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ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ НАУЧНОЙ РАБОТЫ
THE CYCLES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPTILE HELMINTHES AND THE ECOLOGY OF THEIR POPULATION
Toshov Utkir Djumayevich, Karshi State University, Karshi, Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: jamolbek14mail.ru
ЦИКЛЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕПТИЛЬНЫХ ГЕЛЬМИНТОВ И ЭКОЛОГИЯ ИХ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ
Abstract. The article deals with the problems of the cycles of the development of the reptile helminthes and the ecology of their population. The study of the Biology, distribution and ovum of the types of reptile helminthes such as Mesocestaides lienalis, Alaria alata and Diplopillidium and the information provided in the literature on these species are analyzed in the article.
Key words: reptile, helminthes, ecology, population, natural landscape, ecological environment, cystoids.
Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются проблемы циклов развития гельминтов рептилий и экологии их популяции. В статье анализируются биология, распространение типов рептилий гельминтов, таких, как Mesocestaides lienalis, Alaria alata и Diplopillidium, а также информация, представленная в научной литературе по данным видам.
Ключевые слова: рептилия, гельминты, экология, популяция, природный ландшафт, экологическая среда, циссоиды.
Studying the helminthes of the wildlife animals in ecosystems is crucial for the study of the biological diversity of the species, the mechanism of adaptation of the free worms to biotic and abiotic factors on the site, the preservation of helminthes of the animals and human in a natural landscape is very important. In this direction, it is important to study helminthes in various natural and anthropogenic landscapes and some biogeocenoses in extreme conditions (hot sand dunes, high mountains, etc.). The vertebrate reptiles constitute the largest number of species in the condition of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА
Historically, reptiles are adapted to living in diverse ecological environments in Uzbekistan. In the system of long evolution, the parasite reptiles and their owners, as "parasite owner" has become an important research object for reptiles and their owners' study.
Therefore, the study of reptile animals' helminthes of Uzbekistan is interested in the foreign helminthes scientists (Crabbe, 1879, Linstov, 1883, Massino, 1923, Markov, 1963, Vakker, 1970, and others)
It should be noted that single-worm helminthes developing in the body of reptile animals include dipillidiosis, mesothhediosis, gangilonematosis, spirotserkoz and other types distributing illness to pets and people with disorders.
At present, nature is known to have reservoir owners, which keeps the helminthes in their body for a long time and then passes them to other animals. Representatives of the Reptilia class are important in this respect. Today, some reptiles are destroyed by parasite worms. Taking this into consideration, we learned about the life cycle of some helminthes found in the reptiles.
The life cycle of cestode Diplopylidium noelleri (Skrjabin, 1924)
The life cycle of the helminthes being parasite in reptiles, including the family members of the such as cestodes as Dipylidiidae have been studied in less degree (Sharpilo, 1976). According to P. Popova (1934), the representative of the family Dipylidiidae skrjabini, developed with the participation of an intermediary owner, in which the type of the lizards Gymnodactylus caspius plays the role of the owner.
In 1988-1989, cystoids were found in the desert areas of the Kashkadarya region with insecticides (Insecta, Coleoptera) with larvae forms of helminthes in such types of beetles as Adesmia gebleri, A.biseriata, A.septemcostata with the morphological signs (Kobilov, 1989) .
The cysticosteroid were separated from the body cavity of beetles. They are in the connective tissue capsule, with a diameter of 0.28 to 0.37 mm. and spherical or oval shaped form. The Scolexy is in the diameter of 0.06-0.08 mm. armed with four teats. At each of the three sides of the hinge, there are 3 rows of 21 to 24 pieces each. The size of the first row blocks is 0.03-0.04 mm. The size of the next two rows is smaller than the first one.
Animals were undergone a full gynecologic examination at 38, 64 and 97 th day.
As a result of deep study of 25 morphological features of the found larvae it was clarified that they belonged to Diplopylidium noelleri type of the Dipylidiidae family.
The larvae Diplopylidium noelleri, which are separated from the lizards, are stacked within 1.5-3 hours of their Scolexy.
At this time, their body will be in pink shape or spherical, with a diameter of 0.66-0.80 mm. The large 3-5 mollusks in the body are clearly distinguished. The Scolexy is equipped with four powerful, ribbed teats. The suction cup is relatively short and has 3 hoops of the ends. The number of hoops is 24-26, the second one is 2022 and the third one is 18-20. The length of the teeth is 1 in the range 0.040-0-044
ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА
mm. The length of the two rows of hoops is slightly shorter.
Larvae's shellfish consists of a dense, connective tissue with an external and porous tissue interior. Parenchyma is covered in various forms (spherical, oval) and limestone particles. The length of the Integument is 0,28-0,32 mm on the basis of the Scolexy.
Thus, the cycles of the development of the Diplopylidium noelleri is held in the participation of the representatives of the families of gekkons (Gekkonidae), Agama (Agamidae) and lizards (Lacertidae).
D. noelleri parasitize in wild meat eating animals (fox, jackal, wild cat, etc.) in the mature phase.
The range of intermediate reservoirs and definitive hosts coincides with these systematic groups in terms of the number of species in the southern desert, in the biogenic landscapes of the steppes of southern Uzbekistan. This ensures that D. noelleri successfully passes the developmental cycle.
The life cycle of Mesocestoides lineatus (Goeze, 1782) in Cestoda
It is quite common in the territory of Uzbekistan, and adult parasites occur in the cats, jackals, reed cats, and the extensively corruption is 31.2% (Muminov, 1968). It has also been found that wild birds and wild animals, such as foxes, wild boars, have been exposed to 31-2364 specimens (Sultanov, Muminov et al., 1971).
It is known that Cestoda's larvaes (tetradiry) are derived from reptiles from yellow snakes, steppe agamas, lizards and various rodents (rats, field mice, etc.).
Due to the analysis of the life cycles, distribution, population structure, intermediate, reservoir, species composition, ecological features, destructive processes of the destructive processor and damage to the environment by helminthes' eggs, parasite-host system activity and other processes collected in natural conditions of the territory of Uzbekistan and existing literature the following conclusions were drawn:
The destructive process slightly accelerates, and many mesocentoid eggs emerge and pollute the environment, as the definitive owner of dog, fox, wolf and others in the autumn (November) and early spring (March). At this time, the orbital tissue swallows the egg in the cyst and thus is damaged by cestodes. It is characteristic that in the body of the main patron, the cobbled ages of the ceston in the small bowel correspond to the active movement of the intermediate owner of the jellyfish, or the migration of the soil to the surface. Intermittent owners of the cestodes - oribatid canals are more common in mountainous pastures and on moist soil biotopes.
The second parasite phase of the Mesocestodes is the recurrence of tetradium reservoirs-reptiles corresponds to more summer and early autumn.
The intermediate owners of this caste are mostly Orribatei (Oribatei) canine species of the following Scheloibate generation:
Mesocestodes larvae occur in tetradatrium reservoirs - reptiles, rodents, hedgehogs in their body as "accumulation" (being gathered). For this reason, they infect a definite owner in different parts of the day. Our study shows that the mesocestodes are transmitted to four groups (egg, cysticosteroid, tetradi- tithrium and
ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА
adult cestode).
It bioecologically well adapted to the organisms of the three systematic groups and the environment. This, in turn, ensures survival of vertebrate animals living in a variety of ecological environments to maintain biosenotic linkages, thereby achieving the helminthe lifecycle.
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