirror sexist media depictions. Sex Roles, 56(11-12), 363-382.
ESA. (2019). Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry. Retrieved from
https://www. theesa. com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2019-Essential-Facts-About-the-Computer-
and- Video-Game-Industry.pdf
European Commission. (2016). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Retrieved from https://eur-lex. europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr.html#:~:text=Regulation%20(EU)%202016%2F679%20of%20the%20European%20Parliament%20and,( 0J%20L%20119%2C%204.5
Federal Trade Commission. (2020). Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Retrieved from
https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/rules/rulemaking-regulatory-reform-proceedings/childrens-
online-privacy-protection-rule
Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gentile, D. A., Lynch, P. J., Linder, J. R., & Walsh, D. A. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 5-22.
Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69(1), 66-78.
Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2006). The cognitive neuroscience of video games. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(8), 482-492.
Jansz, J., & Martens, L. (2005). The emotional appeal of violent video games for adolescent males. Communication Theory, 15(3), 219-241.
Japan Game Rating and Administration Committee. (2020). Japan Game Rating and Administration Committee. Retrieved from https://www.grac.or.kr/english/
Kato, P. M. (2008). Video games in health care: using interactive games to promote well-being. Journal of CyberTherapy and Rehabilitation, 1(2), 191-198.
Kent, S. L. (2001). The ultimate history of video games: From Pong to Pokémon and beyond: The story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world. New York: Three Rivers Press. KPMG. (2020). India Gaming Market Outlook: 2021. Retrieved from https://www.kpmg.com/in/en/industry/entertainment-and-media/insights/india-gaming-market-outlook-2021.html
Krahé, B., Moftle, T., & Kirwil, L. (2013). The impact of video game play on perceptions of aggression and prosocial behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1891-1897.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical
research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10(2), 278-296.
Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, Z., & Chen, N. (2020). A review of virtual reality and augmented reality in
education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 13(1), 1-12.
Newzoo (2020). Global Games Market Report. Retrieved from https://newzoo.com/insights/trend-
reports/newzoo-global-games-market-report-2020-light-version
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of video game engagement. Psychological Science, 24(3), 563-567. Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of video game play in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 772-795
Shaffer, D. (2016). The Oxford handbook of media psychology. Oxford University Press.
Shaffer, D. W., Squire, K. R., Halverson, R., & Gee, J. P. (2005). Video games and the future of learning.
Phi Delta Kappan, 87(2), 104-111.
Squire, K. D. (2003). Video games in education. International Journal of Intelligent Games & Simulation, 2(1), 1-2.
Squire, K. D. (2011). Video games in education. International Journal of Learning and Media, 1(1), 6278.
The Indian Consumer Protection Act, 1986. (1986). Retrieved from
https://www.consumeraffairs.nic.in/sites/default/files/TheConsumerProtectionAct1986.pdf
The Indian Copyright Act, 1957. (1957). Retrieved from
https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/in/in009en.pdf
The Indian Trademarks Act, 1999. (1999). Retrieved from
https: / / ipindiaonline.gov. in/tmrpublicsearch /frmmain. aspx
The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2011. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Intermediary_Guidelines_Rules_2011.pdf
