CC BY
45
6. Dzheston D., Nelis Y. Upravleniye biznes-protsessami. Prakticheskoye rukovodstvo po uspeshnoy realizatsii proyektov. Per. s angl. SPb: Simvol-Plyus, 2008. 512 s.
7. Bruks P. Metriki upravleniya IT-uslugami / Piter Bruks; Per. s angl. M.: Al'pina Biznes Buks, 2008. 283 s.
8. Armstrong Maykl, Stivens Tina. Oplata truda. Prakticheskoye rukovodstvo po postroyeniyu optimal'noy sistemy oplaty truda i voznagrazhdeniya personala / Per. s angl. Dnepropetrovsk: Balans Biznes Buks, 2007. 512 s.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGIC TOURISM 1 2 Khusenova M.G. , Rakhmonov Sh.Sh. (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Email: [email protected]
1Khusenova Mekhrangiz Gayratovna - Student; 2Rakhmonov Shukhrat Shavkatovich - Student, SERVICE AND TOURISM FACULTY, SAMARKAND INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SERVICE, SAMARKAND, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the world where we live in has been revolutionized and our cities have been urbanized. Today more and more people have desire to travel and relax in nature. Nature tourism is one of the rapid developing types of tourism in the last few decades. This article reveals the directions of ecotourism and development trends in this form of tourism. Furthermore, Uzbekistan is considered one of the countries that is rich in not only historical sites but also in nature. The article also describes the potential of ecotourism in Uzbekistan and measurements of improving them.
Keywords: tourism, ecotourism, nature, green, vocation, culture.
РАЗВИТИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ТУРИЗМА 12 Хусенова М.Г. , Рахмонов Ш.Ш. (Республика Узбекистан)
1Хусенова Мехрангиз Гайратовна - студент; 2Рахмонов Шухрат Шавкатович - студент, факультет сервиса и туризма, Самаркандский институт экономики и сервиса, г. Самарканд, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: мир, в котором мы живем, был революционизирован, и наши города были урбанизированы. Сегодня все больше людей хотят путешествовать и отдыхать на природе. Природный туризм является одним из быстро развивающихся видов туризма за последние несколько десятилетий. В этой статье раскрываются направления экотуризма и тенденции развития в этой форме туризма. Кроме того, Узбекистан считается одной из стран, богатых не только историческими местами, но и природой. В статье также описывается потенциал экотуризма в Узбекистане и измерения его улучшения.
Ключевые слова: туризм, экотуризм, природа, зеленый, призвание, культура.
Tourism is one of the developing sphere of the world, which has positive impact to the economy. According to the statistics of WTTC (World Tourism and Travel Council), the portion of tourism in world GDP was 10.2%, investment was USD806.5bn or 4.4% of total investment in 2016 [1, p. 1]. The number of people travelling around the world is increasing constantly and it reached 1 milliard 283 million in 2016 [2, p. 3]. They are travelling for
European science № 2 (34) ■ 28
different purposes. For instance, 27% of them travelling for VFR, health, religion; 13% of them for business and professional purposes; 53% of them for leisure, recreation and holidays [3, p. 5]. Ecologic tourism plays the main role in above-mentioned purposes.
Ecotourism - is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people [4]. Tourism is growing most rapidly in developing countries: between 2010 and 2030, arrivals in emerging destinations are expected to increase at twice the rate (+4.4% a year) of those in advanced economies (+2.2% a year). [5] Fortunately, as this report demonstrates, the growth in responsible tourism continues to outpace the growth of the tourism industry as a whole.
'Green' tourism businesses continue to receive differentiation in popular online travel search and booking engines, including Trip Advisor Green Leaders, Travelocity, and Expedia. Travel bloggers focused on ecotourism, cultural-heritage tourism, and unique vacation experiences continue to gain traction.
Ecotourism approaches to enhance positive effects and minimize negative effects of tourism, include:
• careful planning, with controls to protect key biodiversity sites and sensitive areas from tourism development
• involvement of locals take holders at all stages of tourism development and operation
• measures to reduce environmental impacts (e.g. Reduction and disposal of remaining wastes)
• measures to conduct tourism activities in ways that avoid or minimize damage to biodiversity and disturbance of wildlife
• equitable local distribution of income and employment linked to tourism
National Park Units primarily associated with nature-based activities also demonstrated
increases overall. Table 1 displays a comparison between 2014 and 2015 regarding visitation levels to a selection of National Park Units. With the exception of National Wild and Scenic River and other parks, who demonstrated slight decreases from 2014, the visitation trend is upwards.
Fig. 1. Sustainable tourism as an overarching concept [6]
In recent years, eco-tourism has become a segment of tourism and new area in tourism industry. The resolutions of the UN General Assembly from 2012 and 2014 recognize the importance of the development of eco-tourism in order to preserve natural resources and international cooperation in this field. It is emphasized that the holding of this conference is
29 ■ European science № 2 (34)
very timely, and considered questions are relevant not only for Uzbekistan but also for the whole world, especially in light of the fact that the United Nations has proclaimed 2017th year as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development. Currently, the system of protected areas includes 8 reserves, 2 natural national and one national park, 1 biosphere reserve, 12 nature reserves, 7 natural monuments. Advantageous geographical location of Uzbekistan at the intersection of routes from east to west and from the south to the northern countries, climatic features a unique network of protected natural areas and a rich variety of landscapes offer great opportunities for the promotion of eco-tourism routes.
References in English / Список литературы на английском языке
1. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2017/world2017.pdf/ (date of acces: 13.03.2018). WTTC economic impact of Travel&tourism, 2017. Р 1.
2. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029/ (date of acces: 13.03.2018). UNWTO Tourism highlights, 2017 edition. Р 3.
3. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029/ (date of acces: 13.03.2018). UNWTO Tourism highlights, 2017 edition. Р. 5.
4. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.responsibletravel.org/whatWeDo/The_Case_for_Responsible_Travel_2016_ Final.pdf/ (date of acces: 13.03.2018).
5. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/4099Presentation%200.1%20 Kelly%20Bricker%20-0/o20full%20presentation.pdf/ (date of acces: 13.03.2018).
6. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.european-ecotourism.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/EuroEco-2015-Michael-Meyer.pdf/ (date of acces: 13.03.2018). Strands/INVENT (2001): The Ecotourism Manual for Protected Area manager. CD Rom.
References / Список литературы
1. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2017/world2017.pdf WTTC economic impact of Travel&tourism, 2017. С 1./ (дата обращения: 13.03.2018).
2. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029UNWTO Tourism highlights 2017. editio., С. 3./ (дата обращения: 13.03.2018).
3. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029UNWTO Tourism highlights 2017. edition. С. 5./ (дата обращения: 13.03.2018).
4. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://www.responsibletravel.org/whatWeDo/The_Case_for_Responsible_Travel_2016_ Final.pdf/ (дата обращения: 13.03.2018).
5. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/4099Presentation%200.1%20 Kelly%20Bricker%20-%20full%20presentation.pdf/ (дата обращения: 13.03.2018).
6. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: http://www.european-ecotourism.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/EuroEco -2015 -Michael-Meyer.pdfStrands/INVENT (2001): The Ecotourism Manual for Protected Area manager. CD Rom/ (дата обращения: 13.03.2018).
European science № 2 (34) ■ 30
